Twenty four solar terms, seventy two songs and explanations

Twenty-four solar terms

The solar terms refer to the 24 seasons and climate, which is a supplementary calendar formulated in ancient China to guide agricultural affairs, and is the crystallization of the long-term experience and wisdom of the working people of the Han nationality.

Because ancient China was an agrarian society, agriculture needed to strictly understand the sun's fortune, and agriculture was completely carried out according to the sun, so the "24 solar terms" that reflected the sun's cycle were added to the calendar as the standard for determining the leap month. The 24 solar terms of Chinese orthodoxy are based on the Yellow River Valley.

for the standard. One solar term every fifteen days.

Some people compile the 24 solar terms into a smooth mouth to make it easy to remember: "The rain shocks the spring and the valley sky, and the summer is full and the summer and summer are connected." Autumn dew, autumn frost, winter snow and snow and winter small and big cold. There are two sessions per month that do not change, with a maximum difference of one or two days. In the first half of the year.

Sixth, twenty-one, the second half of the year.

Eight, twenty-three. ”

On November 30, 2016, China's "24 solar terms" was officially inscribed on the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.

List. Seventy-two waits

"Seventy-two Candidates" is based on animals, plants and other natural phenomena in the Yellow River Basin.

The signs of change are used to illustrate the changes in solar terms and serve as the basis for agricultural activities in the Yellow River Basin. It is based on five days as a season, 365 days a year (common year) for 72 days, and 24 solar terms.

Correspondingly, it is stipulated that the three candidates are one section (qi), and there are a total of 72 conditions in a year.

The "weather" of 72 should include two categories: abiotic and biological, the former such as "the water begins to dry up", "the east wind thaws", "the rainbow begins to see", "the earth begins to freeze", etc.; The latter has animals and plants, such as "Hong Yan Lai", "Tiger Shijiao", "Ping Shisheng", and "Bitter Herb".

Show", "Peach Shihua" and so on.

Some people have also made a mantra for the seventy-two candidates to make it easy to remember: "Five days for the wait, three for the air, six for the hour, four for the year, a total of 72 solar terms in a year." Each phenology corresponds to a phenological phenomenon, and the phenology responds. ”

Four hours, eight sections, twenty-four qi and seventy-two waiting methods:

The first month of the beginning of spring is the finger of the man, and the rain is the middle of the month.

Sting the nails of the February Festival, and the spring equinox in February.

Qingming March Festival Dou Zhi B, Gu Yu March Dou Zhi Chen.

Lixia April Festival Dou Xun Zhi, Xiaoman.

In April, the fight was pointed out.

Mangzhong May Festival Dou Zhi C, summer solstice May Dou Zhi noon.

Xiao Xia. Juneteenth Dou refers to Ding, and the summer heat in June refers to Wei.

The beginning of autumn and July is the beginning of the autumn and the seventh month of the year is the middle of the summer.

White Dew August Festival.

Dou Zhi Geng, autumn equinox in August in the middle of the bucket finger unitary.

The cold dew in September refers to Xin, and the frost falls in September.

Lidong October Festival.

Bucket finger dry, light snow in October.

Heavy snow in November, winter solstice in November.

The small cold December festival fights the fingers, and the big cold December fights the ugly.

The 24 solar terms are traditional Chinese meteorological and agricultural festivals, reflecting the characteristics of traditional Chinese culture that attach importance to seasonal changes and astronomical meteorology. The 72 Zodiac is based on the 24 solar terms, which divides the year into 72 solar terms, each of which is called a season, to express the subtle differences in seasons and weather changes. The following are the 24 solar terms and 72 songs and explanations:

Spring. Waiting for geese to fly north, pines and cypresses sprout.

Rainwater. Waiting for the otter to sacrifice fish, the grass and trees sprout.

Stinged. Waiting for the thunder to speak, the peach to start the flower.

Equinox. Migratory birds are singing and flowers are blooming all over the ground.

Clear and bright. Waiting for the tiger to start handing over, Xuanniao to.

Gu Yu. Hou Ping was born, and the bird danced first.

Lixia. Waiting for the mole to chirp, the earthworm to come out.

Xiaoman. Waiting for the locusts to grow.

Miscanthus species. Waiting for the fireflies to come out, the wheat autumn solstice.

Summer solstice. Waiting for the rotting grass to be fireflies, and the antlers are solved.

Xiao Xia. Waiting for the temperature and wind to arrive, crickets live on the wall.

Great heat. The migratory eagle is a sacrificial bird, and the soil moistens the heat.

