The concept of non biotic, biotransformational transformation from living things

Abiotic factors refer to: inorganic, organic, air, light, heat, water, and the like.

Because the matter and energy of abiotic is the ultimate material and energy of the biological community in the ecosystem, and if there is no abiotic matter and energy, it is impossible to exist without the community, so the matter and energy of abiotic are the basis of the existence of the ecosystem.

There are animals, plants, and many single-celled organisms like yeasts, paramecium, chlamydomonas, etc.

Non-living things are sunlight, air, light, heat, water, stones, and earth.

Transformed from living to non-living – coal, oil, fossils, amber, etc.

Creature. Pig.

Cattle. Sheep. Cause. is part of the food chain.

Involved in the circulation of matter and the transfer of energy.

itself has a metabolism.

Non-biotic. Non-biotic.

Stone. Seawater.

Wind. Just the base material is provided.

and energy circulation.

It is the circulation of matter and the transfer of energy.

part. But.

There is no metabolism per se.

Biotic - non-abiotic. co2o2

Mineral elements in the soil.

After biological metabolism.

Originally an orderly part of an organism.

Get back to nature.

It is detached from the metabolic environment of the organism itself.

It has no metabolic function on its own.

So. Transformed into a non-living being.

Special Instructions. What we now refer to as living things is on a macroscopic scale.

It does not correspond one-to-one to the non-living things on a macroscopic scale.

It goes through a process of decomposition to aggregation.

There are long and short times in terms of time and process.

It is impossible for a macroscopic creature to become a macrocosmic non-creature all at once.

So. The transition from living to non-living things is generally microscopic and slow.

It is not possible to correspond to each other on the object.

The term biotransformation is explained as follows:

The explanation of the term "biotransformation" is: biotransformation, also known as drug metabolism, refers to the oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis and binding reactions of drugs in the body mainly in the liver through the action of liver drug enzymes, so that the structure of the drug changes. The foreign compounds have undergone biotransformation, and some of them can be detoxified with reduced toxicity.

However, some can enhance their toxicity and even produce teratogenic and carcinogenic effects.

Categories of biotransformation:

Glucuronidation.

Hepatocyte microsomes contain a very active glucuronyltransferase, which uses uridine diphosphate glucuronic acid (UDP-glucuronic acid) as a donor to catalyze the transfer of glucuronic acid groups to a variety of compounds containing polar groups (including drugs, poisons, and hormones), such as phenols, alcohols, amines, and carboxylic acids, to produce -glucuronide.

Sulfation. The sulfation reaction is part of the body's chemical defense system and plays an important role in the biological activation of many chemical carcinogens such as aromatic amines and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

Methylation. Methylation refers to the process of catalyzing the transfer of methyl groups from active methyl compounds, such as S-adenosylmethionine, to other compounds. Various methyl compounds can be formed, or certain proteins or nucleic acids can be chemically modified to form methylation products.

The above content reference: Baichuan Town Degree Encyclopedia - Biotransformation.

Answer: Elevated polarity.

Biotransformation is the transformation of non-nutrients in the body, so that their biological activity is reduced or disappears, making trouble or detoxifying, or the solubility is increased and easy to be excreted. However, after biotransformation, the toxicity of some substances increases or the solubility decreases. Therefore, the biotransformation of the liver can be regarded as "detoxification" in general.

Significance: Metabolic detoxification: chemical (toxicity) - intermediate product (low toxicity or no toxicity) - product (non-toxic); Metabolic Activation: Chemical (non-toxic) - Intermediate product (toxic) - Product (non-toxic).

The physiological significance of biotransformation lies in the fact that it transforms non-nutrients in the body, reduces or disappears the biological activity of bioactive substances, or reduces or disappears the toxicity of toxic substances. More importantly, biotransformation increases the solubility of these substances and turns them into substances that are easily excreted from bile or urine.

After the biotransformation of some substances by the liver, their toxicity increases or their solubility decreases, and they are not easy to excrete from the body. Therefore, the biotransformation of the liver cannot be regarded as "detoxification" in general.

Biotransformation refers to the metabolic process in which the chemical structure of a poison changes after being catalyzed by enzymes, that is, the poison has a qualitative change. Biotransformation is an important event that occurs before a poison is eliminated in an organism, and its typical outcome is the production of non-toxic or low-toxic metabolites. Therefore, biotransformation has been equated with detoxification.

However, in many cases, biotransformation produces toxic metabolites that can cause tissue damage. The biotransformation at this time is called bioactivation. Also known as poisoning.

The essence of biotransformation refers to the metabolic transformation of exogenous chemicals in the body catalyzed by a variety of enzymes

Biotransformation is an important part of the body's disposal of exogenous chemicals, and it is the main mechanism for the body to maintain homeostasis. The liver is the main organ of biotransformation, and enzymes related to biotransformation exist in hepatocyte microsomes, cytosoles, mitochondria and other parts. Other tissues such as kidney, gastrointestinal tract, lungs, ** and placenta can also undergo certain biotransformation, but the liver is the most important and has the strongest biotransformation function.

