The achievements of the Yuan Dynasty Sanqu, the system of the Yuan Dynasty Sanqu

Guan Hanqing's life is extremely rich in creation, and it is now known that he has written 66 kinds of scripts, and 18 kinds of scripts exist today, including "Dou E's Injustice", "Single Knife Meeting", "Crying and Filial Piety", "Butterfly Dream", "Fraud Nizi", "Save the Wind and Dust", "Golden Thread Pool", "Cutting Dan", "Dream of Scarlet Clothes", "Xie Tianxiang", "Moon Worship Pavilion", "Double Dream", "Jade Mirror Table", "Pei Du Returns", "Chen's Mother and Godson", "Lu Zhailang", "Five Marquis Banquet", "Single Whip Snatching Lance". In addition, "Crying Sachets". "The Story of Spring Shirts" and "Meng Liang Stealing Bones" are stone chivalrous songs.

The eighteen types that exist today can be roughly divided into three categories: "Dou E's Injustice", "Butterfly Dream" and "Lu Zhailang" are social dramas; "Trick Nizi", "Save the Wind and Dust", "Cut Dan" and "Moon Worship Pavilion" are love and marriage dramas; "Single Knife Meeting", "Double Dream" and "Crying and Filial Piety" are historical dramas. Guan Hanqing is still a famous composer of loose songs, and there are thirteen sets of songs today

Two remnants, fifty-seven small reams.

Ma Zhiyuan has written 16 kinds of miscellaneous dramas, including "Jiangzhou Sima Qingshan Tears", "Broken Dream Lonely Goose Han Palace Autumn", "Lu Dongbin Three Drunken Yueyang Tower", "Midnight Thunder Recommendation Blessing Monument", "Ma Danyang Three Degrees of Ren Fengzi", "Opening the Altar to Explain the Dream of Huang Liang", "Xihua Mountain Chen Tuo Gao Lying" seven kinds. Ma Zhiyuan's prose works are also famous, and the existing compilation of "Dongli Yuefu" is a volume, including 104 Xiaoling songs and 17 sets. The content of its miscellaneous dramas is mainly based on the deification of Taoist priests, and the scripts all involve the story of the Quanzhen Sect, Jia Zhongming said in the poem at the end of the Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of the Ming Dynasty

The horse fairy in the ten thousand flowers, the hundred generations concentrated on saying that "the name is full of pear orchards".

Wang Shifu's miscellaneous dramas have a total of 14 kinds of examiners. In addition to "The Legend of the West Chamber", there are also "The Story of the Broken Kiln" and "Lichun Hall". "Furong Pavilion" and "Tea Boat" have chivalrous songs stored in "Shengshi Xinsheng", "Zailin Picking Yan", "Yongxi Lefu" and "Beici Guangzheng Spectrum".

The rest of the only surviving names, Tianyi Pavilion's "Record Ghost Book" recorded: "Yu Gong Gaomen", "Mingda Selling Son", "Seven Steps", "Duoyue Pavilion", "Jinmei Ji", "Lichun Garden", "Lu Ji Huaiju", "Shuangqu Resentment" eight kinds. There is also "Jiao Hongji", which can be found in Cao Neem's book "Recording Ghost Book".

In addition to miscellaneous plays, there are also several scattered songs. In addition, in the Ming and Qing dynasties, there were also Wang Shifu's "Du Liucui", "Red Whisk" and "Xiangyang Mansion Tunes the Dog and Dropped the Knife", which are not credible.

There are several types of loose songs, such as small rings, sets of songs, and bands in between.

The history of the Yuan Dynasty is not long, from 1271 when Kublai Khan changed the name of the Mongol Dynasty to the Great Yuan (when the Southern Song Dynasty had not yet finally perished), to the death of the Yuan Dynasty in 1367, only 96 years. From the destruction of the Mongol Dynasty and the unification of the north to the death of the Yuan Dynasty, it was 133 years.

Compared with the literature of the previous generation, the most outstanding achievement in the literature of the Yuan Dynasty is in the aspect of noisy mountain opera, and later generations often refer to "Yuan opera" and "Tang poetry" and "Song ci" together. Literary styles such as poetry, lyrics, and prose are relatively weak.

Yuan opera is a literary and artistic form that prevailed in the Yuan Dynasty, and is the essence of the wisdom of Confucian literati in the Yuan Dynasty. Miscellaneous opera, a form of performance characterized by burlesque and comedy in the Song Dynasty, developed into a form of opera in the Yuan Dynasty.

Each book is mainly composed of four folds, with a wedge at the beginning or between the folds, and each fold is composed of the Beiqu suite and Binbai with the same rhyme as the palace tune. Such as Guan Hanqing's "Dou E's Injustice" and so on. It was popular in the Dadu (now Beijing) area.

There were also miscellaneous dramas in the Ming and Qing dynasties, but each book was not limited to four folds. Sanqu was a form of music that prevailed in the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties without binbai. The content is mainly lyrical, and there are two kinds of small reams and sets.

