How do engineers dig tunnels? How the tunnel was dug out

The excavation of the tunnel is to open up a high mountain, so that the traffic line does not need to be detoured, of course, the tunnel excavation is not just a simple action, for the investigation between the entire mountain, the use of shafts, shorten the construction period.

Engineers will explore the geology and analyze some data, and finally use large machinery to dig the tunnel.

The main tasks he is engaged in include:

1) Equipped with materials according to the types, specifications and quantities required by construction drawings and technical specifications;

2) Construction of tunnel entrances and exits, slopes, and slopes;

3) Use tools or operate machinery for drilling, charging, blasting;

4) Inspect and deal with dangerous rocks, blind guns, landslides, water inrush and ventilation;

5) Carry out initial support according to geological conditions and technical requirements;

6) Slag removal and transportation;

7) Use manpower or operating machinery to position, install and pour concrete;

8) Installation and maintenance of temporary pipelines and lines;

9) Check the bottom and lay the bottom;

10) Carry out daily maintenance and reconstruction of the operating line tunnel;

11) Deal with special mechanical failures for tunnel engineering and routine maintenance.

The following types of work are classified as occupations:

Tunnellers, railway tunnellers.

Dear, hello for your query results are, how to dig the tunnel. 1.Drill and blast method.

The drill and blast method is a conventional and traditional excavation method. The basic process of the construction of the drilling and blasting method is drilling, trouser charge, discharge, smoke scattering, prying, slag removal, support and lining, and the auxiliary work includes measurement, pay-off, ventilation, drainage and early detection. (2) Excavation.

The TBM excavates the tunnel with a special large-scale cutting equipment to shear the rock, squeeze and crush it, and then transport the gravel out through the supporting transportation equipment. Commonly used is the excavation construction of the full-section TBM. The self-equipped belt conveyor is slag discharged, and it is excavated with the excavation, which is convenient for overall management and high efficiency.

Have a great day!

Tunneling requires the use of a shield machine to excavate, and the shield machine should be firmly attached to the concrete ring segment when digging the soil layer, so as to prevent the soil layer from collapsing.

Everyone knows that tunnels need to be dug when building subway roads, but many people want to know, how are these tunnels dug? What kind of machinery is needed? Let's find out.

01 The front part of the shield machine is the machine head, which is a huge round cutterhead with blades, and there are several blades to cope with different soil geology. This is the most central part, which plays the role of tunneling. There is also a section of sealed cabin fuselage at the back, followed by 6 carriages, which is used to load the power system, soil improvement system, sealing system, auxiliary system, etc. of the shield machine, and the overall structure is 60 meters long.

02 When the shield machine is working, it relies on the power given by the jack in the fuselage to push forward, and rotates the cutterhead to excavate the soil layer. At the same time of excavating the soil layer, the concrete ring segment is used to prevent the soil layer from collapsing, and each excavation ring is one meter long. For each tunneling ring, a ring segment is installed.

03 The shield machine continues to excavate, and the diameter of the tunnel left behind is round, and the inner wall is made of ring segments, which is very neat. The excavated soil is collected and, after processing, is transported by a screw conveyor to a vehicle loaded with soil and transported to the surface like "toothpaste".

04 In the process of tunneling, under normal circumstances, the cutterhead will be excavated to the **, and the ground will be slightly raised, and after the cutterhead, it will settle down. The amplitude of the bulge is generally 1 cm and has no effect on the ground. After excavation, the bearing capacity of the land will not be weakened in the slightest as the ring segments are firmly attached.

05 During the tunneling process of the EPBM, the amplitude of the bulge can be controlled to a smaller amplitude, even only a few millimeters, by controlling the excavation speed. Such an amplitude will not have an impact on above-ground buildings, let alone road travel.

The main tasks he is engaged in include:

1) Equipped with materials according to the types, specifications and quantities required by construction drawings and technical specifications;

2) construction of tunnel entrances and exits, slopes, and slopes;

3) Use tools or operate Yuchi machinery drilling, charging, blasting;

4) Inspect and deal with dangerous rocks, blind guns, landslides, water inrush and ventilation;

5) Carry out initial support according to geological conditions and technical requirements;

6) Slag removal and transportation;

7) Use manpower or operating machinery to position, install and pour concrete;

8) Installation and maintenance of temporary pipelines and lines;

9) Check the bottom and lay the bottom;

10) Carry out daily repairs and reconstructions of the operating line tunnels;

11) Deal with special mechanical failures for tunnel engineering and routine maintenance.

