How much do you know about pesticides?

According to the raw materials, it can be divided into organic pesticides, inorganic pesticides, plant pesticides, and microbial pesticides. In addition, there are insect hormones. According to the processing dosage form, it can be divided into powder, wettable powder, soluble powder, emulsion, emulsifiable concentrate, concentrated emulsion, cream, paste, colloidal agent, fumigant, fumigant, fog agent, oil, granule, microparticle, etc.

Pesticides are mostly in liquid or solid form, and a few are gases. Different usage methods are used according to the type of pest or disease and the physical properties of the pesticide itself. For example, it is made into powder spreading, made into aqueous solution, suspension, emulsion spraying, or made into vapor or gas fumigation.

Detailed classification chemical structure: organophosphorus, organochlorine, pyrethroid use classification: can be divided into insecticides, fungicides, acaricides, rodenticides, herbicides, specific agents and plant growth regulators.

**Classification: It can be divided into mineral pesticides, plant pesticides, organic pesticides, microbial pesticides mode of action classification, insecticides to kill pests usually have four modes of action: contact killing, stomach toxicity, fumigation and systemic absorption. The classification of dosage forms can be divided into old dosage form emulsifiable concentrate, suspension agent, water emulsion, concentrated emulsion and micro emulsion, wettable powder, water-based dosage form and water-dispersible granules.

According to the "Pesticide Management Regulations", pesticides refer to a substance or a mixture of several substances and preparations used for the prevention and control of diseases, insects, grasses, rodents and other pests that endanger agriculture and forestry, as well as the chemical synthesis of plants and insects that purposefully regulate the growth of plants and insects. In any of the following circumstances, it is determined to be a fake pesticide: (1) passing off non-pesticides as pesticides; (2) passing off such pesticides as other pesticides; (3) The type of active ingredient contained in the pesticide is inconsistent with the active ingredient indicated on the label and instruction manual of the pesticide.

Prohibited pesticides, pesticides produced or imported without obtaining pesticide registration certificates in accordance with the law, and pesticides without labels shall be treated as fake pesticides. In any of the following circumstances, it is identified as an inferior pesticide: (1) it does not meet the quality standards of pesticide products; (2) Mixed with harmful ingredients such as causing drug damage.

Pesticides that exceed the pesticide quality assurance period shall be treated as inferior pesticides.

Dealing in fake pesticides or adding substances to pesticides, by the local people's agricultural authorities at or above the county level shall order to stop the operation, confiscate illegal gains, illegal pesticides and tools and equipment used for illegal operations, etc., the value of illegal pesticides is less than 10,000 yuan, and a fine of not less than 5,000 yuan but not more than 50,000 yuan, and the value of more than 10,000 yuan, and a fine of between 5 and 10 times the value of the goods; where a crime is constituted, criminal responsibility is pursued in accordance with law. There are many kinds of fake and inferior pesticides, some of which are insufficient, ineffective drugs, and contain harmful substances. The harm of fake and inferior pesticides is very serious, it often makes the user waste of money and manpower, and leads to poor control effect, crop diseases and pests can not be effectively controlled.

1) Passing off non-pesticides as pesticides or passing such pesticides off as pesticides of other species. (2) The type and name of the active ingredient contained in it are inconsistent with the type and name of the active ingredient of the pesticide indicated on the product label or the late Ming Dynasty. Pesticides can be used to kill insects, fungi and other organisms that harm crop growth.

The earliest pesticides used were DDT, 666, etc., which can eliminate a large number of pests. However, they have good stability, can survive in the environment for a long time, and continue to accumulate in animals, plants and humans, so they are eliminated. Later, organophosphorus pesticides, such as dichlorvos, were used instead of the original pesticides.

However, they contain phosphorus, which is prone to eutrophication of aquatic organisms. In recent years, a number of high-efficiency and low-toxicity pesticides have appeared, and now people have found pesticides with specificity, that is, hormone pesticides. According to the control object, it can be divided into insecticides, fungicides, acaricides, nematicides, rodenticides, herbicides, defoliants, plant growth regulators, etc.

