What are the three technical elements of sprinkler irrigation?

What are the three technical elements of sprinkler irrigation?

Characteristics of sprinkler irrigation: it is stipulated that farmland irrigation must be evenly dispersed on the irrigated field; At the same time, there is no runoff and no water storage on the ground after spraying, and there is no secondary primary distribution of farmland irrigation.

In addition, spraying water droplets should not destroy the soil colloids in the soil layer, nor should they damage crops, resulting in yield restrictions.

In order to better make sprinkler irrigation achieve the above technical standards, the technical "three elements" of sprinkler irrigation are required, namely, sprinkler irrigation intensity, sprinkler irrigation uniformity and sprinkler irrigation atomization index value. Only when the values of these three performance indicators are not less than those specified in the national industry standards can the actual effects of sprinkler irrigation save water, high yield, soil preservation, soil consolidation and improve crop quality can be achieved in the whole process of sprinkler irrigation.

1 Irrigation intensity.

The irrigation intensity of the sprinkler irrigation system should not exceed the allowable irrigation intensity of the soil layer. Irrigation intensity refers to the amount of water sprayed on the company's area per unit time, which is generally indicated in mm h.

Irrigation intensity includes two definitions: point irrigation intensity Pi and average (surface) irrigation intensity P2. Point sprinkler irrigation intensity refers to the water level h of spraying to the surface layer of the soil layer at a certain point at a certain time t, and the above equation shows that the average sprinkler irrigation intensity p refers to each point in a certain range, and the average sprinkler water level h0 in time t, which is indicated by the above formula.

The national industry standard GBJ85 85 Technical Standard for Sprinkler Irrigation Project requires that for the fixed sprinkler irrigation system, the allowable sprinkler irrigation intensity of different textures can be specified in Table 1. When the pavement slope exceeds 5, the allowable sprinkler irrigation intensity should be reduced according to Table 2.

Table 1: Allowable sprinkler irrigation intensity of various soil layers, allowable sprinkler irrigation intensity of soil type (mm h), allowable sprinkler irrigation intensity (mm h), gravel soil.

20 loam clay 10 sandy soil 15 clay 8 soil 12 Note: When there is excellent covering, the winning bid value can be increased by 20. Table 2: Pavement inclination ( ) Allowable irrigation intensity reduction ( ) Pavement inclination ( ) Allowable irrigation intensity reduction ( ) 5 82013 20609 1240>2075

2 Irrigation symmetry refers to the level of symmetry of the amount of water over the total area of sprinkler irrigation. It is indicated by the calculation formula of sprinkler irrigation uniformity index.

According to the requirements of the national standard: under the wind power of the design scheme, the sprinkler irrigation symmetry index shall not be less than 75, but for the sprinkler irrigation system, it shall not be less than 85.

3. Do the atomization index value.

The pore size of the sprayed water droplets is called the atomization level, which is generally indicated by the ratio of the pressure nozzle hp of the nozzle to the diameter d of the nozzle, that is, the hp d. According to the requirements of national standards, as shown in Table 3: Table 3 Type HP D Vegetables, Fruits and Potted Flowers 4000 5000 Crops, Crops and Peach Trees 3000 4000 Green Feed, Forage Crops, Grassland and Landscaping Trees 2000 3000 Micro Sprinkler Irrigation and Fog Spraying Technology.

In order to make sprinkler irrigation meet the above technical requirements, the technical "three elements" of sprinkler irrigation are stipulated, namely, sprinkler irrigation intensity, sprinkler irrigation uniformity and sprinkler atomization index.

It mainly includes uniformity, then also includes strength, and the last one is the diameter of the water droplet, and then in the process of sprinkler irrigation, we must grasp these three basic elements.

It refers to the intensity of sprinkler irrigation, the uniformity of sprinkler irrigation, the diameter of water droplets, the range of sprinkler irrigation, the depth of sprinkler irrigation, and the intensity of sprinkler irrigation.

As we all know, sprinkler irrigation plays a great role in agricultural irrigation, and has a great role in saving water, saving labor, increasing yield, and improving quality, but there are also some limitations.

1.Spraying operations are greatly affected by wind.

The trajectory of the water droplets sprayed by the sprinkler head is greatly affected by the wind during the process of falling on the ground. Under the influence of wind, the range and water distribution of the sprinkler in all directions will change significantly, which will affect the uniformity of irrigation and even cause leakage. Generally, when the wind force is greater than level 3, the uniformity of spraying and nuclear irrigation will be greatly reduced, and it is not suitable to carry out sprinkler irrigation at this timeIt is advisable to carry out sprinkler irrigation at night when the wind is light.

In areas with windy irrigation season, the adverse effects of wind should be fully considered in equipment selection and planning and design, and other irrigation methods should be considered if it is difficult to solve.

