What is special about mangrove plants to the high salinity intertidal environment?

Mangrove plants have special adaptability to the intertidal environment with high salinity, and mangroves must have the physiological functions of drought resistance and salt resistance in order to live in the tide. Therefore, an important feature of its difference from terrestrial trees is that it can adapt to the physiological arid environment in which it is located, which can not only absorb nutrients from seawater, but also excrete excess salt from the body through its own salt metabolism, and can accumulate low molecular weight carbohydrates to balance the osmotic potential of the external environment.

This habitat adaptation of mangrove plants is mainly manifested in the following aspects:

First, the bark of many mangrove plants is rich in substances such as tannins, which are resistant to salinity and seawater corrosion.

Second, the leaves of mangrove plants are very hard, leaf hypertrophy, leather, reflective epidermis, villous, and stomatal depression on the leaf surface, which can effectively reduce water transpiration and solve the problem that mangrove plants are difficult to absorb water due to long-term growth in seawater with high salt content.

Thirdly, some mangrove plants have a special salt-draining function, which can excrete excess salt absorbed from seawater. For example, there is a special structure such as white bone soil and tung flower tree, which can continuously discharge salt from the tissues from the leaves; There are also some mangrove plants (e.g., olive, etc.) that can store salt in vacuoles, or form crystals in the leaves to store salt crystals (e.g., sea lacquer), and the salt will be expelled when the leaves are dropped. Fourth, the high osmotic pressure of mangrove leaves (up to 30 to 60 times the standard atmospheric pressure) allows mangrove plants to absorb sufficient water nutrients from saline soils.

In addition, some mangrove plants (e.g., autumn eggplant) have salt-resistant tissues that are salt repellents, which can prevent salt from entering the xylem of the roots, and prevent salt from being transported to other tissues by energy-consuming ultrafiltration, and excess salt in the body can also be excreted from the roots with the help of active transport. Many mangrove plants use multiple methods to drain salt at the same time, such as sea lacquer, which can both store salt crystals and repel salt; The paulownia tree has both salt repellency and salt glands.

Mangrove plants have special adaptations to the intertidal environment of high salinity.

Mangrove plants are mainly found on muddy tidal flats, but a few grow on muddy beaches. In this black argillaceous soil condition, mangrove plants have many physiological and morphological adaptations due to poor soil aeration and saline habitats, as well as wind and waves, such as pillar roots, various forms of respiratory roots, and many viviparous seedlings.

In freshwater and saline areas, hydrological conditions (fluctuation and content) and subsoil properties have a greater impact on mangrove trees than on soil salinity.

Mangrove plants have all or most of the following characteristics:

1. Fertility is completed in the mangrove environment, that is, they only appear in mangrove forests and do not extend beyond terrestrial communities;

2. It plays a major role in the community structure and can form pure plant subordination;

3. It has a specialized form that adapts to the environment, the most significant is the aerial root and fetal germination with gas exchange function;

4. It has a salt-secreting mechanism, they can grow in seawater and secrete salt frequently;

5. Relatives isolated from terrestrial taxonomic units, at least at the genus level, usually alienated from them at the level of subfamilies or families.

Mangrove plants have special adaptations to the intertidal environment of high salinity.

Adaptive Performance:

Mangrove plants mostly have halophytic and physiological drought adaptation morphological structure, plants have secretory glands that can discharge excess salt, and the leaves are bright leathery, which is conducive to reflecting sunlight and reducing water evaporation.

Mangrove forests are often flooded by the tide and are very lacking in air, so many mangrove plants have respiratory roots, which have thick skin pores on the outside and spongy aeration tissues inside, which meet the air needs of mangrove plants.

Mangrove plants have special adaptations to the intertidal environment of high salinity.

Mangrove plants generally have 5 main characteristics:

1. Fertility is completed in the mangrove environment and will not extend the terrestrial community.

2. It can form a pure plant.

3. Aerial rooting and fetal germination with gas exchange function.

4. Mangroves have a salt-secreting mechanism.

5. Isolated relatives with terrestrial taxonomic units, alienated from them at the level of subfamilies or families.

The natural distribution areas of mangroves in China are all in the southeast coastal area, such as Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Taiwan, Fujian and other regions, and the distribution of natural mangroves can be seen. In China, there are 26 species of true mangrove trees and shrubs, as well as 11 non-proprietary semi-mangrove trees and shrubs, and 19 species of common associated plants.

Mangrove plant is a very special plant, has special adaptability to the intertidal environment of high salinity, generally contains a lot of salt on the coastal muddy tidal flats, many inland freshwater plants can not survive at all, but mangrove plants can grow well.

Because mangrove plants have a salt-secreting mechanism that allows them to continuously secrete salt from seawater, they can retain nutrients needed for growth from seawater and then secrete a large amount of salt.

Moreover, mangroves can take root in seawater for a long time because they have a specialized form that adapts to the environment, and they already have the function of gas exchange, aerial roots and fetal germination (viviparous seedlings), which are physiological changes and morphological adaptations of mangrove plants according to the environment of the high-salt intertidal zone, which is a special plant that grows in seawater that is different from land plants.

Mangrove plants are a very special plant, and mangrove plants have special adaptations to the high-salinity intertidal environment.

Generally, the coastal muddy tidal flats contain a lot of salt, and many inland freshwater plants can not survive at all, but mangrove plants can grow well, because mangrove plants themselves have a salt-secreting mechanism, which can rush enough to continuously secrete salt in seawater, so they can retain the nutrients needed for growth from seawater, and then secrete a large amount of salt.

Moreover, mangroves can take root in seawater for a long time because they have a specialized form that adapts to the environment, and they already have the function of gas exchange, aerial roots and fetal germination (viviparous seedlings), which are physiological changes and morphological adaptations of mangrove plants according to the environment of the high-salt intertidal zone, which is a special plant that grows in seawater that is different from land plants.

Introduction of mangrove plants:

Mangrove plants refer to a class of woody plants that grow in the tropical, marine intertidal zone. For example, mangroves, autumn eggplant, red eggplant, sea lily, and olive. When the tide recedes, the mangrove plants form a green "sea woodland" on the seashore, also known as the blue sea oasis.

They play an important role in regulating the tropical climate and preventing coastal erosion. Forests made up of mangrove plants are called mangroves. Mangrove forests grow mainly on hidden coasts in the tropics, often in estuaries, where seawater penetrates.

Mangrove plants have special adaptations to the intertidal environment of high salinity. Mangrove is a woody plant that grows in the intertidal zone of tropical oceans, and its species are numerous, such as mangrove, autumn eggplant, red eggplant, sea lotus, and olive. Mangrove plants play a very important role in regulating the tropical climate and preventing coastal erosion.

Mangrove plants have special adaptability to the high-salinity intertidal environment, they are generally distributed in muddy tidal flats, this black argillaceous soil is poorly aerated and blind in the role of various wind and waves in the saline environment, and the sweet potato plants can undergo many adaptive changes in physiology and morphology, such as various forms of respiratory roots of the cavity pillar root.

In freshwater or saline-alkali areas, the effects of water temperature and soil quality on mangrove plants are greater than the salt content of soil. Therefore, mangrove plants mainly grow in the intertidal zone of tropical oceans, and there are many species, including mangroves, autumn eggplants, red eggplants, sea lotuses and olives.

The role of mangrove plants

Mangrove plants play a very important role in regulating the tropical climate and preventing coastal erosion, and it is very versatile, and it is said to be a seaside treasure that protects the coast and tidal flats, as well as nourishing fish, shrimp, crabs, and can also be used for a variety of purposes such as building materials, pharmaceuticals, and papermaking.