How to protect the seedlings of overwintering rape? What exactly should you pay attention to?

Although the temperature is low in winter, when the temperature warms up, it is the high incidence period of aphids, and the amount of aphids should be observed in time, and the amount of aphids per mu reaches about 20 percent, and each mu should be sprayed with 100 grams of dichlorvos and 60 catties of water (about 2 sprayers). For those rape fields with poor quality, we should cultivate and loosen the soil in time, so as to play a good role in seedling protection and frost prevention. When loosening the soil, you should spray some winter fertilizer in it, such as well-rotted cake manure and manure, and then add some plant ash.

<> weeding in the field. In winter, the use of low temperature, dry soil, seize the sunny day, manual weeding, fast dead grass, good weeding effect, can kill the grass sprouts that have sprouted, and avoid many unfavorable factors brought by the use of herbicides. Watering in a timely manner, do a good job of drainage, this winter, the temperature is slightly higher than in previous years, there is a drought phenomenon, should be watered in an orderly manner, to promote the growth of seedlings robust, especially after the use of chemical fertilizers, the soil is dry, must be watered.

Prevention of stain damage and frost damage is the key work of field management of rapeseed in winter, and the masses should be mobilized in time to open the three ditches in the field, clean up the ditches outside the field, and ensure smooth drainage. It is advisable to return rice straw to the field, and cover the rice straw between the transplanted rape rows, which can increase temperature and moisture. After transplanting and seedling, in a timely mannerWatering the rooting waterKeeping the soil moist can promote the survival of seedlings and form strong seedlings for winter.

Bitter cold regionsIrrigation of winter waterIt is suitable to be carried out when the average temperature drops to 3 5 or when the night freezes and the day disappears, when the seedlings are planted, let it continue to grow, and when the leaves are large, the leaves are about to be feuded, hurry up and hoe deep and in the process of deep hoeing, a part of the soil is hugged in the roots of the rape to prevent freezing.

After planting the seedlings, the three-leaf single heart seedlings, 100-120 plants per square meter, the seedlings were applied 5 kg of urea, and 5 kg of urea was applied to the seedlings 7 days before transplanting, as well as pests such as cabbage caterpillars and aphids were also controlled. The main insect pests of rapeseed seedlings are ground tigers, cabbage insects, aphids, etc., which can be mixed with ditoxicant powder or zinc sulfur and phosphorus in the base fertilizer, or sprayed with insecticides for control. The main diseases are white rust, etc., carbendazim can be used.

Check the condition of the seedlings, or make up for them in time. Secondly, when the leaves grow into a medium shape. Harvest the seedlings immediately and keep an appropriate distance.

Third, when planting a seedling, let it grow. When the leaves grow, they quickly burrow into the ground. Weeding deep in the weeds, gently fixing some of the soil at the roots of the rape to prevent freezing during subsoiling.

Of course, there are also some small cleaning measures, such as watering and sprinkling the ashes of rapeseed leaves to prevent freezing. This one is more important.

First of all, check the condition of the seedlings, otherwise they should be filled up in time. Secondly, when the leaves grow into a medium shape. Collect seedlings immediately and keep an appropriate distance.

Third, when seedlings are planted, let them grow. When the leaves grow, they quickly burrow into the ground. Weed deep in the weeds and gently firm some of the soil to the rape roots to prevent freezing during the deep loosening process.

Of course, there are some small cleaning measures, such as watering and sprinkling ash from canola leaves, to prevent freezing. This is more important.

Phosphorus fertilizer can promote the root growth and development of rapeseed and enhance resistance, while potassium fertilizer can improve the cold resistance, disease resistance and lodging resistance of rapeseed.

Cultivating soil can be cultivated 2-3 times in the overwintering period, which can improve the soil structure of rapeseed day, regulate soil moisture, facilitate fertilizer infiltration, and enhance the fertilizer-loving and thermal insulation ability of the soil.

Drainage and irrigation Before winter, three ditches should be opened, and the ditches should be cleared in time to drain the stagnant water in the field, reduce the humidity in the field, promote the growth and development of the root system, and help reduce the low temperature frost damage.

Post-freezing remediation After the cold snap in winter, the seedlings should be checked in time, and the rape that has been pulled out should be broken in time to avoid breaking the roots and killing the seedlings.

Increase phosphorus and potassium fertilizers.

Phosphorus can promote the development of rapeseed roots and enhance resistance, and potassium can improve the ability of rapeseed to resist cold, disease and lodging. Therefore, the appropriate application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer can effectively enhance the cold and frost resistance of plants.

