Who told me about the causes of the formation of coal, fossils, soil, rocks

Coal is a layer of extremely thick black humus accumulated on the ground by the branches and rhizomes of plants for millions of years, which is continuously buried in the ground due to the changes in the earth's crust, isolated from the air for a long time, and under high temperature and high pressure, after a series of complex physical and chemical changes and other factors, the formation of black combustible fossils, which is the formation process of coal.

While whether or not an organism can form fossils depends on many factors, three factors are fundamental:

1) Organic matter must have hard parts, such as shells, bones, teeth, or woody tissue. However, under very favorable conditions, even very fragile organisms, such as insects or jellyfish, are able to turn into fossils.

2) Creatures must be avoided from destruction immediately after death. If a creature's body is partially crushed, decayed, or severely weathered, this may alter or eliminate the possibility of the organism becoming fossilized.

3) Organisms must be quickly buried by something that hinders decomposition. And the type of material that is buried usually depends on the environment in which the organism lives. The remains of marine animals are often fossilized because they die and sink to the bottom of the sea, covered in soft mud.

Soft mud becomes shale or limestone in later geological epochs. Fine-grained sediments are less likely to damage the remains of living organisms. In certain fine-grained sedimentary rocks of the Jurassic period in Germany, fossils of fragile organisms such as birds, insects, jellyfish, etc., are well preserved.

Soil is made up of three types of substances: solids, liquids, and gases. Solid matter includes soil minerals, organic matter, and microorganisms. Liquid matter mainly refers to soil moisture.

Gases are the air present in the pores of the soil. These three types of substances in the soil constitute a contradictory unity. They are interconnected, mutually restrictive, provide the necessary living conditions for crops, and are the material basis of soil fertility.

Rocks are naturally occurring assemblages of minerals or glasses with a stable appearance, which are combined in a certain way. It is the material basis that makes up the earth's crust and upper mantle. According to the genesis, it is divided into magmatic rocks, sedimentary rocks and metamorphic rocks.

Among them, magmatic rock is a rock formed by the condensation of high-temperature molten magma on the surface or underground, also known as igneous rock or ejecta rock; Sedimentary rocks are rocks formed by the transport, sedimentation and diagenetic consolidation of the products of weathering, biological and volcanic processes under surface conditions through the transport, sedimentation and diagenetic consolidation of external forces such as water, air and glaciers. Metamorphic rocks are pre-formed magmatic rocks, sedimentary rocks or metamorphic rocks that are formed by metamorphism due to changes in the geological environment in which they are located.

Coal is a fossil fuel that gradually forms plant remains in a properly buried and reducing environment.

Fossils are formed after the remains of organisms have been buried, compacted, and consolidated into rocks.

Soil is formed by the weathering of rocks and the modification of organic matter from biological remains.

Rocks are formed by the condensation of magma or by the compacting and consolidation of sediments.

Categories: Education Academic Exams.

Analysis: Causes of the formation of coal:

The reason for the formation of coal is that the remains of ancient plants are overlapped layer by layer, and after a long period of biological action by bacteria, as well as crustal changes, environmental high temperature, high pressure and other factors, these substances are converted into coal through coalification. In the process of coalification, methane (the main component of natural gas) is also produced, some of which escapes into the atmosphere, and some of which is enclosed in the earth's crust to form gas reservoirs, which is one of the main causes of the dangers of coal mining.

Reasons for the formation of fossils:

Some of the hard structures in plants and animals, such as the hard shells or bones of living organisms, are replaced by minerals.

Causes of soil formation:

The formation of soil is affected by natural factors (parent material, climate, topography, biology, time) and artificial cultivation, etc., and through different soil-forming processes (such as primitive soil-forming process, organic matter accumulation process, viscosity process, decalcification and calcium accumulation process, salinization and desalination overaccumulation, alkalinization and dealkalizing process, ashing process, aluminization process, latent cultivation and recubation process, white pulping process, maturation process) different soil development levels (such as overburden layer, leaching layer, alluvial layer, parent material layer, parent rock layers) and profile morphological characteristics (e.g., soil color, soil structure, soil texture, soil tightness and pore condition, soil moisture, new organisms, and intrusions) to form a wide variety of soils (e.g., black soil, white soil, loess, red soil, cotton soil, and soil).

earth, clay, sand, etc.).

Reasons for the formation of rocks:

Now, with the help of advanced equipment, scientists have figured out the ins and outs of the rocks.

If calculated by mass, about 3 4 of the rocks in the earth's crust are formed by the cooling and condensation of magma in the earth's interior, which is called "magmatic rock" or "igneous rock". Granite is a magmatic rock. On Earth, you can still see the hard rock Biqiao formed by the cooling of liquid magma with a temperature of more than 1,000 after a volcanic eruption.

Magmatic rocks are formed underground, so they are not distributed much on the surface and are generally buried deep underground.

A small number of rocks are sediment, minerals and biological remains that have been deposited under rivers and lakes and oceans for a long time, and have been compacted and cemented for a long time, and under the action of heat in the earth's interior, they have become rocks, which are called "sedimentary rocks", such as sandstone, shale and limestone. Although sedimentary rocks do not occupy a large proportion, they are mostly distributed on the surface of the earth, so they are easy to see.

