Methods of translating classical Chinese and how to develop a sense of language

First, cultivate a sense of language, familiarize yourself with the items that are required to be memorized in the text, and then memorize them. If you can't memorize it, pick your favorite one to memorize about 10 articles, so that you are familiar with it. If you persist, you will definitely find a sense of language that understands classical Chinese.

When translating classical Chinese, do you mean translating classical Chinese into modern Chinese? Just learn to add and substantiate. For example, "in the spring of the tenth year, the division of Qi attacked me", which is translated as "(Lu Zhuang Gong) ten years (of) spring (day), the army of Qi (country) attacked me (country)."

From my experience, the first thing is to have a good tutorial book, there is a word-by-word translation of the kind that compares up and down into two lines, and it must be correct (you can find a language teacher to recommend), and secondly, there must be a literary dictionary, after all, you are still in junior high school, and you will use it in the high school entrance examination in the future, so it is still worth buying one now, and finally it is recommended that you learn a good book of classical Chinese, "Guwen Guanzhi", I believe you have also heard of it, take 10 minutes every morning to read aloud the classics in it ( You can also ask the teacher to sketch some), I believe that soon you will have a sense of Chinese language! Of course, after reading in the morning, you must check the dictionary for those who don't know the words, this is a long-term process, but it will definitely help you a lot in the future!

First of all, it is necessary to accumulate a certain amount of real and imaginary words in the literary language, and be able to practice in reading. You can often contact some annotated classical Chinese. After a long time, it will naturally meet.

First, the basic methods of classical Chinese translation:

1. Grasp the key words.

The key real words, from the point of view of the part of speech, are mostly verbs, followed by adjectives and nouns. Translate the key real words in place, that is, to accurately understand the common and false words, polysemous words, ancient and modern synonyms, active words (nouns used as adverbs, adjectives used as verbs, intentional verbs, making verbs, etc.), and special difficult words in the sentence, and correctly reflected in the translation.

2. Grasp the key virtual words.

Key imaginary words mainly refer to adverbs, conjunctions, and prepositions in literary sentences. There are two points to pay attention to in the translation of imaginary words: Must be translated:

If there is a real word, the real meaning should be translated, such as "zhi" and "it" as pronouns; In modern Chinese, there are corresponding virtual words that are interchanged, such as "zhi", "and", "to", "yu", etc. It does not need to be translated: the grammatical "zhi" in the sentence, the pronunciation word, and the mood particle at the end of the sentence.

3. Familiar with Chinese sentence patterns.

Classical Chinese sentence structure is an important scoring point in translation questions, and it is the key to review the special sentence structure in the translated sentence. To understand the sentence structure and usage content that are different from those of modern Chinese, it is necessary to pay attention to accumulation, and focus on mastering the definite postposition, object preposition sentence and fixed sentence structure that are easy to ignore.

2. Basic skills of classical Chinese translation.

The so-called literal translation refers to the use of modern Chinese words to translate the original text word by word, so that the real words and imaginary words are as relative in meaning as possible. The so-called paraphrasing is to translate according to the meaning of the sentence, so as to conform to the meaning of the original text as much as possible, and the sentence should take care of the meaning of the original text as much as possible.

3. The specific steps of classical Chinese translation.

Retention, replacement, adjustment, deletion, supplementation, change.

1. "Stay" means to retain some basic words and proper nouns in classical Chinese.

2. "Change":

Replace classical Chinese words with modern Chinese words, replace monosyllabic words in ancient Chinese with two-syllable words in modern Chinese, replace ancient and modern synonyms with ancient Chinese meanings, replace trembling fake words with local words, replace active words with activated words, etc. The translation should be thorough and in place, so as to prevent the text from being mixed and nondescript.

3. "Tune" means that according to the habits of modern Chinese, on the basis of translation, the word order of special sentence patterns is adjusted to make the translated sentences smooth.

There are several types of sentences that need to be adjusted when translating:

The prepositional phrase is followed by a sentence, and the prepositional phrase should be moved to the front of the predicate socks when translating into the hole.

When translating, the definite sentence should be moved before the modified and restricted central sentence.

4. "Delete" means to delete the words and imaginary words that have no meaning or need to be translated.

Some words in classical Chinese sentences, such as the beginning of the sentence particle "gai" and "fu", the syllable particle "zhi", and the conjunction "while" used on special occasions, can be deleted without translation without affecting the accuracy and smoothness of the translation.

5. "Supplement" means to make up the omitted or implicit components in the classical Chinese, such as the omitted subject, predicate, object and preposition "Yu" in the sentence, so as to complete the meaning of the sentence.

6. "Change" refers to the flexible translation according to the context.

The six basic methods of classical Chinese translation are retention, deletion, supplementation, replacement, modulation, and change. Classical Chinese is a processed written language based on ancient Chinese. It may have been processed in the earliest written language based on spoken language.

Classical Chinese is a written language composed of ancient Chinese texts, mainly including written languages formed on the basis of the spoken language of the pre-Qin period. Introduction to the 6 basic methods of classical Chinese translation.

1. To stay, that is, to retain. All words with the same meaning in ancient and modern times, as well as ancient names of people, places, things, officials, countries, years, weights and measures, etc., can be retained in translation.

2. To delete is to delete. Delete the words that don't need to be translated.

3. Supplement, that is, supplementation. Monosyllabic words are changed to diphthongs, and in classical Chinese, monosyllabic words occupy the main body, while in modern Chinese, two-syllable words occupy the main body. Therefore, when translating, it is necessary to supplement monosyllabic words with two-syllables.

This kind of addition, most of the time, according to the meaning of the group of words, is fine.

4. Replacement is replacement. Replace ancient words with modern ones.

5. Adjustment, that is, adjustment. The ancient Chinese inverted sentences are adjusted to modern Chinese sentence patterns in order to conform to the expression habits of modern Chinese.

6. Change is flexibility. On the basis of faithfulness to the original text, the relevant text is translated alive.

Classical Chinese translation techniques are as follows:

1. It is necessary to put the text and sentences into context to understand.

To translate a sentence well, it is also necessary to follow the principle of "words do not leave the sentence, and sentences do not leave the text". Put the sentence into context.

Comprehension, put it into the context of the specific language to consider.

2. The most basic method of translation is to convert monosyllabic words into two-syllable words.

The biggest difference between ancient Chinese and modern Chinese is that ancient Chinese is dominated by monosyllabic words, that is, a word is a word; And the modern Han.

The language is dominated by two-syllable words, that is, two words form a word.

3. Enhance the foundation of literary skills and cultivate a sense of literary language.

This is the most fundamental point to do a good job in translation questions and even in all classical Chinese questions. The formation and improvement of classical Chinese reading comprehension ability.

It didn't happen overnight.