The stage understanding of management and the stage division of the formation of management

Robbins's management, or Xia Shuzhang's.

The hallmark of the formation of management is the emergence of scientific management theory. 

Before the formation of management science, it can be divided into two stages: the early stage of management practice and management thought (from the beginning of human collective labor to the 18th century) and the embryonic stage of management generation (from the 18th century to the end of the 19th century). 

After the formation of management, it is divided into three stages: the classical management theory stage (from the beginning of the 20th century to the 30s of the 20th century, before the emergence of behavioral science theory), the neoclassical management theory stage (from the 30s of the 20th century to the 60s of the 20th century, mainly referring to the formation and development of behavioral science theory) and the modern management theory stage (from the 60s of the 20th century to the present). 

Before the formation of management science, it was divided into two stages: the early stage of management practice and management thought (from human labor to the 18th century), and the embryonic stage of management thought (from the end of the 18th century to the 19th century).

After the formation of management science, it is divided into three stages: the classical management theory stage (from the beginning of the 20th century to the 30s of the 20th century before the formation of the behavioral science school), the modern management theory stage (from the 30s of the 20th century to the 80s of the 20th century, mainly the behavioral science school and the management theory jungle), and the contemporary management theory stage (from the 80s of the 20th century to the present).

There are three stages in a general textbook:

End of the century The traditional management phase of the end of the 19th century. This stage reveals the separation of managerial functions from the work of the body, and the management work is carried out by the individual capitalist, which is characterized by the fact that everything is done on the basis of personal experience.

The stage of scientific management in the 20-40s of the century. At this stage, there was a separation between the capitalists and the managers, and the managers summed up the management experience, systematized it, and developed it, and gradually formed a set of scientific management theories. Taylor, the originator of scientific management.

The modern management stage after the 50s of the century: from the qualitative concept of the economy to the quantitative analysis, the use of mathematical decision-making methods, and the extensive use of electronic computers for control in various management.

The development of management theory in the 20th century.

After six stages of the source:

End of the century BAI The traditional DU management stage of the early 20th century. zhi The stage of scientific DAO management in the 20-30s of the century (the formation of classical management theory).

The development stage of the jungle of behavioral science theory and management theory in the 30s of the 60s of the century.

In the 30s and 60s of the century, the development stage of enterprise organization theory based on strategic management.

The stage of enterprise reengineering theory and corporate culture management theory in the 80s and early 90s of the century.

6. The stage of organizational management theory in the era of globalization and knowledge economy after the 90s.

1) Scientific management stage.

At the beginning of the 20th century, Efriedric? Represented by Taylor and others, he founded the school of scientific management theory and promoted the large-scale promotion and development of scientific management practice in the United States. Taylor proposed the "piecework wage system" and the "hourly wage system", and proposed the implementation of labor quota management.

In 1911, Taylor published the book "Principles of Scientific Management", which laid the foundation of scientific management theory, so he was called the "father of scientific management" by the Western management circles.

b) Industrial Psychology Stage.

The research results of psychologists represented by German psychologist Hugo Munsterberg and others have promoted the scientific process of personnel management. Hugo Munsterberg's Psychology and Industrial Efficiency, published in 1913, marked the birth of industrial psychology.

3) Interpersonal relationship management stage.

In 1929, Mayo, a professor at Harvard University in the United States, led a research team to the Hawthorne factory of the Westinghouse Electric Company in the United States to conduct a nine-year Hawthorne experiment.

By 1910, the experience management stage: "rule by man", the main operators relied on personal intuition and experience for decision-making and management.

By 1980, the stage of scientific management: "rule of law" was buried, relying on scientific systems to achieve high efficiency.

Over the years, the cultural management stage: "Hengye Tourism and Culture", relying on the construction of corporate culture to drive the operation and management of enterprises to a higher level.

Several stages of the formation and development of management.

A:(1) Classical management theory stage; The period from the emergence of Taylor's scientific management theory at the beginning of the 20th century to the emergence of behavioral science theory in the 30s of the 20th century.

2) theories of interpersonal relations and behavioral sciences; The period from the 30s of the 20th century to the 50s of the 20th century mainly refers to the formation and development of behavioral science theories.

3) Management Theory Jungle; At this stage, various schools of management theory were formed, which are characterized by comprehensiveness, systematization and precision.

4) Strategic Management; Due to the drastic changes in the external environment and the market, enterprises are required to carry out long-term thinking in order to seek long-term stable development of enterprises, and considering external changes and formulating strategies are the characteristics of strategic sail management.

5) Total Quality Management; In the late 70s and early 80s of the 20th century, continuous improvement and so on were the characteristics of total quality management.

6) Learning Organization Theory; After 1990, the management theory that meets the requirements of the knowledge economy and the information age, represented by the theory of learning organization, emerged, and Zheng Jian formed many effective theories and methods.

Management is a knowledge that must be mastered by those who are engaged in business management. Just as doctors must study basic medicine, physicists must learn basic physics. Management is a comprehensive interdisciplinary discipline that systematically studies the basic laws and general methods of management activities.

Management science is to meet the needs of modern socialization, and the purpose is to study how to improve the level of productivity through rational organization and allocation (human, financial, material) and other factors under the existing conditions.

Management refers to the process of integrating the resources of the organization and achieving the set goals of the organization through the implementation of planning, organization, leadership, control and other functions in a specific environment.