Xu Xiake s main achievements, what are Xu Xiake s main achievements?

Xu Xiake.

Brief introduction. Xu Xiake (1586-1641), known as Hongzu, Zhenzhi, Xiake, was born in Jiangyin, Jiangsu. Ming geographer, traveler and writer.

After 30 years of investigation, he wrote the 600,000-word "Xu Xiake's Travels", which opened up a new direction for the systematic observation and description of nature in geography. It is not only a geographical masterpiece that systematically investigates the geology of the motherland, but also a huge tourist work that depicts the scenery and resources of Huaxia, and a literary masterpiece with beautiful words, which has a far-reaching influence at home and abroad. In recent years, it has become a new fashion in China's tourism industry to regard Xu Xiake as a saint, follow in the footsteps of Xu Xiake, and visit the great rivers and mountains of the motherland.

Influenced by the culture of the cultivated and reading family, Xu Xiake was studious and well-read at an early age, especially fond of the Dijing Tuzhi. The young man set up the travel ambition of "the big husband should be facing the blue sea and the twilight". Xu Xiake's travel career can be roughly divided into three stages:

The first stage is the preparation stage for the tour before the age of 28. The focus was on studying the geographical and cultural heritage of the motherland, and visiting Taihu Lake, Mount Tai and other places with interest, leaving no travel notes.

The second stage is the first part of the Ji tour from the age of 28 (1613) to the age of 48 (1633), which lasted for 20 years, and visited the famous mountains of Zhejiang, Fujian, Huangshan and Songshan, Wutai, Huashan and Hengshan in the north. But the travelogue was written in only one volume, which is about one-tenth of the book.

The third stage is from the age of 51 (1636) to the age of 54 (1639) for the second stage of the Ji You, which lasted 4 years, visited Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Huguang, Yunnan and Guizhou and other mountains and rivers in the south of the Yangtze River, and wrote 9 volumes of travelogue.

Xu Xiake's footprints cover 19 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions. He was not afraid of hardships and dangers, and he was robbed three times and starved of food several times, but he still moved forward bravely and rigorously recorded the results of his observations. Until he entered Lijiang, Yunnan, when he was unable to walk due to foot disease, he still insisted on compiling "Travelogue" and "Mountain Chronicles", and basically completed the 600,000-word "Xu Xiake's Travels".

At the age of 55 (1640), the Yunnan local government sent Xu Xiake back to Jiangyin by car and boat. At the age of 56 (1641), he died at home in the first month. The posthumous works were compiled into books by Ji Huiming and others, and were widely circulated.

Xu Xiake: Xu Xiake, a great geographer in the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, made fruitful scientific achievements and made great contributions to the development of geography through his arduous exploration and unremitting climbing, leaving behind a scientific masterpiece that shocked the world - "Xu Xiake's Travels". This monumental work is the world's earliest and most abundant document on limestone karst geomorphology.

Another outstanding contribution of Xu Xiake is the scientific determination of the source of the Yangtze River. In addition, Xu Xiake also conducted research on the sources of waterways such as the Panjiang River, the Zuojiang River, the Youjiang River, the Longchuan River, the Luchuan River, the Lancang River, the Lujiang River, and the Longjiang River.

It's just a person who loves to travel, and I took some notes.

Xu Xiake is a famous geographer, explorer and traveler in the history of our country.

Xu Xiake is not only the author of the complete geographical masterpiece "Xu Xiake's Travels".

Moreover, he visited the famous mountains and rivers of our country, and the information he recorded played a very important role in the development of scenic spots and the utilization of resources.

Xu Xiake's patriotic spirit, scientific spirit, and practical spirit have left valuable spiritual wealth for future generations.

Xu Xiake is a pioneer in the world of scientific investigation of limestone landforms.

During the more than 30 years of Xu Xiake's travel and investigation, without the support of others, he successively carried out four long-distance treks in the dust chain, covering 21 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions such as Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shandong, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Hebei, Henan, Anhui, Jiangxi, Fujian, Guangdong, Hunan, Hubei, Guangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan and Beijing, Tianjin and Shanghai, covering most of China.

What is even more valuable is that in the more than 30 years of travel and investigation, he mainly relied on trekking on foot, rarely even riding horses and boats, and often carried his own luggage to hurry. Most of the places he visited were desolate and remote villages, or inaccessible frontier areas, and he encountered several times that his life was in danger, and he was born and died, and tasted the hardships of the journey.

Xu Xiake's travels have enabled him to make achievements in the investigation and research of mountains, waterways, geology and geomorphology. Xu Xiake was also a pioneer in the world in scientific investigation of limestone landforms. Xu Xiake made detailed investigations in Hunan, Guangxi, Guizhou and Yunnan, and made detailed descriptions, records and studies of different limestone landforms in various places.

He didn't have any instruments, he relied solely on visual steps, but most of his expeditions were very scientific.

Limestone terrain:

The development of limestone topography is carried out in the process of topographic evolution due to erosion by water flows. The main feature of the limestone terrain is the downward annihilation of flowing water. Therefore, regional hydrology is not subsurface and cannot be called the development of standard limestone topography.

The ground and rivers are not completely limestone terrain, but rather canyons that do not dry up all year round, and most of them are the places where the crossing rivers flow. The upper reaches of such rivers develop in impervious places, where there is sufficient water to flow through.

Only absorbent stone town brother noisy limestone area. Therefore, the transit river was not exclusive to limestone (e.g., Changxi in the Ruyuan Plateau, Guijiang in Guilin, etc.). If it is a canyon formed by the collapse of the top of an underground river, it can be represented as the remains of the limestone terrain, the shape of a plateau; As a result, it gradually shattered and became a peak forest terrain.