Rapeseed prefers cold and can tolerate low and high temperatures, so it can be planted almost all year round. Generally sowing is still in August to November. 25 to 30 days after planting, the harvest can be carried out in succession.

The requirements for the soil are fertile, but also to be well-drained sandy loam soil, first of all, seeds, directly buy the latest packaging of the latest varieties of rape seeds for sowing, in my hometown, are the use of direct sowing method, very simple, in winter in the vegetable greenhouse planting is very good and quickly germinated; There are many varieties of small rape, which vary from region to region. Due to the short growth period, strong adaptability and simple planting of small rapeseed, the planting area in China has always been large. The cultivation conditions of small rape are not strict, and they can be planted and cultivated all year round as long as the temperature conditions are suitable.

Autumn and winter cabbage is usually sown in batches from September to early October, 20 30 days after sowing, some seedlings can be selected, most of the adults can be listed after sowing, it is recommended to choose strong cold resistance, good quality of medium and mature cabbage varieties, sowing kg per mu. Different varieties of rape should be selected in different seasons, so if you plant in winter, you should choose a small rape variety that is more frozen, and such a small rape is later to be mossed. The recommended varieties are about April slow and Shanghai green, the yield should be good, pay attention to be sure to book it in advance, and the other is to buy from very formal channels, some other seedlings that seem to be very cheap have many defects, most of them have not been quarantined.

Remember not to buy with the mentality of picking up cheap, select seedlings to fertilize the whole field of rapeseed has strong adaptability, and the requirements for the soil are not strict, but it is advisable to use deep soil layer, fertile and loose soil, and the oil content is high when planted on neutral and slightly acidic soil, and low oil content when planted on alkaline soil. It is planted in small size, and the top planting takes place from November to the end of January of the following year. When planting, it must be planted deeply, and the planting density must be dense to prevent frost damage.

The seedlings should be interspersed when they are still seedlings, and they should be paid attention to their spacing, too large or too small is not conducive to growth.

Seedlings are thinned at the 3-leaf stage of rapeseed growth, and the principle of seedlings is that they are large and weak, sick and mixed, dense and inferior, and leave short and strong seedlings. Rapeseed seedlings are used to reduce the density and provide space for the plants to grow. The principle of leaving large and small seedlings.

Symptoms of leaf damage: small water-soaked spots of needle-tip size on the leaves at the beginning of the disease gradually expand into small brown spots with a diameter of 2-3 mm, and the small spots fuse with each other to form dark brown large lesions, and the leaf lesions will crack or perforate, causing leaf yellow wilting.

2. Symptoms of stem and pod damage: the lesions are nearly round or fusiform, slightly concave. When the humidity is high, the diseased area produces a reddish sticky substance.

According to the local planting climate conditions and local soil fertility level, varieties with strong stress resistance are selected for planting. Wrap the seeds with gauze and soak them in cold water for about 1 hour, then pick them up and put them at 15 20 °C for 2 days, mix the seeds with a new high-fat film before sowing to drive away underground diseases and insects, and choose new varieties of "double low" or hybrid rapeseed with high quality and high yield, good disease and stress resistance, and wide adaptability, and moderately increase the amount of seeds per mu to ensure the basic seedling and group structure, and seize high yield and stable yield. And every 3 or 4 years, the varieties are constantly updated to maintain the potential of improved varieties to increase yield.

Rape can be divided into three categories, namely cabbage-type rape, mustard-type rape, and cabbage-type rape. Below, before we plant and manage rapeseed in autumn and winter, let's analyze the types of rape. Method:

In November every winter, select robust, high-quality, high-purity, disease-free seedlings for transplanting. The width of the canopy is from 2 meters to 2 meters, and the length is not limited. Row spacing 10x15.

Be prepared before planting. This includes land preparation and seed treatment. Rapeseed does not have high requirements for soil, but if the soil layer is thick, fertile and loose, it will help to achieve high yields; And preferably neutral or slightly acidic soil, planted on alkaline soils with oil.

<>. 1. Weeding. Weeds and rapeseed compete for fertilizer, water and sunlight, which seriously affects the healthy growth of crops.

Rapeseed field weeds mainly include gramineous weeds and broad-leaved weeds, and there are many kinds, at present, it is mainly to prevent and remove gramineous weeds, that is, we usually in the south, rape is planted after the National Day, and it is one of the most important oil crops in rural families. Because it is a winter crop, it can make good use of the problem of vacant fields from winter to Spring Festival after rice harvest, which can also increase some income for farmers. It grows very well, and what is even more amazing is that the large temperature difference is more conducive to growth, and it can be said to be a very strong plant.

In general, rape is still relatively easy to grow, and the requirements for the plot are not too high, but the soil is best not to be too sticky, if the soil is particularly clayey.

