The latest progress in cancer science research

Compound saponin RH2 oral solution exerts inhibitory effects on various tumor cells: first, inhibiting the growth of tumor cells, second, inducing apoptosis of tumor cells, third, reversing tumor drug resistance, fifth, achieving anti-tumor goals by improving immunity, sixth, anti-tumor metastasis, and seventh, synergistically reducing toxicity in combination with chemotherapy drugs.

Generally speaking, it is not too fine, if you want to know more specifically, you can look at the ** with a higher impact factor.

In terms of goals, the main direction of scientists' efforts is not to ** cancer, but to turn cancer into a chronic disease, achieve tumor survival, prolong survival, and improve quality of life.

There are two trends in the direction of research: one is that cancer is no longer seen as a single local disease, but as a systemic disease. Through the adjustment of the whole system, the cancer is carried out.

For example, the most popular immunity recently, by repairing the immune system, the immune system can regain its killing power against cancer cells, and for example, the study of intestinal flora, the impact of bacteria on tumors, the impact of the program, etc., are no longer a local method of headache and foot pain, but mobilize the entire system. Another trend is to get smaller and smaller, recognizing that everyone's cancer is different, according to different mutant genes, patient tolerance, to develop a suitable plan for the patient, and to personalize**. For example, through genetic testing, the mutated genes are determined to determine whether the patient can benefit from which **, so as to take the most effective **.

Another example is personalized vaccines, which are completely customized according to the patient's genes.

At present, the hottest is immunity, and the typical representative is PD-1 and the development direction is to improve the effective rate, so that more patients with PD-1, PD-L1 non-expression or microsatellite stability can also benefit from **. Methods include combination with others, such as chemotherapy, combination of targeted drugs, and the study of new immunosuppressive checkpoints to block more pathways for cancer cells to escape immunity. The development direction of CAT-T** is to reduce the **rate, reduce ** and solve the weakness of CAR-T** in solid tumors.

In addition, there are more promising directions such as early cancer screening, oncolytic virus, and personalized vaccines.

Personally, I think that cancer still has a long way to go, but reducing the harm of cancer to the same as general chronic diseases, so that patients can get a long survival period and a higher quality of life has found the dawn. Don't be pessimistic!!

On June 5, 2014, Tsinghua University announced that the research group of Professor Yan Ning of Tsinghua University School of Medicine had analyzed the crystal structure of the human glucose transporter Glut1 for the first time in the world, and preliminarily revealed its working mechanism and the pathogenic mechanism of related diseases. The research results have been praised as a "milestone" major scientific achievement by the international academic community.

In order for cancer cells to survive, they need to rely on glucose as their "ration", and because the energy produced by cancer cells to digest glucose is less than 15% of that of ordinary cells, cancer cells need to take in more glucose than normal cells, and they need to complete the process of glucose transport from outside cells to cells by loading more glucose transporter glut1.

Therefore, if the composition, structure and working mechanism of the transporter glut1 can be studied clearly, it is possible to achieve artificial intervention in glucose transport by regulating it, which can not only increase the normal intracellular glucose** to achieve the purpose of related diseases, but also may achieve the goal of inhibiting the growth of cancer cells by specifically blocking glucose** to cancer cells.

Yan Ning also emphasized: "Many diseases have complex causes, especially cancer, which is the most complex disease, and our scientific research is very basic. There is a long way to go from basic research to translation.

However, through many basic scientific research achievements and the gradual accumulation of clues, we can better understand the pathogenic mechanism, and hope that there may be a disease in the end. ”

Telomeres that are too long are susceptible to cancer.

According to the latest genomic study led by scientists at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), two common genetic mutations make chromosomal telomeres longer, but also greatly increase the risk of glioma brain cancer. Previously, many scientists believed that the function of telomeres was only to prevent cell aging and keep cells healthy. Related **** was recently published in Nature Genetics**.

On June 8, 2014, the two gene variants were TERT (Telomeric Reverse Transcriptase) and TERC (Telomerase), with 51% of people carrying the TERT variant and 72% carrying the TERC variant. Both genes have the function of regulating telomere behavior and are enzymes that maintain telomere length, and this risk gene variant carried by most people is relatively rare. Researchers believe that carriers of these variants have longer telomeres, so the whole cell is stronger, but it also increases the risk of high-grade gliomas.

The English journal Chinese Journal of Cancer Research was founded in 1988 and is now a bimonthly journal. The current honorary editor-in-chief is Professor Sun Yan, a famous oncologist and academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, the editor-in-chief is Professor Ke Yang, a cytogeneticist, executive vice president of Peking University, executive deputy director of the Department of Medicine, and a foreign academician of the American Academy of Medicine, the executive editor-in-chief is Professor Ji Jiafu, a surgical oncologist, president of Peking University Cancer Hospital, and vice chairman of the Chinese Anti-Cancer Association, and the deputy editor-in-chief is Professor Chen Wanqing, director of the National Cancer Registry Center of the National Cancer Prevention and Research Office. The editorial board includes more than 30 well-known overseas oncologists.

As the most important English-language oncology journal in China, it introduces the academic achievements and latest progress in various fields such as basic cancer research, clinical diagnosis and treatment, and cancer prevention and control in China, aiming to reflect the overview of cancer research in China, promote academic exchanges at home and abroad, and promote the development of China's anti-cancer cause1.