The basic requirements of agricultural production for sprinkler irrigation systems

Although there are many types of sprinkler irrigation systems, according to the composition of their equipment, sprinkler irrigation systems can be divided into two categories: unit sprinkler irrigation systems and pipeline sprinkler irrigation systems. The unit sprinkler irrigation system can be divided into light and small unit sprinkler irrigation system, large and medium-sized unit sprinkler irrigation system, etc.

Unit sprinkler irrigation system.

The sprinkler is to assemble the relevant parts of the sprinkler irrigation system into one and form a movable unit for operation. Its composition is generally to install one or more sprinklers, pumps, pipelines on the hand-lifted or trolley tractor, with electric motor or diesel engine as the power, spraying irrigation, its structure is compact and flexible, the mechanical utilization rate is high, can be multi-purpose, and the investment per unit of sprinkler irrigation area is low. Light and small sprinkler irrigation machine is a kind of sprinkler irrigation system widely used in rural China, especially suitable for areas with good field channels or wide distribution of water sources and more water intake points.

Pipe sprinkler irrigation system.

Pipeline sprinkler irrigation system refers to the sprinkler irrigation system composed of pipes at all levels, which can be divided into three types: fully fixed, fully mobile and semi-fixed according to the degree of mobility.

Fully fixed pipe type.

It consists of a water source, a pump, a piping system and a sprinkler. In addition to the sprinkler heads, the various components of the sprinkler irrigation system are fixed throughout the irrigation season and even all year round. The water pump and power machinery are fixed, the main pipe and branch pipe are mostly buried in the ground, and the sprinkler head is mounted on a fixed vertical pipe and can be used in each field in turn.

The fixed sprinkler irrigation system is convenient to operate and manage, easy to implement automatic control, high production efficiency, but the investment is large, the investment per mu is about 1000 yuan (excluding water source), the vertical pipe has a certain impact on machine farming and other agricultural operations, the equipment utilization rate is low, it is generally suitable for the irrigation of urban garden flowers and grasslands with good economic conditions, or the irrigation times are frequent, the vegetables and orchards with high economic benefits, etc., and can also be used in the hills with steep ground slopes and the areas that use natural water head sprinkler irrigation.

Fully mobile pipeline type.

The system composition is the same as the fixed type, its various parts, water pump, power machine, pipes and sprinklers at all levels can be detached, and the spraying operation is carried out in turn between multiple fields, so the equipment utilization rate of the system is high, the investment is small, but because all the equipment (especially the power machine and the water pump) have to be disassembled and handled, the labor intensity is large, the production efficiency is low, the equipment maintenance workload is large, and sometimes it is easy to damage the crops, which is generally suitable for the economically backward areas.

Semi-fixed pipeline type.

The system composition is the same as that of the fixed type, in which the power machine, water pump and water main pipe are fixed all year round or the whole irrigation season, and the branch pipes, vertical pipes and sprinklers can be disassembled and moved, and installed in different operating positions for spun irrigation. This method combines the advantages and disadvantages of fully fixed and fully mobile pipeline sprinkler irrigation system, the investment is moderate (about 650 yuan to 800 yuan per mu), the operation and management are also more convenient, and it is a kind of pipeline sprinkler irrigation system that is more commonly used in China. Pipeline sprinkler irrigation system is more suitable for northern China, where water sources are scarce and water intake points are few.

According to the provisions of the "Technical Specifications for Sprinkler Irrigation Engineering", the irrigation design guarantee rate of sprinkler irrigation projects should not be less than that.

After the completion of high-standard farmland, the service life of the main project should not be less than 15 years, the quality pass rate of farmland construction projects should reach 100%, the guarantee rate of irrigation design should not be less than 75%, the water-saving irrigation rate should reach 100%, the rate of suitable machine difference should not be less than 90%, and the crop production capacity should be greater than the average level of the previous three years, of which the average annual grain production capacity per mu in the plain area should be greater than 1000kg.

English name: Sprinkler irrigation system

There are many types of sprinkler irrigation systems. According to the pressure mode obtained by water flow, it can be divided into mechanical pressure type, self-pressure type and water storage type sprinkler irrigation system; According to the form of sprinkler irrigation equipment, it can be divided into pipeline type and unit type sprinkler irrigation system; According to the spraying method, it can be divided into fixed spraying type and row sprinkler irrigation system. In China, sprinkler irrigation systems are generally divided into three types: mobile, stationary and semi-stationary.

The mobile sprinkler irrigation system directly absorbs water from field channels, wells and ponds, and its power, pumps, pipes and sprinklers can all be moved.

For example, before the 60s of the 20th century, the Soviet Union and other countries used more double cantilever sprinklers, which is a kind of single-nozzle long-range sprinkler dragged by tractors; Since the 70s, the United States, the Soviet Union and other countries have adopted the needle sprinkler with a powered water pump and the translational sprinkler, and the small sprinkler irrigation unit used in China; A fully mobile pipeline sprinkler composed of multi-stage pipelines and a winch sprinkler with a powered water pump. The power of the fixed sprinkler irrigation system, the water pump is fixed, and the main pipe (sub-pipe) and the working branch pipe of the water transmission (distribution) are buried in the ground. The sprinkler head can be installed on the vertical pipe that extends out of the ground connected with the branch pipe all year round, and can also be installed and used in rotation according to the rotation order.

Although this form is convenient to operate and manage, and is convenient for automatic control, but because of the low utilization rate of equipment, large investment, and vertical pipes hinder machine farming, the development area of all countries in the world is not much.

Generally, it is only used for the irrigation of vegetables and cash crops with frequent irrigation times and high economic value. Semi-fixed sprinkler irrigation system power, water pump fixed, water transmission (distribution) main pipe (main pipe) buried in the ground, working branch pipe and sprinkler head can be moved, by the water supply plug connected in the main pipe (main pipe) sticking out of the ground to supply water to the branch pipe.

The mobile branch pipe can be moved manually or mechanically. Rolling type, end towing type, hour hand type, translational type, winch type, etc., which are not equipped with powered water pumps, are the most used mechanical pipe transfer methods in various countries around the world. Due to the high utilization rate of semi-fixed sprinkler irrigation system equipment and the convenience of operation and management, it is widely used by countries around the world.