1) Large drift evaporation loss.

The water droplets sprayed by the sprinkler will produce evaporation loss before falling to the ground, and will float out of the irrigation field under windy conditions, resulting in drift loss, especially in the drought, windy and high temperature seasons, the evaporation loss of sprinkler irrigation drift is greater, and the loss is related to wind speed, air temperature and air humidity.

Relate. The evaporation loss of sprinkler irrigation is also related to the atomization degree of the sprinkler, and the higher the atomization degree, the greater the evaporation loss.

2) High investment in equipment.

The sprinkler irrigation system requires a large number of mechanical equipment and pipeline materials, and at the same time, the working pressure of the system is high, and the pressure resistance requirements for its supporting infrastructure are also high, so it requires equipment with high standards, which makes the one-time investment high. The investment in the sprinkler irrigation system is also related to the degree of automation, the higher the degree of automation, the more advanced equipment is needed, and the higher the investment.

4) High energy consumption and operating costs.

The sprinkler irrigation system needs pressurized equipment to provide a certain pressure in order to ensure the normal operation of the sprinkler head and meet the requirements of uniform irrigation, and in the absence of natural water pressure, it is only pressurized by the water pump, which needs to consume a part of the energy (electricity, diesel or gasoline), which increases the operating cost. In order to solve this kind of problem, sprinkler irrigation is currently developing in the direction of low pressure. In addition, it is necessary to make full use of natural water pressure in places where conditions permit, which can greatly reduce operating costs.

5) The surface is more wet, and the deep moisture is insufficient.

Compared with drip irrigation, sprinkler irrigation has a much greater irrigation intensity, so there is a disadvantage of more surface wetness and less deep moisture, which is not good for deep-rooted crops, but if the design is appropriately selected for a lower irrigation intensity, or if the water penetrates into the lower layer with a longer irrigation time, this problem will be greatly alleviated. In addition, for the crops that are still in the seedling stage, because there is no closure, irrigation when using the sprinkler irrigation system, especially when the irrigation and fertilization are combined, on the one hand, it is easy to breed weeds, thereby affecting the normal growth of crops, and on the other hand, it increases the waste of water and fertilizer resources; In the high temperature season, especially in the south, when irrigation is carried out when the sprinkler irrigation system is used, it is easy to form a high temperature and high humidity environment during the growth of crops, which leads to the occurrence and spread of diseases.

The disadvantage should be that it is greatly affected by the wind, and the evaporation of water is also more. If the wind is strong, there are some places where there is no way to pour water in the round hall, so that the orange finch will be a waste of water.

1. It is greatly affected by the wind.

When the wind blows during sprinkler irrigation, it will blow away a large number of water droplets, increasing water loss. The wind will also change the shape of the water tongue and the spray distance, reducing the uniformity of the sprinkler irrigation, so generally in the 3 4 level wind should stop the sprinkler irrigation.

2. Large evaporation loss.

Since the water is sprayed into the air, the evaporation is greater than that of ground irrigation. Especially in the dry season, when the relative humidity of the air is lower, the evaporation is greater, and the water droplets can evaporate up to 10% before they land on the groundTherefore, sprinkler irrigation can be carried out during the wind hours in the night to reduce evaporation losses.

3. There may be a problem of insufficient moisture at the bottom of the soil.

When the sprinkler irrigation intensity is too high and the soil infiltration capacity is low, the problem of the soil surface layer is very moist and the bottom layer is not moist enough. The use of low-intensity sprinkler irrigation, so that the sprinkler irrigation intensity is lower than the soil infiltration rate, and prolong the sprinkler irrigation time, can make the irrigation water fully infiltrate into the underlying soil, and do not produce ground water and runoff.

The disadvantage is that it is a great waste of water, a waste of resources, a waste of pesticides, and there are some places where irrigation cannot be irrigated, and there will be some blind spots for sprinkler irrigation.

It may be affected by some wind, it may be sprayed into the air, the intensity of irrigation hail is not very good, evaporation will lose a lot of water, it requires a lot of noise, it requires a lot of energy. The source is bumpy.

First of all, it is a special waste of time, and then it is very easy to be affected by the wind, the evaporation rate is very fast, and the infiltration capacity of the soil is very low.

A complete irrigation system is generally composed of a water source, a head hub, a pipe network and a sprinkler. 1.Water source:

Generally, the urban water supply system is mostly used as the sprinkler irrigation water source, in addition, wells, lakes, reservoirs, and rivers can also be used as water sources. Throughout the growing season of the lawn, the water source should be guaranteed to be reliably supplied. At the same time, the water quality of the source should meet the requirements of the irrigation water quality standards.

2.The first hub: its role is to take water from the source and pressurize it, treat it, inject fertilizer, and control the system.