Certain foreign substances can affect the activity of enzymes in the body that are involved in the biotransformation of the body, and this effect is the inhibition of the enzyme. Some foreign substances can reduce the activity of some enzymes, thereby reducing the metabolic rate of foreign substances, prolonging their residence time in the body and increasing their toxicity.

Expand your knowledge:

Explanation of the noun of transformation:

Biotransformation refers to the structural changes that occur when a drug is excreted from the body after it has exerted its effect. Biotransformation is an important part of the body's disposal of exogenous chemicals, and it is the main mechanism for the body to maintain homeostasis. The liver is the main organ of biotransformation, and enzymes related to biotransformation exist in hepatocyte microsomes, cytosoles, mitochondria and other parts.

Transformation is the process of introducing DNA molecules carrying certain genetic information into the host cell, and through the homologous recombination between DNAs, biological cells with new genetic traits are obtained. Transformation is known as transformation by automatically acquiring or artificially supplying exogenous DNA to enable cells or cultured recipient cells to acquire a new genetic phenotype.

What does biotransformation meanBiotransformation refers to the structural changes that occur when a drug is excreted from the body after exerting its effect. Biotransformation is an important part of the body's disposal of exogenous chemicals, and it is the main mechanism for the body to maintain homeostasis.

The liver is the main organ of biotransformation, and enzymes related to biotransformation exist in hepatocyte microsomes, cytosol, mitochondria and other parts. Other tissues such as kidney, gastrointestinal tract, lungs, filial piety and placenta can also undergo certain biotransformation, but the liver is the most important and has the strongest biotransformation function.

Biotransformation refers to the passage of the poison.

The metabolic process catalyzed by enzymes in which the chemical structure changes, that is, the poison has a qualitative change.

Characteristics: Toxic reagents respond to important events that occur before they are eliminated in the organism, with the typical outcome being the production of non-toxic or low-toxic metabolites. Therefore, biotransformation has been equated with detoxification.

In many cases, biotransformation produces toxic metabolites that can cause tissue damage. The biotransformation at this time is called bioactivation.

Reduces the polarity of most chemical poisons.

Improves the water solubility of most chemical poisons.

The meaning of biotransformation is:

Reduces the toxicity of chemical poisons.

It is highly toxic, and even produces mutagenic, teratogenic and carcinogenic effects.

Reduces the polarity of most chemical poisons.

Improves the water solubility of most chemical poisons.

Biotransformation is the transformation of non-nutrients in the body, so that the biological activity of the biological potato is reduced or disappears, or detoxified, or the solubility is increased, and it is easy to be excreted from the body.

Biotransformation increases the solubility of these substances and turns them into substances that are easily excreted from bile or urine.

Biotransformation is an important part of the body's disposal of exogenous chemicals, and it is the main mechanism for the body to maintain the homeostasis of the number of slow sheds.

Biotransformation refers to the metabolic transfer of exogenous chemicals in the body catalyzed by a variety of enzymes.

Regarding the statement about the characteristics of biotransformation, it is incorrect (that the biotransformation effect is equal to the detoxification effect of the liver).

a. Some substances need to go through a variety of reactions continuously to achieve the purpose of biotransformation.

b. Regret that the same non-nutrient substance can undergo different types of biotransformation reactions.

c. The main way for the body to metabolize drugs and avoid drug accumulation.

d. Carcinogens may be generated.

e. Biotransformation is equal to the detoxification of the liver.

The answer is E. <>

1) The concept of biotransformation:

Many non-nutrients have certain biological effects or potential effects on the human body, and long-term accumulation is harmful to the human body. Before the body excretes these non-nutrients, it needs to metabolically transform them to make them more water-soluble, more polar, and easier to excrete through bile or urine, a process called biotransformation. The liver is the most important organ for biotransformation.

Endogenous substances include the products of the metabolism of substances in the body or metabolic intermediates (such as amines, bilirubin, etc.) and some substances with strong biological activity to the body such as hormones and neurotransmitters to be inactivated after exerting physiological effects.

Exogenous substances are foreign substances that the human body inevitably comes into contact with in daily life and/or production processes, such as drugs, poisons, environmental chemical pollutants, food additives, putrefaction products absorbed from the intestines, etc.

2) Characteristics (significance) of biotransformation:

Detoxification Biotransformation metabolizes most non-nutrients in the body, reducing or eliminating their biological activity (inactivation), or reducing or eliminating the toxicity of toxic substances (detoxification).

Detoxification increases the solubility and polarity of certain non-nutrients through biotransformation, making them easier to excrete from bile or urine.

It should be noted that some non-nutrients have increased solubility after hepatic biotransformation, but their toxicity increases; Some may also have decreased lysis and are not easy to excrete from the body. Therefore, the biotransformation of the liver cannot simply be called "detoxification".