What causes glaucoma? What causes glaucoma?

There are many causes of glaucoma, which are as follows:

1. Anatomical factors: especially primary angle-closure glaucoma, which has the characteristics of short eye axis, shallow anterior chamber, thick lens, and small corneal diameter, resulting in narrow anterior chamber angle, obstruction of aqueous humor outflow, and increased intraocular pressure;

2. Age and gender: open-angle glaucoma mostly occurs in young people over 18 years old or young and middle-aged people, and the incidence of patients with high myopia increases, and there is no obvious gender difference at present. More than 68% of patients with angle-closure glaucoma are over 45 years old, and there are more women than men.

3. Systemic diseases: especially diabetes mellitus can cause diabetic retinopathy, which can then lead to neovascular glaucoma;

4. Drugs: common hormonal glaucoma;

5. Genetic factors: most glaucoma patients have a hereditary family history.

Causes of glaucoma:

1. Genetic factors.

Glaucoma is hereditary, about 30% of patients, and their immediate relatives have patients with glaucoma, which is caused by genetic lesions, and the heritability is relatively strong.

2. Bad living habits.

The occurrence of glaucoma is also related to poor lifestyle habits. For example, smoking, alcoholism, and daily life are all likely to lead to the occurrence of glaucoma.

3. Mental factors.

The occurrence of glaucoma is also directly related to the mental factors of the patient, and the probability of suffering from this disease is very large for people who have been in a negative and depressed state for a long time, and excessive mood swings are also an important cause of glaucoma.

Everyone's eyeballs have a certain amount of pressure, if there is no pressure, you can't see anything, but this pressure has a certain range, if it exceeds this range, it will lead to the growth of your own intraocular pressure, which causes the occurrence of glaucoma, which is now the most common cause of glaucoma, and when glaucoma appears, you will obviously feel that your vision is not as good as before, and you will often feel blurry when you see things.

When the pressure in the eye exceeds the maximum level that your eye can tolerate, it is called glaucoma when it causes a series of visual impairments such as optic nerve damage, visual field defects and vision loss. But with the rapid development of medicine, the definition of glaucoma has a new concept. Many people with high intraocular pressure do not develop glaucoma, while some people with normal intraocular pressure can further develop a gradual reduction in visual field and optic nerve damage.

Therefore, the average value of intraocular pressure measurement should not be used as the standard for the diagnosis of glaucoma, but should also be combined with other tests.

Glaucoma can be divided into two categories: primary glaucoma and secondary glaucoma. Patients with primary glaucoma generally have anatomic factors, such as small eyeballs, short axes, farsightedness, and shallow anterior chambers. Glaucoma can be triggered by mood swings, staying in a dark place for too long, and reading with your head down for a long time.

In severe cases, it can lead to an acute major attack, and if not timely, it can lead to permanent blindness. The secondary occurrence of glaucoma is mostly due to trauma, inflammation, hemorrhage, tumors, etc., which destroys the structure of the angle of the atrial and obstructs the drainage of aqueous humor, resulting in an increase in intraocular pressure. In conclusion, glaucoma is caused by the inability of the water produced in the eye to drain properly.

Acute onset is generally seen in angle-closure glaucoma, which is a middle-aged and senile disease, the age of onset is mostly over 40 years old, especially 50 and 70 years old, and women are 24 times more than men. Symptoms include: eye pain, sharp loss of vision and ipsilateral migraine, and even nausea, vomiting, increased body temperature and rapid pulse; bulbar conjunctival injection, corneal edema, very shallow anterior chamber, enlarged pupils, opacity of the lens, high intraocular pressure, and hard as stone.

It is important to note that there are also patients with glaucoma who have high intraocular pressure but no symptoms, but the consequences are more serious, and some patients are already blind before they are discovered, at which point it is too late.

And there are many types of glaucoma, so of course the reasons for the formation of different types are different, and even some patients do not have any symptoms even if the intraocular pressure is relatively high, in fact, this has already occurred some lesions in their eyes, if it is not detected in time, there will be a risk of blindness, and it will be too late to go to ** at this time.