After the formation of magmatic rocks and sedimentary rocks, the properties and structure of the earth's crust are changed by the action of high temperature and high pressure, and another type of rock is formed, such as quartzite, marble, etc.

For example, metamorphic rocks buried in the ground can be pushed to the surface by crustal movements, and new sedimentary rocks can be formed on the surface. Thus, the famous biologist Linnaeus said: "Hard rock is not primitive, but the daughter of time."

Indeed, rocks are transformed by other substances through the action of various conditions over a long period of time.

AbstractAfter being buried in the ground, trees evolve into different forms due to the different geological environments in which they are located. Fossils are generally the organic components of trees that are gradually lost, decomposed and volatilized after a period of time, and the minerals, inorganic matter, electrolytes, etc. in the rock or soil gradually penetrate into the internal compounding, precipitation and crystallization of the wood and are formed.

Are there any fossilized wood? So how to explain the formation of coal? How is the difference between the two?

After being buried in the ground, the trees evolve into different forms depending on the geological environment in which they are located. Fossils are generally the organic components of trees that are gradually lost, decomposed and volatilized after a period of time, and the minerals, inorganic matter, electrolytes, etc. in the rock or soil gradually penetrate into the internal compounding, precipitation and crystallization of the wood and are formed.

Coal is formed by plants in the absence of oxygen, high temperature, and high pressure. In the case of high temperature and oxygen, the carbon-water compounds of the plant body are decomposed and recombined to form a medium composed of a variety of organic and inorganic components and volatile components, mainly carbon black. Due to the high pressure at the depths of the earth, the medium is much denser than wood, and at the same time, many minerals and non-metals (such as:

sulfur) and radioactive materials can also leach into the coal.

Fossils and coal are generally distributed in ".Sedimentary rocksMedium.

Sedimentary rocks are rocks formed by the consolidation of loose sediments that are stacked in layers. It is a rock formed by diagenesis in the process of crustal development and evolution, under the conditions of normal temperature and pressure on the surface or close to the surface of the earth, the damage products of any pregenetic rock (that is, the rock that existed before) are subjected to weathering and denudation, as well as the sedimentary layer formed by the products of biological and volcanic processes in situ or transported by external forces. On the Earth's surface, 70% of the rocks are sedimentary.

Sedimentary rocks mainly include limestone, sandstone, shale, etc.

Coal, also called coal, is a layer of extremely thick black humus formed by the accumulation of plants on the ground in ancient times, due to the surface soil and sand cover and the changes of the earth's crust are constantly buried in the ground, isolated from the air for a long time, and under high temperature and high pressure, after a series of complex physical and chemical changes and other factors, formedBlack combustible sedimentary rocksThis is how coal is formed.

Fossils are the remains of paleontology, relics, or relics that remain in ancient strata. The remains of these creatures after their death, or the traces left over from their lives, were buried by the sediment of the time, and in the years that followed, the organic matter in the remains of these creatures was decomposed, and the hard parts such as the shells, bones, branches and leaves were surrounded by themsedimentsTogether, they were petrified and turned into stone.

Stone coal: a polymetallic symbiotic ore with low carbon content, low calorific value and low grade, which is transformed by the decay and coalification of biological remains such as chaus and algae in the grinding period of geological time 4 to 500 million years ago in a shallow sea environment. High-quality stone coal with high carbon content is black, with semi-bright luster and few impurities; Stone coal with less carbon content is grayish, dull and dull, mixed with more pyrite, quartz veins and phosphorus and calcareous nodules.

The calorific value of stone coal is not high, generally about 800 kcal per kilogram, and it is a low calorific value fuel.

Fossil formation.

Today, we can't artificially create fossils in the strict sense of the word through experiments, but we can reveal the process of fossil formation through simulations or the study of strata. The discipline that specializes in the process of burial and petrification of the remains, relics, and relics of living organisms is called burial science in the branch of geological and geohistory.

Burial science tells us that in the process of the evolution of life on earth for various reasons, only a very small part of them have been preserved to form fossils due to adaptation to the geological environment, and the vast majority of them are no longer known to exist. There are generally several necessary conditions for the formation of fossils:

1.The body of the organism must have a certain amount of hard body, including bones, teeth, shells, stems, leaf veins, spores, and pollen. Of course, there are very special exceptions, such as the imprint of a jellyfish.

2.Rapid burial After death or even when alive, organisms are quickly buried for special reasons, so that they are better preserved because they are better protected from decomposers, mechanical and chemical actions or destruction.

3.The long years of petrification itself is a very long process, and the situations that may occur in this process are: buried in situ and the earth's crustal activity is relatively stable, in this case, the fossils are generally richer, and the fossil shape is relatively complete, such as the famous North American asphalt pit fossil group; Buried in other places, after the death of organisms, they have undergone transportation from place A to place B for a variety of reasons, and most of these fossils have varying degrees of damage.