Introduction: Farmers often use a lot of pesticides in the process of growing crops. However, the pesticides used in different types of crops are also different, and the scientific use of agricultural inspection and medicine can have many benefits, so what are the specific scientific methods? <>

There are many types of crops, and there are special pesticides for different crops. Therefore, when farmers spray pesticides, they must be very aware of the functional characteristics of each pesticide, as well as its main prevention and control objects, so as to be more effective and reasonable when choosing pesticides, and also make it the best effect. Of course, different pesticides are used in different ways, and many pests are also killed by different agents, such as contact agents, fumigants, systemic agents, etc.

It is very important to choose the right agent according to the characteristics of the pests and weeds. <>

Many pesticides used by farmers, their concentrations are different, and many crops are not the same to the concentration of pesticides, so before using pesticides, we must understand the various components of pesticides and the growth of crops, so as to better choose pesticides and be able to properly control the amount of pesticides. If the amount of pesticides is used too much, it will not only cause the death of crops, but also cause great pollution to the environment; If the amount of pesticide is too small, it will also lead to the efficacy of pesticides, which is very poor, making it difficult for many pests and weeds. The amount of pesticides must not be roughly estimated, but should be accurately considered according to the application area, dosage and type of crops.

When farmers use pesticides, they also need to depend on the weather conditions and temperature of the day. If the weather is too bad, such as heavy rain and strong winds, it is not possible to spray pesticides, which will not only let the pesticides flow to other places with the water and pollute the environment, but also have no effect on crops, and will not kill weeds and pests. If the temperature is too high or too low, it will have a certain impact on the effect of pesticides.

My understanding is that the scientific use of pesticides will not cause harm to the soil, nor will it cause pesticide damage, nor will it cause harm to crops, and Yuanchai will not affect the yield of crops, which can help crops grow better, can also improve crop yields, and can also make crops grow better.

It can promote the yield of crops, and at the same time, it can save a lot of costs for old reforms, and it can also be used in a reasonable manner, and it can prevent pests, which is very helpful to crops.

It can prevent pests and diseases, but also avoid pesticide damage, can improve the yield of crops, can effectively prevent and control pests and diseases, and can also reduce costs, which is very convenient to use.

In this way, it can be used to kill insects, and it can also be used to kill bacteria, and can also be used to prevent the generation of pests, and at the same time, it can also be used to increase the yield of agricultural products, and then it can also achieve the effect of weeding.

1. Types and preparations.

1) Type: According to the prevention goal, it can be divided into: insecticides, acaricides, fungicides, herbicides, rodenticides, and green plant naphthalene acetic acid.

2) According to the composition of pesticides, it can be divided into: organic chemical pesticides, natural pesticides, and potential pesticides, with organic chemical pesticides as the dominant one. In organic chemical pesticides, according to the composition of raw materials and chemical structure, they can be divided into two categories: organic chemical pesticides and inorganic pesticides.

2. According to the efficacy method, it can be divided into:

1) Insecticides (stomach poisons, contact killers, systemic agents).

2) Fungicides (defensive fungicides, therapeutic fungicides).

3) Herbicides (selective herbicides and inocide herbicides).

4) Naphthalene acetic acid in green plants: Efficacy: 1 to promote the growth and development of crops, 2 to inhibit the growth of plants, 3 to promote crop maturity, early defoliation, early withering, etc.

3. Preparations:

1) 1 granule, 2 wettable powder, 3 emulsifiable concentrate, 4 liquid, 5 tablets, 6 smoke, 7 mixed Chinese medicine preparations. There are also cigarette agents, colloidal solution agents, lozenges, soluble granules, sustained-release agents, granules, and foaming agents.

Fourth, the operation method of pesticides:

1) Sprayer method (general solvent, wettable powder, etc.), powder spraying method (granule), pouring method, poisonous soil method, seed dressing and soaking method, poisonous bait method, in addition to fumigation method, smoke method, wiping method, soil layer treatment method, and base application.

5. Application standards for pesticides:

1) Symptomatic: It is necessary to select the best pesticide according to the prevention objectives and pesticide characteristics, so as to prevent diseases reasonably, economically and safely. Generally, only insecticides are used to prevent moths, fungicides are used to prevent pests and diseases, and herbicides are used to control weeds.