The first point is that if you want to make this rape good in winter, then first of all, the temperature and climate must be mastered, so that you can, the second point should be fertilized and watered regularly, so as to achieve good results, and the third point is that it should be managed every day and should be grassed.

Appropriate time for seedlings, fixed seedlings and replenishment of seedlings.

In the process of direct seeding of rapeseed, due to the large amount of sowing, large sowing area and dry weather, the field is very prone to lack of seedlings and uneven emergence of seedlings, so it is necessary to carry out seedling, seedling determination and seedling replenishment in time after rapeseed emergence, so as to avoid excessive field density resulting in poor seedling growth and development, and more weak seedlings, which is not conducive to rapeseed winter.

Ensure the right temperature, constantly update the variety, wrap the seeds with gauze, ensure the quality of the dishes, select more fertile land, loose soil, ensure the temperature of the soil, do a good job of weeding, etc.

The demand for temperature of rape is still relatively high, so it can only be planted in large pots in winter, and some pesticide removal can also be carried out regularly to ensure the yield of rapeseed.

After the beginning of winter, rapeseed can still be transplanted in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in the south and its southern areas, and some people in our local area are planting rapeseed in the past few days. Rapeseed transplanting can be transplanted as long as there is no frost, but it is a little late to transplant it to the "light snow" solar term.

Due to the different climate change in the south of our country, the south is hot and the north is cold, after the beginning of the winter solar term, the northern region has entered the winter, and the temperature is relatively low, so it should not be suitable for transplanting rape at this time. Because of this time, the rape in the northern region gradually stops growing and is ready to enter the hibernation period. This time is barely transplanted to survive, because the rape seedlings are relatively weak, the cold resistance is poor, and it is not safe to overwinter.

However, in the south, as well as in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, although the beginning of the winter solar term has passed, the temperature is still relatively high, and rapeseed seedlings should still be transplanted. And the winter temperature in the south is not low, although the transplanting is a little later, but it can still grow into strong seedlings, and there is no need to worry about the cold resistance of rape seedlings, let alone the wintering of rape seedlings.

How to manage rape seedlings after transplanting to achieve high yield? First of all, it is necessary to transplant in a timely manner according to the characteristics of the local climate.

Before transplanting, it is necessary to apply foot fertilizer, deep ploughing and soil preparation, and transplanting with water when transplanting to ensure the survival rate of rape seedlings. Then, after the rape seedlings survive, it is necessary to water them in time, pay attention to the prevention and control of aphids and cabbage insects, and ensure that the rape seedlings can grow healthily. Secondly, we should pay attention to the time of seedlings and seedlings, watering, fertilizing and cultivating strong seedlings.

In short, as long as we do our work carefully and standardize management, we will be able to obtain high yields. Rapeseed transplanting, first level the land, remove weeds and straws, apply 15 kg of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer per mu, and can also be applied in holes, select strong seedlings to plant one plant per hole, and transplant according to the plant row spacing of 30cm 35cm. Once planted, water thoroughly.

After that, water once a day in the morning and once in the evening until you survive.

Planting rape is easy to survive, our local area used to transplant a large area, never watered, using the rain before planting or after the rain, can survive without watering. Now the soil is dry, the moisture is not good, it must be watered, there is a water source or watering, early survival, early germination.

After rape is planted and survived, it is necessary to hoe the weeds in time to eliminate the weeds in the budding stage, hoe the grass once in winter, and hoe the grass three times in spring. In winter, rape will have aphids and cabbage insects, and after rape is planted and survived, it will be controlled by 1000 times liquid foliar spray to kill the enemy. After rape survives, if the growth is weak and there is a lack of fertilizer, 50 kg of biogas slurry can be added to 250 grams of urea and watered.

The growth is vigorous, and you can do without watering fertilizer.

Increasing phosphorus and potassium fertilizer and phosphorus can promote the development of rapeseed roots, enhance resistance, and potassium can improve rapeseed's ability to resist cold, disease and lodging. Therefore, the appropriate application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer can effectively enhance the cold and frost resistance of plants. Irrigation and anti-freezing rape fields are irrigated once before the cold snap comes, which can generally be carried out at noon on a sunny day when the cold tail is warm.

In this way, the ground temperature can be stabilized, the water supply of vegetable seedlings during wintering, and can effectively prevent dry-freezing, which is conducive to protecting the seedlings and stabilizing their roots. Foliar fertilizer spraying The key to foliar fertilizer spraying before winter is to spray new high-fat film with phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, which can increase the concentration of cell fluid, reduce the freezing point, and increase the cold resistance of Buqiang.