Methods and significance of research on flower variety resources

The significance of the development of China's flower seed industry is undoubted, new varieties are the soul of the flower industry, and the continuous development and application of new varieties is the basis for the survival and development of the flower industry. The focus of China's flower industry is the lack of new flower varieties and related intellectual property rights. Over the past 20 years, the facts have also proved that the introduction of seeds is an effective way to start China's flower industry, but it is difficult to attract the competitiveness of flower products in the international market.

Despite China's efforts to introduce seeds, there are only more than 40 kinds of cut flowers of plants in the domestic flower market, while there are more than 300 kinds of cut flower plants involved in the Dutch flower market, and the listed varieties are always novel or superior to those in China; In the aspects of hybrid first-generation grass seeds, turfgrass seeds, flower bulb seedlings, etc., neither intellectual property rights nor key technologies have been purchased, and the problem of localization of flower seeds has not been solved. Foreign breeding institutions have advanced new varieties and technical reserves for key flowers, which are impossible to introduce or even understand; In addition, unreasonable flower introduction will also bring about the spread of pests and diseases. For example, the imported bulbs in China are generally poisonous, and the incidence rate of gladiolus bulbs introduced from the Netherlands is as high as 70 or more after planting. According to China's national conditions, to solve the problem of new varieties of flowers and intellectual property rights, we must rely on breeding, and the introduction of seeds can only be used as a supplement.

Relying on seed introduction alone can only be forever backward and beaten, and producers can never get rid of the burden of high variety patent fees. Only by striving to develop the national flower seed industry can we give full play to the advantages of China's plants, climate and labor resources, reduce production costs to the greatest extent, make domestic flowers have new and peculiar characteristics and market competitiveness, and ensure that the national flower industry is based on the world's forest, leading the industrial trend, and sustainable and stable development.

Conservation of native wild germplasm resources.

Prevent resource outflow.

China has outstanding genetic diversity of flowers, and is one of the countries with the most abundant wild flower resources and garden plant resources in the world. There are 12,000 species of ornamental plants in 523 genera and 113 families. Many precious flowers are unique to our country, China's flower industry should move from a big country to a strong country, and gradually change the passive situation of the dominant position of foreign flowers and grasses in the flower market, fundamentally speaking, it is to develop the national flower seed industry, give full play to the advantages of China's flower industry in germplasm resources, especially wild flower resources, ecological resources, human resources, etc., and do everything possible to improve the level of flower breeding in China, constantly develop new varieties of flowers, and minimize the cost of flower production.

The national flower industry will be based on the world's flower forest, lead the industry trend, and make China the "mother of the world's gardens" in the new century.

1. Classification is based on botanical morphological characteristics, according to families, genera, species, and varieties, and gives Latin form of naming. Second, it is classified according to natural distribution. It is mainly divided into tropical flowers, temperate flowers, and cold flowers;

2. Alpine plants, aquatic flowers, rock flowers and desert plants, as well as mosses and ferns and other plants, are also cultivated and applied in a variety of ways. Therefore, there are many classification methods for flower classification due to different bases.

According to the requirements of the basic principle of variety testing, aiming at the objectives of conventional variety testing of horticultural flowers, the research on the design scheme of flower variety testing and the correct processing of variety experimental data are emphasized.

Improving the soil environment 2. How leguminous flowers improve the soil environment 3. How flowers from other families improve the soil environment 4. Other people's research on flowers to improve the soil.

1 Germplasm resources are the material basis for breeding.

Without good germplasm resources, it is impossible to breed good varieties;

The development of plant breeding shows that breakthrough achievements are determined by the discovery and utilization of key genetic resources. Such as the breeding practice of modern moon seasons.

2 Germplasm resources are the main ones for the continuous development of new ornamental plants.

According to statistics, there are 35.4 million species of plants in the world, of which 1 6 are ornamental; Many of these flowers and plants are still in a wild state and are yet to be investigated, collected, preserved, studied and utilized.

China's wild ornamental plant resources are extremely abundant, through the introduction, domestication, selection of wildflowers into the garden.

Plant germplasm resources are a precious asset of mankind. J.R. Harlan (1970) argues that "the fate of mankind will depend on the ability of humans to understand and exploit plant germplasm resources".

There are many varieties, and the distribution of excellent germplasm resources is limited, and the inter-regional exchange is small.

There is a downward trend in germplasm resources.

China has a vast territory, complex natural conditions, a variety of topography, climate, and soil types, especially due to the Mesozoic and Tertiary gymnosperms flourishing and angiosperm occurrence and development periods, it has always been a warm climate, and during the Quaternary glacial period, China was not affected and destroyed by the ice sheet of the northern continent, only affected by mountain glaciers and climate fluctuations, and basically maintained a relatively stable climate in the Tertiary paleotropics, so the plant resources are very rich and colorful, and it has become one of the world's famous flower treasure houses. Some ancient relict taxa that have long been extinct in other parts of the Northern Hemisphere are still preserved in China, such as ginkgo, metasequoia, silver fir, water pine, golden pine, dove tree, Lianxiang tree, Bole tree and fragrant fruit tree. Of the 300,000 known species of higher plants, there are about 30,000 species in China.

At the same time, China is also one of the world's eight famous origin centers of cultivated plants, and it is also the largest and earliest origin center.

China is rich in flower resources, including tropical flowers, temperate flowers, cold temperate flowers, alpine flowers, rock flowers, swamp flowers, aquatic flowers, etc., is the hometown of many famous flowers and flowers, and is also one of the countries with the most abundant flower species and resources in the world, worthy of being called the "mother of gardens". Table 3-1 shows the distribution of some seed plants with important ornamental value in China. In 1984, the New Orleans International River Exposition in the United States proposed that "the world of rivers is the source of life." ”

It takes into account the region, the location of the drug, and the route of use.

The general paper is divided into nine chapters to introduce the basic theories and methods of medicinal plant resources. The Monograph and the Appendix Part is one of the characteristics of "Medicinal Plant Resources", taking into account the region, the site of medicinal use, the way of utilization, etc., 48 kinds of medicinal plants with good research foundation are selected, and the history, geographical distribution, resource chemistry, comprehensive evaluation of resources, development and utilization, and resource protection are introduced in detail.

The basic theories and methods of medicinal plant resources were introduced from the aspects of types, distribution, reserves, active ingredients and their spatiotemporal variation rules and evaluation methods, diversity protection, sustainable utilization and related information management of medicinal plant resources at home and abroad. In the monograph part, 20 kinds of medicinal plants with good resource research and development utilization are selected for detailed introduction.