What philosophical principles are included in the materialist debate of law epistemology

A question of materialism.

Materialism is a theory about the materiality of the world, a theory of the dialectical relationship between matter and consciousness, which uses a dialectical viewpoint to study the essence of the world, and what it wants to explain is the question of "what is" the essence of the world. The basic point of view of dialectical materialism is:

The origin of the world is matter.

Assertion that matter determines consciousness.

Consciousness is a reflection of matter, at the same time.

Consciousness has an active reaction to matter. Acknowledging that the world is material, and that matter has an objective reality.

This is the basis of the entire Marxist philosophy.

Dialectics of the second question.

The basic viewpoint of dialectics is that the world is an organic whole of universal connection, and at the same time it is changing and developing, and that connection and development are the general characteristics of dialectics. Acknowledging contradictions and using contradictory viewpoints to look at problems is the core of Marxist materialist dialectics, and thus reveals the three major laws contained in the development of all things: the law of the unity of opposites, the law of mutual change of quality, and the law of negation of negation.

In other words, it is simply a connection.

Development of contradictory views.

3. Epistemology. The first and foremost basic viewpoint of Marxist philosophical epistemology is the practical viewpoint.

The dialectical relationship between practice and cognition, on the one hand, practice determines that cognition is the basis of cognition.

On the other hand, understanding has a counter-effect on practice, and correct understanding, truth, and scientific theory are of greater guiding significance.

They are all dialectical materialism in Marxist philosophy, and these three constitute dialectical materialism.

1. Objectivity, universality and diversity of connections; Liang Tuan.

2. The relationship between the whole and the parts;

3. The opposition and fundamental divergence between the two views of development of materialist dialectics and deficit metaphysics;

4. The new will inevitably triumph over the old;

5. The relationship between the identity of contradictions and the nature of struggle;

6. Contradiction is the driving force for the development of things;

7. The relationship between internal and external factors;

8. The relationship between the universality and particularity of contradictions;

9. The relationship between the main contradiction and the secondary contradiction;

10. The relationship between the main and secondary aspects of the contradiction.

Marxist philosophy includes materialism and historical materialism.

Dialectical materialism includes dialectical materialism, dialectical materialist epistemology, materialist dialectics.

Dialectical materialism, including matter, consciousness, laws.

Materialist epistemology, including practice, knowledge, truth.

Materialist dialectics includes the point of view of connection, the point of view of development, the point of view of contradiction.

Dialectics is the method of unifying speculation and empirical evidence. There is a process in the development of dialectics that unifies speculative and empirical nature. The first stage of the development of dialectics is to reach the truth through debate, which is the speculative stage of the development of dialectics. The second stage is to reveal the universal laws of the development of the universe, which is the empirical stage of the development of dialectics.

Materialism, that is, materialism, Marxism believes that materialism is one of the two basic schools of philosophy, which is opposed to idealism, and advocates that matter is the first nature, spirit is the second nature, the origin of the world is matter, and spirit is the projection and reflection of matter.

Epistemology refers to the individual's view of knowledge, that is, the individual's belief in knowledge and knowledge acquisition, which mainly includes beliefs about the structure and nature of knowledge and beliefs about knowledge and knowledge judgment, as well as the regulating and influencing role of these beliefs in the process of individual knowledge construction and knowledge acquisition.

Characteristics of dialectics:

1) The universality of the connection.

The connection of things is universal and objective; the importance of grasping causal connections; the diversity and complexity of the connections between things; The dialectical relationship between the whole and the parts.

2) Movement and development.

Motion is a fundamental property of matter; the universality of movement and development; a correct understanding of the essence of development; It is necessary to look at the problem from the perspective of development; Be innovative, keep pace with the times, and learn to think creatively.

3) Regularity. Law; the universality and objectivity of the law; recognize and make use of laws; Persist in seeking truth from facts and act according to objective laws.

The first question, the question of the relationship between epistemology and materialism and dialectics, I think it should be understood in the following way: to talk about the relationship between them, we must first look at it from that point of view.

1. If we look at it from the perspective of a linear structure, epistemology is the starting point, and it is bifurcated into two: one is materialist epistemology. One is idealistic epistemology; The epistemology of materialism is bifurcated again:

One is the epistemology of dialectical materialism and the other is the epistemology of mechanical materialism.

