Who was Xu Xiake in the Ming Dynasty? What kind of life experience does Xu Xiake have?

Xu Xiake (January 5, 1587 - March 8, 1641), known as Hongzu, Zhenzhi, Xiake, was a native of Jiangyin, Nanzhili (now Jiangyin City, Jiangsu). A geographer, traveler and writer in the Ming Dynasty, he wrote the 600,000-word geographical masterpiece "Xu Xiake's Travels" after 30 years of investigation, and was known as "the strange man of the ages".

Xu Xiake has been determined to live in all directions, covering 21 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions today, "reaching the unattained by people, exploring the unknown of people", exploring the secluded and mysterious, and recording travelogues, recording the various phenomena, humanities, geography, animals and plants and other conditions observed.

The opening day of Xu Xiake's Travels (May 19) is designated as China Tourism Day.

Xu Xiake was born in a scholarly family, due to the influence of his father, Xu Xiake did not seek fame or fortune in his life, but only pursued the joy of mountains and rivers. Xu Xiake has a fiery pursuit of great rivers and mountains, and without help, he has traveled to 16 provinces in China, including Guizhou, Anhui, Jiangsu, Hebei, Henan, Shanxi, Guangdong, and Yunnan, which can be said to have traveled through most of China. Xu Xiake's love for tourism makes us admire, he not only enjoys the happiness brought to him by the landscape, he also recorded this happiness, he recorded what he saw and heard in the process of traveling in his life, and wrote the most famous geographical travelogue "Xu Xiake's Travels" during the Ming Dynasty in China.

Xu Xiake worked hard for his dream all his life, whether it was sleeping on the top of the mountain, or the danger did not stop him from moving forward, and finally he finally fulfilled his wish to travel all over the great rivers and mountains of my country. In 1640, when he was 51 years old, he returned to his hometown after enjoying the beautiful scenery of present-day Hengshan Mountain, and died in the same year.

Although Xu Xiake's life did not enjoy any glory and wealth, it can even be said that he lived a life of eating and sleeping in the open many times, but his heart was full, he not only fulfilled his dream, but also left a precious geographical masterpiece for future generations, and his deeds and spirit will never be indelible. <>

Xu Xiake, known as Hongzu, the word Zhenzhi, was an outstanding geographer and traveler in the Ming Dynasty, and a native of Nanyangqi, Ma Town, Jiangyin, Zhili in the Southern Ming Dynasty. He despised the powerful, refused to pursue official careers, read a wide range of books, and was determined to investigate the mysteries of mountains and rivers. During the journey, Xu Xiake always recorded the experiences and observations of the day.

Sometimes I traveled hundreds of miles a day, slept in the ruins, and was reckless, but still insisted on burning the withered grass for lighting, and took the pen as a memory. These travelogues cover the geography, landforms, geology, hydrology, climate, plants, agriculture, mining, handicrafts, transportation, as well as places of interest, customs and customs of the places he visited. "Xu Xiake's Travels" is a hymn to the great mountains and rivers of the motherland composed by his life's painstaking efforts, and it is a bright and dazzling wonder in the ancient scientific and cultural garden of our country, which not only has extremely high scientific value, but also has high literary value, and is known as "a strange book through the ages".

The faint sunlight shines through the lilac tree in front of the window into the private school's room. After a light cough, the silver-haired and thin-faced teacher sat down and sang and read a passage from "Xunzi" in a solemn tone: "...Therefore, if you don't accumulate steps, you can't reach thousands of miles; If you don't accumulate small streams, you can't become rivers and seas.

Qi Ji jumps, can't take ten steps; Ten horses, the merit is relentless. Perseverance, rotten wood does not break; Perseverance, gold and stone can be carved ......”

After the teacher had read a paragraph, the students began to recite as usual, and the room suddenly burst into the sound of reading. After a while, the teacher asked everyone to be quiet, and called Xu Xiake's name with a serious expression: "You come to recite Xunzi's "Persuasion"!" ”

Xu Xiake's voice was hearty, fluent and calmly recited the article. The friends cast admiration and envy at him. The teacher smiled and said approvingly: "Hongzu is indeed a good child who reads hard!" ”

In 1587, Xu Xiake was born in a deep house compound in Ma Town, Jiangyin, Jiangsu Province. When he was 5 years old, he went to a private school to start his study life.

Xu Xiake grew up slowly in this kind of education of poetry, books and articles. <>

Now everyone's living standard has improved a lot, so everyone will travel everywhere to relieve stress and feel the great rivers and mountains of the motherland in addition to their daily life. Because science and technology are very developed now, it is very convenient and fast to go no matter how far away you go. In the past, when the traffic was very inconvenient, it was very difficult to go to other cities, especially in a dynasty like the Ming Dynasty, and it was very difficult and very bumpy to travel to other places.