Autumn. Wait for the cool breeze to arrive, and the white dew falls.

Heat. Waiting for the beginning of heaven and earth, the birds are ashamed.

Lu. Wait for the wild goose to come.

Autumnal equinox. Hou Lei Zang did not make a sound, and the insect began to flutter its wings.

Cold dew. The ducks are on the lake, and the frost begins to fall.

Frost. The jackal is a sacrifice to the dog, and the water is ice.

Beginning of winter. Waiting for geese to rest in the north, birds to fly in the south.

Light snow. The rainbow is gone, and the weather is rising.

Heavy snow. Migratory birds do not sing, and insects become stronger.

Winter solstice. Waiting for the horns of the elk to be taken off, the water spring moves.

Xiao Han. Waiting for the geese to return to the south, the toys become ice.

The Great Cold. Waiting for the geese to pass away, the fish hide at the bottom of the ice.

The phenomena and changes described in the 24 solar terms and the 72 songs reflect the ancient Chinese people's observation and cognition of the changes in the natural world, and play an important role in guiding and regulating agricultural production.

The 4 solar terms are: the beginning of spring, rain, stunning, vernal equinox, Qingming, Guyu, Lixia, Xiaoman, mangzhong, summer solstice, small heat, great heat, beginning of autumn, summer heat, white dew, autumn equinox, cold dew, frost, beginning of winter, light snow, heavy snow, winter solstice, small cold, big cold.

Lichun: Lichun means the beginning, and Lichun is the beginning of spring.

Rain: Rainfall begins and gradually increases.

Sting: Stinging means to hide. Stinging refers to the sudden movement of spring thunder, which wakes up animals that are hibernating in the soil.

Vernal equinox: Equinox means equinox. The vernal equinox indicates the equinox of day and night.

Qingming: The weather is sunny and the vegetation is luxuriant.

Gu Yu: Rain gives birth to a hundred grains. Rainfall is abundant and timely, and cereal crops can thrive.

Beginning of summer: The beginning of summer.

Xiaoman: The grains of summer crops such as wheat are beginning to plump.

Miscanthus seeds: Wheat and other miscanthus crops are ripe.

Summer solstice: The hot summer is coming.

Xiaoxia: 夏 means hot. A small summer is when the climate starts to get hot.

Great heat: The hottest time of the year.

Beginning of Autumn: The beginning of autumn.

Heat: It means to terminate and hide. It means the end of a hot summer day.

White dew: The weather is cooler, and the dew is condensed and white.

Autumnal equinox: Equinox of day and night.

Cold dew: The dew is cold and will freeze.

Frost falls: The weather is getting colder and frost is starting to appear.

Beginning of winter: The beginning of winter.

Light snow: It starts to snow.

Heavy snowfall: Snowfall increases and the ground may be covered with snow.

Winter solstice: The cold winter is coming.

Xiaohan: The climate is starting to get cold.

Big Chill: The coldest time of the year.

The formula of the seventy-two seasons is to wait for five days, three for the air, six for the hour, four for the year, and a total of 72 for the 24 solar terms in a year. Each phenology corresponds to a phenological phenomenon, and the phenology responds.

Among them, the plant phenology should include the bud germination, flowering, and fruiting of the plant; Animal phenology should include the initiation of vibration, initiation, mating, migration, etc.; Abiotic phenology should include the beginning of freezing, thawing, and the beginning of thunder. The sequential changes in the seventy-two weather responses reflect the general pattern of climate change over the course of the year.

Twenty-four solar termsIt is the earliest calendar in China that combines astronomy, meteorology and phenological knowledge to guide agricultural activities. The ancients in China took five days as a wait, so that the twenty-four solar terms in a year were divided into seventy-two phases. Each phenology corresponds to a phenological phenomenon, and the phenology responds.

So now let's take a look at what the 24 solar terms and 72 signs are.

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Beginning of spring: one waits for the east wind to thaw, the second waits for the stinging insects to start vibrating, and the third waits for the fish to bear the ice. It is said that the east wind warms up, and the earth begins to thaw.

Five days after the beginning of spring, the stinging insects slowly wake up in the hole, and after another five days, the ice in the river begins to melt, and the fish begin to swim to the surface of the water.

Rainwater: a reed sacrificial fish; The second waits for the wild goose to come; Three waiting for the grass and trees to sprout and persuade. At this time, the otters begin to fish, placing the fish on the shore as if they were sacrificed before eating; After five days, the geese began to fly back from the south to the north; After another five days, in the spring rain of "moisturizing things silently", the plants and trees began to pull out buds with the rising yang energy in the ground.