2. If from a plane perspective, epistemology and dialectics are in the same plane, they are both scientific theories, but the emphasis is different, epistemology is a science that studies how people understand the world, it studies the laws of human cognition and the process of cognition; Dialectics is the science of studying the dialectical relations and general laws of the objective world; Materialism is the guiding ideology of these two scientific studies.

3. From a three-dimensional point of view, materialism is the design idea, dialectics is the foundation, and epistemology is the edifice built on the foundation.

4. If we look at the dynamic process of cognition, the object of cognition is the objective world and the subjective world of man, and the subjective world is a reflection of the objective world (materialist epistemology), the objective world itself has dialectic, and epistemology should be a reflection of the dialectical nature of the objective world (dialectical materialist epistemology). Correct understanding is inevitably dialectical understanding, and dialectical understanding is necessarily correct understanding, and the two are mutually sufficient and necessary conditions.

Materialism, dialectics, and epistemology are the three main parts of Marxist philosophy. Epistemology is both dialectical and materialistic. For example, Marx believed that people's understanding is constantly evolving, it is a process, in which there is the idea of dialectics; For example, human understanding must follow objective laws, and it also contains the content of materialism.

Dialectics is a method of thinking and studying problems, and epistemology and materialism are theoretical viewpoints, and these two viewpoints are discussed and confirmed by dialectics. Epistemology affirms that human cognition is from shallow to deep, perceptual to rational cognition, etc., and materialism affirms that the world is material, matter is the first nature, and spirit is the second nature. Therefore, epistemology and materialism are theoretical viewpoints, and their confirmation is inseparable from dialectics, which is a necessary tool to prove the correctness of epistemology and materialism, and without dialectics, it is impossible to theoretically reveal the objectivity and regularity of materialism and epistemology.

I've almost forgotten about philosophy.

Time and space, motion and stillness, and the absoluteness and relativity of truth.

The view of "one into three" is in line with Marxist materialist dialectics. For example, materialist dialectics holds that the development of truth is relative and absolute, and relative truth is the most general truth, which is in the intermediate link and exists in large quantities; And absolute truth is only at the poles, in the minority; There are also philosophical categories such as necessity and chance, relative and absolute, general and particular, commonality and individuality, phenomenon and essence, all of which are in line with the view of "divided into three", in which the categories of necessity, relative, general, commonality, and essence are the mainstream and intermediate links in the development of things, and they exist in large numbers; And the categories of accidental, absolute, special, individual, and phenomena are the two poles of the development of things, which are few and rare.

The Absoluteness and Relativity of Space and Time Space and time are both absolute and relative, and are the dialectical unity of absoluteness and relativity. The absoluteness of space and time refers to the objective reality of space and time.

Space and time are the basic forms of material existence in motion, and there can be no material existence outside of space and time. Since moving matter exists objectively and is eternal, unconditional, and absolute, space and time must also have objective reality, which is eternal, unconditional, and absolute. The relativity of space and time refers to the concreteness and variability of space and time.

The extensibility of space refers to the extensibility of moving substances, and the sequentiality and continuity of time refer to the sequentiality and continuity of moving substances. Therefore, space and time vary with the properties of matter and the state of motion, and with the change of the state of motion of matter.

The principle of dialectical materialism that space and time are absolute and relative in dialectical unity has been confirmed by the development of science. Einstein's theory of relativity not only proved the objective reality of space and time, but also profoundly revealed the intrinsic relationship between space and time and the motion of matter, and revealed that the characteristics of the motion of matter restrict the properties of space and time. The principle of dialectical materialism on the unity of space and time not only refutes the idealistic view of time and space, but is also a powerful critique of the metaphysical materialist view of time and space.

Idealists take advantage of the fact that people's concept of time and space has changed, claiming that space and time are nothing but the products of people's consciousness, that the objectivity of time and space no longer exists, and that materialism has been overthrown. The metaphysical materialist view of space-time, while acknowledging the objectivity of space-time, denies the variability of space-time. Both of these views of time and space are contrary to scientific facts.

In principle, the relativity of the whole should allow its partial absoluteness, otherwise this relativity is illusory, and the relativity is used to steal the position of absolute opposite.