How to prevent laboratory safety production?

1. Dress and eat.

1.When entering the laboratory, you must wear work clothes according to the regulations; Casual clothing such as shorts and slippers is not allowed.

2.When handling chemicals such as hazardous substances, volatile organic solvents, and toxic chemicals, protective equipment (protective masks, protective gloves, protective masks or glasses, protective shoes, etc.) must be worn.

3.Long hair and loose clothing should be properly secured, and anti-heat gloves should be worn when operating high-temperature experiments.

4.In order to prevent rodent infestation and protect the safety of equipment cables, it is strictly forbidden to eat and drink food (including chewing gum) in the laboratory.

5.Food should not be stored in refrigerators with chemicals.

2. Rest provisions.

1.After the experiment, hands should be washed to avoid personal injury.

2.The laboratory is a workplace, and it is not allowed to rest or sleep in the laboratory. Those who need to rest should go to a ventilated and open environment.

3. Regulations on the use of drugs.

1.When using hazardous chemicals, the operation specifications should be strictly followed, and the process should not be replaced by yourself.

2.Before taking the medicine, you should recognize the label; Before the use of toxic drugs, the toxicity description and preventive measures should be consulted in advance; After storing the drug in other containers, it should be labeled.

3.Corrosive drugs should be used in a fume hood, and they should wear protective clothing.

4.The storage of drugs should be classified into categories, and the location should not be changed without permission; New medicines should be registered and added to the instructions posted on the door of the medicine cabinet.

5.When operating the gas test of highly toxic drugs, the person in charge of the laboratory should be reported in advance and other personnel should be notified; It is not allowed to carry out toxic, harmful and dangerous experiments in the laboratory alone. When handling flammable drugs, fire prevention should be done in advance.

6.Experimental waste liquid or expired drugs should be classified and disposed of, and should not be littered and pollute the environment.

Before working every day, we should insist on one-minute education before work, think about how to prevent safety accidents in our work, and think about what methods and measures to take to ensure safe production. As a safety production manager, we should continue to explore and study, establish and improve a set of effective rules and regulations and safety responsibility system, constantly strengthen and improve the quality of all employees, find and eliminate various unsafe factors, reduce people's unsafe behaviors as much as possible, and constantly increase the rectification of the production site and working environment, so that employees have a good environment and a reliable sense of security in the production process. To do this, every employee, every manager and leader must always and everywhere "think ahead", and must have a strong sense of advancement.

It is necessary to vigorously carry out publicity and education on safety production laws and regulations, create a "safe production, people-oriented" safety culture atmosphere, improve safety to a new height, learn laws and regulations through meetings, knowledge competitions and other forms, and post safety posters and slogans, so that all employees can realize that the party and the highest level of attention to safety are now realized, and everyone should realize that the current safety production has been promoted to the height of the law, and violating the rules and regulations of safety production and operating procedures is an illegal act. Secondly, it is necessary to popularize safety knowledge for all employees. When employees understand the importance of safety, they should instill some of the most basic safety knowledge to employees.

There are five main types of safety hazards in the laboratory:

1. The occurrence of fire accidents.

Forgetting to turn off the power supply, causing the equipment or electrical appliances to be energized for too long and the temperature too high, causing fire; careless operation or improper use, so that the ignition source comes into contact with flammable substances, causing fire; The power supply line is aging and overloaded, causing the line to heat up and cause fire. This type of accident is universal and can happen in any laboratory.

2. The occurrence of accidents.

Violation of operating procedures, ignition of flammable materials, resulting in **; The equipment is aging, there are faults or defects, resulting in the leakage of flammable and explosive materials, and caused by sparks. Most of these accidents occur in laboratories with flammable and explosive materials and pressure vessels.

3. The occurrence of poisoning accidents.

Violating operating procedures by bringing food into a toxic laboratory, causing accidental ingestion poisoning; The equipment and facilities are aging, and there are faults or defects, resulting in the leakage of toxic substances or the discharge of toxic gases, resulting in poisoning.

Poor management, resulting in the scattering and loss of toxic substances, causing environmental pollution; The wastewater discharge pipeline is blocked or out of course, resulting in the flow of toxic wastewater without treatment, causing environmental pollution. Most of these accidents occur in chemical laboratories with chemicals and highly toxic substances and in laboratories with toxic emissions.

4. The occurrence of biosecurity accidents.

Negligence and accidents in the management of microbiology laboratories can not only lead to the infection of laboratory staff, but also cause environmental pollution and large-scale population infection. Biological waste contains infectious germs, viruses, chemical pollutants and radioactive hazardous substances, which may pose great harm to human health and environmental pollution.

5. The occurrence of mechanical and electrical injury accidents.

Improper operation or lack of protection, resulting in extrusion, throwing off and collision injuries; Violation of operating procedures or faults and defects due to aging equipment and facilities, resulting in leakage electric shock and arc sparks; Improper use causes harm to people with high-temperature gases and liquids. This type of accident mostly occurs in mechanical laboratories with high-speed rotation or impact movements, or electrical laboratories with live operations.

1.Eliminate man-made hidden dangers.

The main body involved in the experimental work is people, and the unsafe factors of people are the most important reasons for the occurrence of laboratory safety accidents. Therefore, only by starting from "people" and improving the safety awareness and literacy of experimenters through various means can potential safety hazards be minimized.

Universities in Hong Kong take laboratory safety very seriously. For example, postgraduate students are required to undergo mandatory safety training and examinations arranged by the Office of Safety and Environmental Affairs of the University before using controlled materials or apparatus. Safety training should also be mandatory for science and engineering undergraduates, including large-scale education and online courses, and general safety training courses such as fire prevention and escape should be offered.