Since then, the earth has gradually begun to show a thriving scene.

Stinging: A peach Shihua; Two waiting for Cang Geng (Huang Li) to sing; Three migratory eagles turned into doves. It is described as the season when peach blossoms are red, plum blossoms are white, yellow warblers are chirping, and swallows are flying, and most areas have entered spring ploughing.

When the various insects that hibernate in the soil are awakened, the eggs of the insects that have passed the winter will also begin to egg, which shows that the sting is a solar term that reflects the natural phenological phenomenon.

Vernal equinox: a migratory bird solstice; The second is to wait for Lei Nai to speak; Three waiting for the start of the call. It means that after the spring equinox, swallows come from the south, and when it rains, the sky thunders and lightning.

Qingming: a wait for Tong Shihua; The second waiting vole turned into a quail; Three waiting for the rainbow to see. It means that at this time, the white paulownia flowers bloom first, then the shade-loving voles disappear and all return to their underground holes, and then the rainbow can be seen in the sky after the rain.

Gu Yu: A waiting for Ping to be born; The second is to whisk its feathers; The third candidate is Dai Ren and surrenders to Sang. It is said that after the valley rains, the rainfall increases, the duckweed begins to grow, and then the cuckoo begins to remind people to sow seeds, and then the hoopoe begins to be seen on the mulberry trees.

Four o'clock: spring, summer, autumn, winter.

Eight festivals: the beginning of spring, the beginning of summer, the beginning of autumn, the beginning of winter, the spring equinox, the autumn equinox, the summer solstice, the winter solstice.

Seventy-two waits, five days for one wait, three for one period, six for one breath, and seventy-two for one year.

The wood is said to be straight, and the roots and branches of the tree are spreading and growing around, and the wood represents spring.

Under the water moon, winter is the time when all things are closed, the yang energy sinks, the earth qi falls, the qi descends, the latent and converges, and the water has this characteristic, and the mass is represented by water.

The replacement of spring, summer, autumn and winter is the change and movement process of the natural qi machine and the large ruler, and the ancients used the five elements to explain this change more vividly.

The 24 solar terms and their explanations are as follows:

The spring rain shocks the spring and the valley sky, and the summer is full of mangs and the summer and summer are connected. Autumn dew, autumn frost, winter snow and snow and winter small and big cold. The 24 solar terms song is a way to remember and describe the 24 solar terms in the Chinese lunar calendar.

The song briefly describes the names and characteristics of each solar term through lyrics.

The analysis is as follows:

The beginning of spring is the beginning of spring, which means the end of winter and the beginning of spring. During this period, crops begin to grow, the weather becomes warmer, and the days are longer and the nights are shorter. Rainfall refers to the increase in precipitation, and the rain begins to become more frequent.

This period is a critical period for farmland irrigation. The sting means that the weather is getting warmer, the spring thunder is beginning to sound, and the dormant insects and animals are beginning to wake up.

The vernal equinox is the midpoint of spring, when day and night are equinoxed, the temperature is suitable, everything recovers, and the fields begin to be sown. In the Qingming season, the grass and trees are verdant, and the flowers bloom and butterflies dance. People worship their ancestors and sweep the tombs on this day, which is also a good time for spring outing.

Guyu is the last solar term of spring, which indicates that the planted crops enter the harvest season and is also the period when the grains are ripe.

The beginning of summer is the beginning of the summer of Moshouyin, the weather begins to get hotter, the crops enter the growing season, and they begin to need watering and fertilization. Xiaoman means that the grains are starting to bear fruit, and the plants in the field are luxuriant, and pest control needs to be carried out in time. Miscanthus seed indicates that the rice has begun to tassel and the wheat has begun to sprout.

During this period, it is necessary to control insects and diseases in time to ensure the yield of crops.

The summer solstice is the longest time of day of the year and the midpoint of summer. Temperatures reach high peaks, and crops in the fields need to be watered in a timely manner. The heat heat represents a further increase in temperature, the weather is hot, and the crops in the farmland need to be strengthened to protect themselves from the sun and insects.

The heat is the hottest time of the year, with temperatures peaking and crops need to be managed to prevent pests and diseases.

The beginning of autumn is the beginning of autumn, when the weather gradually cools and crops begin to enter the maturity period, which requires intensive management and harvesting. The heat means that the temperature starts to drop, the number of people who travel to escape the heat gradually decreases, and the crops in the fields need to be picked in time. White dew is the third solar term of autumn, and the temperature is low at night, and dew appears.

The crop harvest is coming to an end.