According to the age of onset, it can be infantile glaucoma and juvenile glaucoma, glaucoma under the age of 30 belongs to this category, the cause of congenital glaucoma is due to the abnormal development of the anterior chamber angle during embryonic development, resulting in obstruction of aqueous humor discharge, causing intraocular pressure to rise, 25-80% of patients show it within half a year, 90% of children can be diagnosed at the age of one year, and 10% of patients have symptoms at the age of 1-6 years. [3]

1.Infantile glaucoma: generally 0-3 years old glaucoma children are classified into this category, this glaucoma type is the most common congenital glaucoma, the disease in the mother, immediately or slowly after birth symptoms, generally binocular lesions, but not necessarily at the same time, there are also 25-30% of children with monocular disease, the clinical manifestations are obvious protrusion of the eyeball after birth, quite similar to the eyes of cows, so called "bull's eyes", fear of light, tears, like to rub the eyes, blepharospasm, corneal opacity, easy to cry, poor diet or vomiting, The key to the prognosis of this type is to make a timely and correct diagnosis, because the eye wall of the child is in the development stage, the intraocular pressure may be normal, and the fundus examination is not easy to cooperate, so the lack of glaucoma is rich.

2.Juvenile glaucoma: the age of onset is between 3-30 years old, this type of clinical manifestations are similar to open-angle glaucoma, the onset is hidden, the harm is great, in recent years, this type mostly occurs in myopia patients and has a rising incidence, more than 90% of patients do not show typical glaucoma symptoms, but with "myopia, visual fatigue, headache, insomnia", and even unconsciously blind to come to the doctor, detailed examination only to know that it is glaucoma, some patients found glaucoma, but they mistakenly think, I don't feel anything now, my eyesight is okay, it can't be as serious as the doctor said, I am really blind, and it is too late to regret it at that time, so I can only spend my life in the dark in pain.

Glaucoma can be caused by:

1. Systemic diseases of the eyes. Glaucoma is an eye disease caused by systemic pathological changes after visceral lung dysfunction, which is not only caused by a variety of lesions, but also leads to further aggravation of other lesions, including local trauma, vitreous changes, retinopathy and other common causes.

2. Genetic factors. Glaucoma is a polygenic inherited disease and tends to be more common if there is a family history.

3. Refractive factors. If there is a refractive error, then the incidence of the patient's friend will be higher, and nearly 1:3 of the myopic patients will have open-angle glaucoma.

4. Age and gender. Open-angle glaucoma, which is often seen in people in their thirties, does not show a significant difference, while angle-closure glaucoma is more common in people over the age of 40 and is more common in women than men.

5. Bad living habits. If people often have a regular lifestyle, irregular diet, moodiness, and habitual constipation, then glaucoma may also be triggered.

Primary glaucoma is divided into angle-closure glaucoma and open-angle glaucoma according to the state of the anterior chamber angle when the intraocular pressure increases, and the angle-closure glaucoma is divided into acute angle-closure glaucoma and chronic angle-closure glaucoma according to the severity of the onset.

1.Acute angle-closure glaucoma.

The occurrence of acute angle-closure glaucoma is caused by the sudden narrowing or closure of the atrial angle in the eye, and the aqueous humor cannot be discharged in time, causing the aqueous humor to be full and the intraocular pressure to rise sharply. It is more common in middle-aged and elderly people, 90% of them are over 40 years old, and the incidence rate of women is higher, the ratio of men to women is 1:4, the onset is violent, the symptoms are acute, and there may be transient or repeated small seizures before the acute onset, which is manifested as sudden foggy vision and rainbow vision, accompanied by forehead pain or soreness at the base of the nose.

At the onset of the disease, the anterior chamber is stenosis or completely closed, and the symptoms are sudden onset of severe eye swelling, eye pain, photophobia, tearing, headache, sharp loss of vision, hard as stones, conjunctival hyperemia, accompanied by nausea and vomiting and other systemic symptoms. An acute attack can be followed by a chronic phase of persistent optic nerve damage until the optic nerve is severely damaged and vision is reduced to an absolute phase of lossless and irreversible.

2.Chronic angle-closure glaucoma.

The age of onset is over 30 years old. This type of attack generally has obvious triggers, such as emotional agitation, visual fatigue, excessive use of eyes and brain, long-term insomnia, habitual constipation, women during menstruation, or improper local and systemic medication, etc., can be induced, manifested as dry eyes, fatigue and discomfort, swelling pain, blurred vision or decreased vision, rainbow vision, dizziness, insomnia, increased blood pressure, and can be relieved after rest. Some patients can be blind without any symptoms, and the intraocular pressure may be normal or fluctuating during examination, or not too high, 20 30 mmHg, and the fundus may be normal in the early stage, which is most likely to be misdiagnosed.