2) According to the different methods of pests feeding food crops, different types of pesticides are used, small insects injured by occlusal mouthparts can use gastric poison and contact killers, and small insects injured by stinging mouthparts are treated with contact killer systemic pesticides.

Sixth, the timing of taking medicine should be right

1) For pests, the resistance of the larvae is weak, and it is most easily killed by pesticides, and the young farmers are most sensitive to drugs before the 3rd instar, so the regular pesticides should be used before the 3rd instar of the larvae.

2) For pests and diseases, the actual effect of spraying in the early stage of the disease is generally the best. In the second half of the disease, the actual effect is poor. Judging from the current preventive effect of fungicides, the actual effect of most of the prevention is much better than the first effect.

7. Application of reasonable and lower concentrations: The concentration value of pesticides is only specified to eliminate 80% of pests, and cannot be used to eliminate 100% of pests. This kind of concentration value is called a reasonably low concentration.

1) Benefits: control costs; Reduces the destructive power of pest nemesis; alleviate the cause of antimicrobial resistance; reducing air pollution; Reduced poisoning, etc.

2) Effective alternate and mixed use of pesticides: It is important to apply pesticides with similar characteristics in turn, which will improve the control effect and slow down the development of drug resistance. Effective blending can enhance the control effect and treat a variety of pests, and pest resistance will also be slowed down.

Mixing, mixing, must pass rigorous experiments before large-scale application.

Scientific dispensing and spraying are the key steps to ensure the effectiveness of prevention and control. If the drug is mixed with water, it will affect the concentration of the solution. If the concentration is too low, the efficacy will be poor, and if the concentration is too high, drug damage will occur.

In general, there are two ways to recommend the dosage of pesticide packaging, one is to use milliliters or grams per mu, which is more common in field crops; The other is how many times the liquid, which is more common in fruit and vegetable cash crops. Under normal circumstances, the agricultural material store can tell you how many acres of land or how many buckets of water in a bottle, and you can use it according to the instructions.

<> How do I mix pesticide dosage with water? Mainly through the example of illustration, first of all, the recommended water consumption, such as benzoyl-azoxystrobin suspension registered in rice sheath blight, the recommended dosage is 30-50 ml mu, according to the current farmers' drug habits, generally use a bucket (30 catties) of water, some use two or half a bucket of water, and there are also drones to apply pesticides. The dosage of liquid medicine per mu is liters (1 liter = 2 catties).

Under normal circumstances, it is better to pump more water and prevent diseases by spraying evenly. The recommended medication method, with 50% carbendazim wettable powder for fruit trees dilution concentration of 500-1000 times, generally 30 kg per bucket of water, according to the concentration of diluent dosage = original dose, that is, 15 liters 1000 = liters = 15 ml, that is, 15-30 grams of 50% carbendazim wettable powder per bucket of water.

The correct way is to dilute the pesticide ingredients to be used separately, dilute one later, and then pour them into the dispensing box and dilute the next one in turn, so as to really play the role of secondary dilution to improve the efficacy. And the dilution has a sequential order, but also commonly used to put foliar fertilizer, wettable powder, water dispersible granules, is a suspension agent, small emulsion, water emulsion, water agent, re-emulsion, each added to the full stirring.

How to spray scientifically? First of all, the focus of scientific spraying is on the weather. Because temperature and humidity will affect the efficacy of the drug, if the dew is applied in the morning when the dew is not dry, the dew will dilute the concentration of the solution; Pesticides can not be applied in rainy days, and sprayed in rain within 1 hour after application; Temperatures that are too high or too low can affect the efficacy of the drug, especially when using herbicides.

Generally speaking, it is good to choose a temperature in the range of 20-30 for medication.

When using pesticides, we should pay attention to the weather conditions and temperature, spray pesticides in an appropriate amount and do not spray too much or too little, spray drugs according to the area of crops, pick some suitable agents, and spray different agents according to different crops.

When using it, it needs to be close to the growth of crops, and it is necessary to choose the right pesticides, spray them according to the dosage, spray them on the roots of crops, and it is best not to spray them when it rains.

We must prescribe the right medicine, seize the critical period of preventing pests and diseases, do not use drugs continuously, pay attention to the amount of medication, but also pay attention to the situation of drug damage, pay attention to the use of drugs.