Tsinghua University has developed an online learning and examination system for laboratory safety courses, and uses modern network information technology and rich network information resources to carry out laboratory safety education.

2.Build a secure environment.

A good safety environment is an important factor to ensure the safety of the laboratory, and the construction of a safe environment should be carried out from the hardware and software.

Hardware: The laboratory (building) should be equipped with complete safety facilities, such as fire-fighting equipment, alarm devices, emergency sprinkler devices, eyewashes, first-aid kits, waste collection devices, etc. It is necessary to frequently inspect the safe passage to ensure that the safe passage is unblocked, and to ensure that the electricity and water used for the experiment are safe and qualified.

Software: Clarify the person responsible for the safety of each laboratory, post obvious signs for the potential hazards of each laboratory, clearly inform the safety precautions and rules for the use of various instruments and equipment, and clearly mark the hazards and emergency treatment measures of the drugs. It is necessary to conduct regular safety inspections, carry out safety learning and safety knowledge experimental technology and management competitions, formulate strict reward and punishment measures, and create a safe atmosphere.

3.Improve the system and improve safety awareness.

The establishment of a sound and clear laboratory management system and strict implementation is an important guarantee for the sustainable development of laboratory safety work, and it is also a necessary condition for the operation of the safety access system.

1. Laboratory safety:

Refers to the state in which the laboratory is exempt from an unacceptable risk of damage.

2. The purpose of laboratory safety:

The laboratory is a complex place, often using a variety of chemicals and equipment, as well as water, electricity, gas, but also encounter high temperature, low temperature, high pressure, vacuum, high voltage, high frequency and laboratory conditions and instruments with radiation sources, if the lack of necessary safety management and protection knowledge, will cause huge losses of life and property.

3. Laboratory safety management:

Laboratories should formulate corresponding safety standards for risk factors that may involve electrical, mechanical, non-ionizing radiation, chemical and microbial risks during operation, so as to improve the safety management and safety technology capabilities of the laboratory and reduce the safety risks of experimental operation. Specific means:

1) Formulate strict laboratory safety management regulations.

Safety Measures in Chemical Laboratories (1) Fire Prevention and Fire Extinguishing Flammability in chemical laboratories. Explosive materials need to be inspected regularly, kept away from fire when used, and should not come into contact with strong oxidizing agents. Smoking is strictly prohibited in the laboratory, and it is strictly forbidden to light a fire for heating; Household appliances should be overhauled frequently to prevent short circuit or overload caused by poor insulation.

In the event of a fire, the combustibles should be removed immediately, the power supply should be cut off, and the ventilation should be stopped. For small fires, a damp cloth should be used immediately. Sand and the like cover the combustibles to isolate the air and extinguish the ceasefire.

In the event of a fire, the police should be called immediately, and the corresponding fire extinguisher should be used according to the nature of the combustibles for rescue to reduce losses. Commonly used fire extinguishers are as follows: 1

CO2 fire extinguisher: suitable for appliances**. 2.

Dry powder fire extinguisher: used to extinguish combustible gas, oil, electrical equipment, articles, documents and other initial disasters. Fire extinguisher:

High-efficiency fire extinguishing agent, used in oil, organic solvents, high-voltage electrical equipment and precision instruments. 4.Foam fire extinguisher:

Suitable for oils and general**. (2) Handling of general injury accidents The laboratory is equipped with a medicine box with commonly used medical supplies: Disinfectants:

75% alcohol, iodine, 3% hydrogen peroxide, alcohol cotton balls. Scald medicine: jade tree oil, blue oil hydrocarbons, scald medicine, petroleum jelly.

Wound medicines: red potion, gentian juice, anti-inflammatory powder. Chemical burn medicines:

5% sodium bicarbonate solution, 1% boric acid, 2% acetic acid, ammonia, 2% copper sulfate solution. **Supplies: cotton wool, gauze, wound protection gel, bandages, tweezers, etc.

1. Cut treatment: keep the wound clean, if there is a foreign body in the wound, it should be carefully removed, then cleaned with alcohol cotton, coated with red syrup, and bandaged with anti-inflammatory powder if necessary, and taken to stop bleeding in severe cases and sent to the hospital. 2 Treatment of scalds and burns:

The wound can be coated with eucalyptus oil or 75% alcohol and then coated with blue oil hydrocarbons. If the wound is large and deep into the dermis, it should be carefully treated with 75% alcohol, and bandaged with scald ointment before being taken to the hospital. 3 Chemical burn treatment methods:

If it is stained with concentrated sulfuric acid, do not rinse with water, first use a cotton cloth to absorb concentrated sulfuric acid, then rinse with water, then neutralize with 3% 5% sodium bicarbonate solution, and finally wash with water. Apply glycerin if necessary and, if blisters, gentian juice. As for other acid burns, they can be rinsed immediately and then treated.

If you are burned by alkali, rinse with water and then wash with 3% boric acid or 2% acetic acid. If the acid and alkali of the fruit splash into the eye, it should be rinsed with water first, and then cleaned with 5% sodium bicarbonate solution or 2% acetic acid. (3) First aid measures for poisoningThere are three ways of chemical poisoning:

Poisoning by inhalation of toxic gases, dust, smoke through the respiratory tract; 2 Poisoning by misingeation through the digestive tract; 3 Poisoning through contact**. When poisoning occurs in the laboratory, emergency measures must be taken, and at the same time, emergency treatment must be taken to the hospital, and the commonly used first aid measures are as follows: 1. Respiratory poisoning, the poisoned person should be evacuated from the scene.

Move to a well-ventilated area to allow the patient to breathe fresh air. Mild cases will return to normal sooner.