In this way, once the anterior chamber angle is adhered to and closed, fulminant glaucoma can be formed.

There are four early symptoms: Frequent eye strain and discomfort. Eyes are often sore, which is relieved by rest. Blurred vision, myopia, or sudden deepening of presbyopia. Eyes often feel dry.

3.Primary open-angle glaucoma.

It mostly occurs in people over 40 years old, 25% of patients have a family history, the vast majority of patients have no obvious symptoms, often the disease develops to an advanced stage, and the visual function is severely impaired before it is noticed, although the patient's intraocular pressure is elevated, the anterior chamber angle is always open.

Glaucoma is an eye disease caused by intermittent or persistent elevation of pressure in the eye. Elevated intraocular pressure can manifest itself in a variety of different ways. Persistently high intraocular pressure can cause damage to all parts of the eye and visual function, resulting in vision loss and reduced visual field.

Glaucoma** is also associated with anatomical factors, such as shallow anterior chamber, short axial eye, thick lens, and short corneal diameter, resulting in narrowing of the anterior chamber angle, impaired drainage of aqueous humor, increased intraocular pressure, and glaucoma formation.

The disease is clear. A group of the most common, severe, irreversible blinding eye diseases caused by pathological intraocular hypertension caused by various factors, or optic nerve damage caused by other factors.

Why do you get glaucoma?

Primary glaucoma: genetically related, it is a polygenic disorder whose exact mechanism is not fully understood, and some studies have linked it to certain genetic abnormalities [1].

Congenital glaucoma: Abnormalities in the angle and drainage channels of the aqueous humor due to the inhibition of the development of the trabecular meshwork and anterior chamber angle [1].

Mixed glaucoma: caused by two or more types of glaucoma**.

There are many nerve cells on our eyeballs, and there are axons on nerve cells, which will continue to the brain, and the eyeballs are connected to the brain through the optic nerve. At present, pathological intraocular pressure is the main risk factor for glaucoma, and the longer the duration of intraocular pressure, the greater the chance of developing glaucoma and the more severe the visual impairment.

One of the main reasons is optic nerve atrophy, and then gradually it slowly turns into glaucoma.

The pathogenesis of glaucoma is very complex because it is a group of diseases, not a single disease, it mainly includes primary glaucoma, secondary glaucoma, and congenital glaucoma. But at the end of the day, there are two main causes: glaucoma caused by excessive intraocular secretion and glaucoma caused by obstruction of the outflow tract of intraocular aqueous humor.

Glaucoma is a disease in which nerves and visual fields are damaged by increased intraocular pressure. There is a part of the water-based component in the eyeball called waterproofing, which plays an important role in maintaining and regulating the pressure in the eye. If the passage is obstructed, it causes pressure in the eyeball to increase, resulting in glaucoma.

Glaucoma. Someone in my family has glaucoma. As I understand it, glaucoma is a blockage of the anterior and posterior penetrating pipes of the eye.

So you can see the water but can't get out, just like a ball is inflated and overfilled. It's swollen. The pressure in the eyes is very high, so you can't see clearly, and if you can't see anything in a serious way.

What causes glaucoma? Glaucoma can be caused by spending a lot of time watching TV. Therefore, glaucoma is caused by bright light.

Glaucoma is due to mental factors, which can easily induce diseases and lead to physical discomfort due to prolonged exposure to stressful environments. You can actively regulate your emotions in your life, so that the problems of tension and anxiety can be relieved, so as to reduce the incidence of glaucoma.

2.In life, many people will think that smoking and drinking will not cause any harm to the eyes, not if you are under greater pressure for a long time, it will easily lead to various diseases, if you have the habit of smoking and drinking, it is best to quit or reduce smoking and drinking, so as to stay away from the damage of glaucoma.

3.Being in the habit of picky eating for a long time can easily lead to a lack of nutrients in the body, and glaucoma will come to the door, so maintaining good eating habits in life is the first step to help everyone stay away from diseases. You can actively adjust your eating habits and take in balanced nutrition.

4.Due to genetic glaucoma disease, if it cannot be carried out in time, it is easy to lead to glaucoma and there are many factors that induce glaucoma, so if you want to stay away from harm, you should start from the bits and pieces of life and actively prevent it, so as to help reduce the damage.