The following types of work are classified as occupations:

Tunnellers, railway tunnellers.

The main tasks he is engaged in include:

1) Equipped with materials according to the types, specifications and quantities required by construction drawings and technical specifications;

2) construction of tunnel entrances and exits, slopes, and slopes;

3) Use tools or operate Yuchi machinery drilling, charging, blasting;

4) Inspect and deal with dangerous rocks, blind guns, landslides, water inrush and ventilation;

5) Carry out initial support according to geological conditions and technical requirements;

6) Slag removal and transportation;

7) Use manpower or operating machinery to position, install and pour concrete;

8) Installation and maintenance of temporary pipelines and lines;

9) Check the bottom and lay the bottom;

10) Carry out daily repairs and reconstructions of the operating line tunnels;

11) Deal with special mechanical failures for tunnel engineering and routine maintenance.

The following types of work are classified as occupations:

Tunnellers, railway tunnellers.

The main tasks he is engaged in include:

1) Equipped with materials according to the types, specifications and quantities required by construction drawings and technical specifications;

2) Construction of tunnel entrances and exits, slopes, and slopes;

3) Use tools or operate machinery for drilling, charging, blasting;

4) Inspect and deal with dangerous rocks, blind guns, landslides, water inrush and ventilation;

5) Carry out initial support according to geological conditions and technical requirements;

6) Slag removal and transportation;

7) Use manpower or operating machinery to position, install and pour concrete;

8) Installation and maintenance of temporary pipelines and lines;

9) Check the bottom and lay the bottom;

10) Carry out daily maintenance and reconstruction of the operating line tunnel;

11) Deal with special mechanical failures for tunnel engineering and routine maintenance.

The following types of work are classified as occupations:

Tunnellers, railway tunnellers.

Summary. 1. Classification of tunnels: rock tunnels, soft soil tunnels. 2. Tunnel composition: (1) main building: tunnel lining and door, (2) auxiliary building: ventilation, lighting, anti-drainage, safety equipment.

3. The function of the lining of the cave body: to bear the pressure of the surrounding rock, the weight of the structure and other loads, to prevent the weathering and collapse of the surrounding rock and the waterproof and moisture-proof in the cave. 4. The main function of the cave door:

Prevent rockfall at the entrance and maintain the stability of the slope and slope. 5. Three indicators of surrounding rock classification: (1) the structural characteristics and complete state of the surrounding rock of the tunnel.

2) Physical and mechanical properties of rocks. and (3) the impact of groundwater. In the classification, the empirical treatment method of "water downgrading" is adopted, that is, according to the properties of surrounding rock, the nature and size of groundwater, circulation conditions, infiltration conditions, etc., the category of surrounding rock is appropriately downgraded, and the general situation is considered as downgrading by 1.

For Class VI and Class V surrounding rocks, due to the small influence of water, they can generally not be downgraded. 6. The main construction methods of the tunnel: (1) shield method (2) new Austrian method (3) mining method.

The basic structure of the shield is usually composed of four parts: the shield shell, the propulsion system, the assembly system, and the excavation system.

What else is there to build a tunnel besides civil construction.

1. Classification of tunnels: rock tunnels, soft soil tunnels. 2. Tunnel composition:

1) Main building: hole lining and door, (2) Auxiliary building: ventilation, lighting, anti-drainage, safety equipment.

3. The function of the lining of the cave body: to bear the pressure of the surrounding rock, the weight of the structure and other loads, to prevent the weathering and collapse of the surrounding rock and the waterproof and moisture-proof in the cave. 4. The main function of the cave door:

Prevent rockfall at the entrance and maintain the stability of the slope and slope. 5. Three indicators of surrounding rock classification: (1) the structural characteristics and complete state of the surrounding rock of the tunnel.

2) Physical and mechanical properties of rocks. and (3) the impact of groundwater. In the classification, the empirical treatment method of "water downgrading" is adopted, that is, according to the nature of the surrounding rock, the nature and size of groundwater, the circulation conditions, the infiltration situation, etc., the surrounding rock category is appropriately downgraded, and the general situation is considered as a downgrade of 1.

For Class VI and Class V surrounding rocks, due to the small influence of water, they can generally not be downgraded. 6. The main construction methods of the tunnel: (1) shield method (2) new Austrian method (3) mining method.

The basic structure of the shield is usually composed of four parts: the shield shell, the Hebang propulsion system, the assembly system, and the excavation system. than the heart].