So in ancient times, many people never left the place where they lived in their lives, but Xu Xiake was different, he was a very famous traveler in history. <>

Xu Xiake was born in a relatively wealthy family in Jiangsu, and his ancestors were all scholars, so his father also attached great importance to his education. Xu Xiake's father didn't want Xu Xiake to get ahead and gain fame, so after Xu Xiake grew up, he also gave up the scientific expedition to travel all over the country. Therefore, family education is very important to Xu Xiake's influence, which also created the growth of geographer Xu Xiake.

We define Xu Xiake as a geographer because Xu Xiake has made a very significant contribution to our current geographical research, but Xu Xiake traveled to the great rivers and mountains not to do research, but more to appreciate the beautiful scenery of the motherland. Because Xu Xiake has often read a lot of books about travelogues and adventures since he was a child, he is also very curious about the scenery outside, and when he was a child, he wanted to go to various places to see the beauty of the world. <>

But because his mother was not in good health, he didn't dare to go out until his mother persuaded him not to worry about himself, so Xu Xiake decided to go on a trip. Xu Xiake also experienced a lot of difficulties when he traveled around the country, because the science and technology and medical conditions at that time were very backward, so Xu Xiake also experienced the torture of illness during the trip, and of course experienced a lot of dangers. Because many places were unexplored at the time, it was very easy to get injured or chased by wild beasts when traveling.

However, Xu Xiake still did not give up his travel career, with his legs to see the great rivers and mountains of the motherland, and recorded the beautiful scenery and geomorphological characteristics of the motherland, which has made great contributions to our current geographical research.

Xu Xiake likes Chinese scenery very much, so he travels everywhere, and also to write a documentary travelogue, so he travels everywhere.

Because he was taught not to pay too much attention to fame since he was a child, he was very fond of traveling, and his family conditions were relatively good, so he traveled everywhere.

Of course, I want to see more different natural scenery, but also to see more customs, understand what the real geographical environment is like and register, and it is also convenient to record the geographical situation of various places, so that I can conduct research and study by myself in the future.

Mainly because Xu Xiake has had this dream since he was a child, and he also likes to read books related to geography and history.

At the end of the Ming Dynasty, the geographer Xu Hongzu, known as Xiake, wrote the diaries "Xu Xiake's Travels, Visiting Huangshan Diary" and "Xu Xiake's Travels: After Visiting Huangshan Diary".

1. "Although the sky is close and there is no road, the lotus can be climbed and the road is far away." —From the late Ming Dynasty geographer Universiade Xu Hongzu's "Xu Xiake's Travels: Diary of Huangshan Mountain".

Interpretation: Although Tiandu Peak is close, there is no way to go up; There is a way to Lotus Peak, but the distance is very far.

2. "The stone clumps roll the brother beam, and the stone cliff side is cut to help the cliff." —From the late Ming Dynasty geographer Xu Hongzu's "Xu Xiake's Travels: Diary of Huangshan Mountain".

Interpretation: The stones rise from dense clusters and pass through them, and the steep slopes of the stone cliffs climb the cliffs.

3. "All the peaks are subdued, and the lotus flower is the only one and the ear." —From the late Ming Dynasty geographer Xu Hongzu's "Xu Xiake's Travels: Diary of Huangshan Mountain".

Interpretation: "All 10,000 peaks are low at their feet, and only Lotus Peak can compete with them." ”

4. "Yula Xunyang goes through the turbulence to the gully, the north is the Cuiwei mountains, and the south is the Dantai Zhuchen dock, which can probably compete with the lion peak, and it is not comparable to the stalagmites." —From the late Ming Dynasty geographer Xu Hongzu's "Xu Xiake's Travels: After the Diary of Huangshan".

Interpretation: I pulled Deyang Shuweng through the turbulent flow to the valley, to the north is the Cuiwei Peak and other peaks, to the south is the alchemy platform and other mountain docks, the scenery can be roughly with the Lion Peak, but not with the stalagmite class.

5. "The famous mountains at home and abroad are not as good as the Yellow Mountain of the emblem." Climb the Yellow Mountain, there is no mountain in the world, and the view is stopped! It was extended by later generations as "the return of the five mountains does not look at the mountain, and the return of the Yellow Mountain does not look at the mountain". —From the late Ming Dynasty geographer Xu Hongzu's "Xu Xiake's Travels: After the Diary of Huangshan".

Interpretation: The five mountains contain the characteristics of the mountains and rivers in the world, and seeing the five mountains is equivalent to seeing all the mountains in the world. And the Yellow Mountain has the characteristics of the five mountains. A mountain encompasses the mountains of the world. This illustrates the beauty and uniqueness of Huangshan.

6. "But looking at the back of Cuiwei, the peaks and peaks in the dock are staggered, and the upper and lower weeks are reflected, and it is not the strange ear of the endless view." —From the late Ming Dynasty geographer Xu Hongzu's "Xu Xiake's Travels: After the Diary of Huangshan".

Interpretation: Just look down on the back of the green hills, the peaks and peaks in the valley are staggered, and the upper and lower sides reflect each other, and you can't enjoy these wonders if you don't have them on the hill.