Generally, it includes power equipment, water pumps, filters, fertilizer applicators, pressure relief valves, check valves, water meters, pressure gauges, and control equipment, such as automatic irrigation controllers, balanced pressure conversion control devices, etc. The number of first equipment can be increased or decreased depending on the type of system, water source conditions and user requirements. When the pressure of the urban water supply system can not meet the requirements of the sprinkler irrigation working pressure, a special water pumping station or a pressurized water pump room or a special water tower can be built, and sometimes tap water can be used.

What do you know about the three technical elements of sprinkler irrigation?

Now that the technology is developed, sprinkler irrigation technology is also widely used, what do you know about the three elements of sprinkler irrigation technology?

The first point is to spray the practicality of the irrigation equipment. It can improve the comprehensive utilization rate of water, improve the uniformity of irrigation, and realize the automatic management of equipment. Sprinkler irrigation technology is also known as artificial rainfall.

The use of this technology can achieve obvious effects such as water saving, production increase, and labor increase. It can also improve the microclimate in the field, such as humidification and cooling. Therefore, its practicality is relatively superior.

The sprinkler sprays into the air to form small water droplets, which drip evenly in the field to achieve the purpose of irrigation.

The second point is the type of sprinkler irrigation machine. Application of Sprinkler Irrigation Machine Sprinkler irrigation has many uses, mainly for crops, forestry nurseries, livestock meadows, vegetables and fruit trees, cash crops, garden lawns and flowers. In addition, it is also used for environmental control, sewage treatment, fish pond oxygenation, liquid fertilizer, herbicides, chemicals, pesticides, pesticides, comprehensive spraying, etc.

Sprinkler irrigation is highly adaptable and can be adapted to almost any crop, soil, terrain, region and climatic conditions. Commonly used sprinkler irrigation machines include small sprinkler irrigator, large sprinkler irrigator, translational sprinkler irrigator, circular sprinkler irrigator, double cantilever sprinkler and other types.

The third point is the strength of sprinkler irrigation. Irrigation intensity refers to the amount of water sprayed per unit area per unit time, or the depth of water sprayed on a green space per unit time. The average irrigation intensity when multiple nozzles with the same working pressure are combined in some form.

When the ground vegetation cover is good, the maximum allowable intensity can be increased. The selection of the system pipe diameter minimizes the annual cost of the pipeline, which includes investment cost and operating cost.

The fourth point is the determination of the sprinkler irrigation time. The working time of the sprinkler truck to meet the weekly water requirement of the plant must be calculated, and in order to achieve maximum soil water absorption, the interval between each watering must be more than 1 hour. Among them, soil permeability and plant perimeter water requirement can refer to the corresponding data comparison table.

Selection of water pumpWhen the water pressure and water volume of the water source cannot meet the requirements of sprinkler irrigation, the pump should be pressurized.

The structure of sprinkler irrigation is: sprinkler (left and right structure) irrigation (left and right structure).

The structure of sprinkler irrigation is: sprinkler (left and right structure) irrigation (left and right structure). The phonetic pronunciation is: The part of speech is: the verb. Pinyin is: pēnguàn.

What is the specific explanation of sprinkler irrigation, we will introduce it to you through the following aspects:

1. Explanation of terms [click here to view the details of the plan].

Sprinkler irrigation pēnguàn. (1) An irrigation method. Using machinery and power equipment, water is shot into the air through sprinklers or nozzles and landed in the field as raindrops.

2. Network Explanation.

Sprinkler irrigation is an irrigation method that sprays water with a certain pressure into the air with the help of pumps and pipe systems or by using the drop of natural water sources, scattering into small water droplets or forming a mist to fall on plants and the ground.

Idioms about sprinkler irrigation.

Grinding, soaking dog blood, spraying the heart, filling the marrow, scolding the seat, squirting rice, squirting blood, self-staining, chewing ink, spraying paper, holding the urn, irrigating the garden, giving empowerment, and scolding the irrigator.

Words about sprinkler irrigation.

The irrigator scolded the seat, soaked, soaked, poked, poked, filled, soaked, soak

Sentence formation about sprinkler irrigation.

1. The design is a new type of constant pressure sprinkler irrigation controller, which controls the end of the main pipe of the sprinkler Qiji irrigation system.

2. The method of crop growth analysis was used to study the variation law of winter wheat growth dynamics under sprinkler irrigation and surface irrigation.

3. Finally, the construction parameters of high spray grouting are determined through the on-site high spray test.

4. The water entering the soil in different ways is related to the type of crop, canopy structure, planting density, as well as the irrigation permeability system and the farmland microclimate during sprinkler irrigation.

5. The evaporation capacity of farmland under sprinkler irrigation is significantly lower than that of surface irrigation.