It began in the Song Dynasty and flourished in the Yuan Dynasty. Generally speaking, Yuan Miscellaneous Opera and Sanqu are collectively called Yuan Qu, Miscellaneous Opera is opera, and Sanqu is poetry, which belong to different literary genres. But there are similarities.

Both of them use the northern song as the form of singing. Therefore, the loose song and the opera are also called Yuefu. Sanqu is the main body of literature in the Yuan Dynasty.

Guan Hanqing: "Hanqing" is the word, the number has been Zhai, Han nationality, Jiezhou people, and other places of origin Dadu and Qizhou are said. The founder of Yuan Miscellaneous Opera, the head of the "Four Masters of Yuanqu", is known as the "Four Masters of Yuanqu" together with Bai Pu, Ma Zhiyuan, and Zheng Guangzu.

Baizhong Bipu: The original name was Heng, the word Renfu, and later changed its name to Pu, the word Taisu, and the number Langu. Han nationality, ancestral home of Mu Wangyu Prefecture, in Hequ County for him to build a white pagoda.

After migrating to Zhending, he lived in Jinling in his later years, and never became a master. He is a famous miscellaneous playwright in the Yuan Dynasty, and his representative works mainly include "Wutong Rain on the Autumn Night of Emperor Tang Ming", "Pei Shaojun's Wall Head Horse", "Dong Xiuying's Flower Moon East Wall Story", "Tianjing Shaqiu" and so on.

Zheng Guangzu: Born in the early years of the Yuan Dynasty, the word Dehui, Han nationality, a famous miscellaneous dramatist and essayist in the Yuan Dynasty, and a native of Xiangling, Pingyang.

Ma Zhiyuan: A word for thousands of miles, the number of the East Fence, a name unknown, the word Zhiyuan, the evening number of the East Fence, Yuan Dadu, originally from Ma Citang Village, Dongguang County, Hebei Province, a famous opera writer, essayist, miscellaneous dramatist, Xun Peizai was praised as the "Horse Immortal" by later generations, and his work "Tianjingsha Autumn Thought" is known as the ancestor of Autumn Thought.

What was the mainstream style of loose music creation in the early Yuan Dynasty: boldness.

Loose songs. Sanqu, the Yuan Dynasty called "Yuefu" or "now Yuefu". It is a new member of the big family of rhymes, and it is a new poetic style that has emerged after poetry and words. In the literary world of the Yuan Dynasty, it competed with the traditional style of poetry and lyrics, and represented the highest achievement of poetry creation in the Yuan Dynasty.

The Yuan Dynasty Sanqu Chuangjiao can be divided into two periods, the first and the last, roughly bounded by the Yuan Chengzong Emperor Qing and Yan. In the early stage, the center of activity of the writers of sanqu was in Dadu (now Beijing), which was the prosperous period of sanqu, and there were prominent dignitaries and scholars in the writers' ranks, such as Liu Bingzhong, Yang Guo, Lu Zhi, Yao Sui, etc.; There are famous miscellaneous playwrights, such as Guan Hanqing, Bai Pu, Ma Zhiyuan, etc.; There are also teaching artists, such as the bead curtain show.

Due to the different social status, different thoughts and feelings, and great differences in artistic quality of writers, the early stage of sanqu presented a rich and colorful situation, and sanqu as a new form of poetry has gradually matured. Among all kinds of writers, those high-status and talented literati such as Yang Guo, Yao Sui and others, although they were interested in the emerging poetry genre, only tried their talents on banquets and entertainment occasions, and often wrote rope songs in a simple way, so although there were also fresh works, they could not fully express the artistic characteristics of sanqu.

As for the works of the artists in the teaching workshop, generally speaking, the subject matter is narrower, and the art is also relatively rough, and there are many scatters, so it is impossible to explore the whole picture. The most accomplished writers who doubled as miscellaneous plays, such as Guan Hanqing, Bai Pu, Ma Zhiyuan and others. Their works not only have the popular and easy, simple and natural interest of folk literature, but also have been tempered and developed to improve the realm of loose songs, such as Ma Zhiyuan's "Autumn Thoughts" suite, Guan Hanqing's "Bufu Lao" suite and their small orders.

Among the prose writers of the Yuan Dynasty, the greatest contribution and the highest achievement are:

a.Zhang Kejiu BGeorgie CMa Zhiyuan DZhang Yanghao.

Answer C Ma Zhiyuan's works not only have the popular and easy, simple and natural interest of folklore, but also have been tempered and developed, improving the realm of loose music

Ma Zhiyuan (about 1250 about 1321 to 1324), a word Qianli, the number of the East Fence, (a name unknown, the word Zhiyuan, the evening number "East Fence"), was known as the "Horse Immortal" by later generations, Han nationality, a famous miscellaneous dramatist and essayist in the Yuan Dynasty, a native of Yuan Dadu (now Beijing), originally from Ma Citang Village, Dongguang County, Hebei Province.