How is the earliest primitive pottery in China different from the porcelain fired by the later peopl

Pottery is not a unique invention in China, archaeological discoveries have proved that many countries and regions in the world have invented pottery, however, China has taken a big step forward on the basis of pottery The earliest invention of porcelain has written a glorious page in the history of human civilization.

Porcelain and pottery are two different substances, but they are closely related. Without the experience gained from the invention of pottery and the continuous improvement of pottery-making techniques, porcelain could not have been invented alone. The invention of porcelain is the result of our ancestors constantly understanding the properties of raw materials, summarizing firing technology, and accumulating rich experience in the long-term pottery making process, so as to produce the result of quantitative change to qualitative change.

The main differences between pottery and porcelain are as follows:

First, the firing temperature is different.

The firing temperature of pottery is generally lower than that of porcelain, and the lowest even reaches below 800 and the highest can reach about 1100. The firing temperature of porcelain is relatively high, most of them are above 1200, and some even reach about 1400.

Second, the degree of hardness is different.

The firing temperature of the pottery is low, the body is not completely sintered, the sound is questioned when striking, the hardness of the carcass is poor, and some can even use a steel knife to cut out grooves. The firing temperature of porcelain is high, the carcass is basically sintered, the sound is crisp when striking, and it is difficult to draw grooves on the surface of the carcass with ordinary steel knives.

Third, the use of raw materials is different.

Pottery can be made from ordinary clay to make billets and fired, while porcelain needs to be made of specific materials and made from kaolin. The firing temperature is at the temperature stage required for pottery, and it can become pottery, for example, white pottery in ancient times was fired in this way. At the temperature at which the kaolin is fired is made, the body becomes porcelain.

However, when the clay used to make pottery is burned, it cannot become porcelain and will be melted into glass.

Fourth, transparency is different.

Even if the body of pottery is relatively thin, it is not translucent. For example, the black pottery of the Longshan culture is as thin as an eggshell, but it is not transparent. The carcass of porcelain, regardless of its thickness or thickness, is translucent.

Fifth, the glaze is different.

There are two types of pottery: unglazed and glazed, and the glaze of the glazed pottery can be melted at a lower firing temperature. There are two kinds of glazes for porcelain, which can be fired with the carcass at a high temperature, or hung with a low-temperature glaze on the high-temperature plain tire and fired at a low temperature for the second time.

Among the above aspects, the most important conditions are raw materials and firing temperature, and several other conditions are closely related to these two conditions. Therefore, once the potter mastered the technique of firing temperature and recognized the difference between kaolin and general clay, he was able to invent porcelain.

The firing temperature is not the same. The porcelain is glazed on the surface and colored underglaze. It's exquisite to look at. Tao is different, not very strong.

The technology is gradually maturing!

1. The invention of pottery is an important symbol of mankind's entry into the Neolithic Age. According to archaeological data, the world's earliest pottery appeared around 6000 BC.

2. Engels in The Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State

"The manufacture of pottery is due to the coating of woven or wooden vessels with earth-bearing earth to make them resistant to fire," it says. At first, it was fired on the woven fabric with mud paste, and later it was fired directly from the clay blank."

According to archaeological data, the world's earliest pottery appeared around 6000 BC, roughly equivalent to the Neolithic period in China.

about 10,000 to 4,000 years ago).

3. The invention of pottery and the rise of the ceramics industry not only greatly accelerated the development of productive forces, but also made the settled life of human beings more stable. In the long era of obscurantism, human beings could only passively use natural materials and process them into stone tools, bone tools, wood tools, etc. However, this type of artifact only changed the external form of the material and did not change its internal properties, but the invention of pottery made full use of the power of fire to completely change the chemical properties of the soil.

The result is a new type of man-made material that has never been seen before. If it is north of stones, animal bones, and wood, soil is obviously a richer and more convenient natural resource for processing, molding, and exploitation.

4. Therefore, it can be said that the emergence of the new material "pottery" has opened up an infinite new world for human beings to further make full use of natural resources.

As of 2019, the earliest primitive ceramics in ancient China that have been excavated in China are the Xianren Cave site.

In 2012, at the site of Xianren Cave in China's Jiangxi province, archaeologists discovered the world's oldest pottery to date. Archaeologists have carried out archaeological excavations at the Xianren Cave site in the 60s, 90s and 2000s of the last century, but the age of the oldest pottery has not been clear.

Researchers from China, the United States, and Germany revisited the site and performed radiocarbon dating on samples, dating the earliest occurrence of pottery to 20,000 to 10,000 years ago.

The participants in this study were ingenious.

1. Euph Barr Joseph, an archaeologist at Harvard University and one of the co-authors of an article on the discovery in Science, said: "This is the earliest pottery in the world. "What this does means that much older pottery may be found in southern China.

In the first issue of Archaeology magazine in 2013, the site of Xianren Cave was selected as one of the world's top ten archaeological discoveries in 2012.

Known as the country of porcelain, China is the earliest country in the world to manufacture pottery and the invention of porcelain in the world. Porcelain is one of China's great inventions. China enjoys in the world"The land of porcelain"reputation.

The history of the invention of porcelain can be traced back to the Shang Dynasty. The vitreous glaze invented at that time was called green glaze. In terms of the process of making, porcelain was developed from Neolithic pottery.

By the Han Dynasty, the development of porcelain entered its mature period. The Shaoxing and Shangyu regions of China's Zhejiang Province were the world's earliest porcelain producers. In the 11th century, Chinese porcelain-making technology spread to the Persian Lagis, and later to Arabia, Turkey, and Egypt.

In the mid-fifteenth century, it reached Venice, Italy, after which porcelain production began in Europe.

Summary. Hello, dear, the historical value of Chinese primitive pottery is as follows; Pottery appeared as early as 10,000 years ago in Europe, South America, the banks of the Nile in Africa, and Japan in Asia. In 2012, fragments of pottery pots were found at the site of Xianren Cave in Jiangxi.

Carbon-14 has been tested to date back to about 20,000 BC to 19,000 BC. Yangshao Culture Painted Pottery Yangshao Culture was named after the first discovery in 1921 in Yangshao Village, Mianchi County, Henan Province. It is the most important Neolithic culture distributed in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River.

Hello, dear, the historical value of Chinese primitive pottery is as follows; Pottery appeared in Europe, South America, the banks of the Nile in Africa, and Japan in Asia as early as 10,000 years ago. In 2012, some pottery pot fragments were found at the site of Xianren Cave in Jiangxi Province. Carbon-14 has been tested to date back to about 20,000 BC to 19,000 BC.

Yangshao Culture Painted Pottery Yangshao Culture was named after the first discovery in 1921 in Yangshao Village, Mianchi County, Henan Province. It is the most important Neolithic culture distributed in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River.

In October 1921, with the approval of China, the Swedish geologist Andersen and the Chinese geologist Yuan Fuli, who were hired as the mine consultants of the Ministry of Agriculture and Commerce of China, carried out the first excavation of the Yangshao Village site, which confirmed that it was a cultural relic of the Neolithic Age. After three excavations, the site has unearthed a large number of pottery, stone tools, bone tools and other relics of Yutan, which has caused a great sensation in the world. The ruins of Yangshao Village have become a "cultural holy place" longed for by Chinese and foreign historians and archaeological circles.

Primitive porcelain developed from pottery, and was first seen in the ruins of the Shang Dynasty in Erli, Zhengzhou.

Peiligang culture was first discovered in Peiligang Village, Xinzheng County, Henan Province in 1977, and was determined by carbon 14 about 8,000 years ago, which is the earliest Neolithic site found in China. At the same time, cultural sites of the same period were also found in Cishan, Wu'an County, Hebei Province, and the unearthed pottery has a certain primitiveness, which is the earliest pottery found in China.

Primitive porcelain first appeared in the Eastern Han Dynasty. The porcelain of this period is called primitive celadon, which refers to the low-level blue-glazed porcelain with gray color, hard texture and thin glaze on the surface of this period, which is the product of the transition stage from pottery to porcelain.

During this period, with the gradual improvement of the pottery process, the continuous improvement of the process level and the in-depth understanding of the pottery raw materials, people gradually fired some porcelain standards that initially reached the standard. However, in some respects, the porcelain is not perfect enough, so the porcelain of this stage is called "primitive celadon".

Primitive porcelain, which some people call primitive celadon, is relative to mature porcelain. It is "a glazed ceramic product with low water absorption that appeared in the Shang and Zhou dynasties and was made of porcelain stone as a raw material for making tires". Compared with printed hard pottery, primitive porcelain and white pottery have the advantages of being hard and durable, and the surface of the ware has the advantages of glaze, which is not easy to pollute and beautiful.

Primitive porcelain was developed on the basis of pottery-making techniques. In the Shang Dynasty ruins in Zhengzhou and other places in Henan, a lot of glazed porcelain statues, porcelain jars and porcelain jars were found, as well as the fragments of these utensils, the fetal bones were delicate and hard, the firing temperature was above 1,000 degrees, and there was a metal sound when knocking.

Was it during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period?

More than 5,000 years ago.

Even 6,7000 seems to be starting to have.