How much was the tax in ancient China? In ancient times, taxes were collected in a few percent

The well field system is about 10 taxes and one; In the Qin Dynasty, it was about two taxes and one; In the Han Dynasty, it was 1 to 30 taxes of 1 from 15 to 30 taxes; In the Sui and Tang dynasties, the rent was adjusted, and the tax was only related to the head: every Ding sent 2 stones of millet to the state every year, 2 zhang of silk and 3 taels of cotton (or 2 zhang and 4 feet of cloth, 3 catties of hemp), and served for 20 days (or 3 feet of silk or cloth ruler per day); At the end of the Tang Dynasty, the tax amount was apportioned according to the area of cultivated land and the level of households, and the landless merchants were taxed at 30 taxes; In the Song Dynasty, the tax was calculated according to the amount and quality of the land, while the tax law in the Yuan Dynasty was more chaotic, probably using the rent adjustment in the north and the two taxes in the south; The Ming Dynasty adopted a whip method, and many items such as comprehensive taxation and forced labor were more complicated to calculate; In the Qing Dynasty, the tax was further reduced. In general, tax revenues have remained largely below one-tenth.

Of course, this is a data that does not take into account tax evasion by large households and corruption in officialdom.

The official positions of different dynasties are different, especially the official positions that have existed for a long time, so it is difficult. Thirty tax means that for every thirty yuan of income, one yuan must be paid to the government. Another:

During the Han Dynasty and before, Taifu was not a vain but one of the three dukes, in a central position, and could even temporarily become a real ruler when the Son of Heaven was weak.

Most of the time the tax rate is fifteen tax one. In addition to taxes, the people also have to serve, and the best places set up names or something, and the country overcharges taxes or something when it fights a war, then it is possible to get infinitely close to 100%.

。For modern people, taxes basically do not burden people's lives, but in ancient times it was completely different. So how were taxes and taxes paid in ancient times? Today, let's improve our knowledge together with an interesting historical series.

When it comes to taxation, it originated very early and was not a feudal society.

Exclusive. Primitive society.

of people do not pay taxes, and their own things are their own. However, as the population grows and the ethnic groups expand, conflicts often arise between large groups in order to compete for territory and resources, and eventually turn into wars. In order to cope with the war, some people will exist as warriors, their duty is to protect their own tribe and rob other people's tribes, but they do not have the time and energy to find food and grow melons and fruits.

So in order to support these people, the leader of the tribe decided to give a part of the food and grain of each person to the tribe, and the tribe gave it to these soldiers. This is the prototype and origin of taxation.

The word "tax" also reveals a lot of information. The left side of the word "tax" represents grain, and the right side represents "exchange", so we can know that the early tax must have been grain, and its function was to exchange land use rights.

Of course, on the left side of the word "Fu" is "Bei", the shell is the earliest currency, and on the right is "Wu".

During the period of slavery, all the land in the world was imperial, and the peasants who used the land were required to pay a grain tax on the land. The nobility paid taxes called tribute, and the amount was not limited, and the commoners had to pay taxes according to the prescribed amount. Shang and Zhou periods.

The well field system is adopted, that is, a piece of land is divided into nine plots, eight of which are owned by individuals and one is publicly owned, which can be cultivated together. It seems like two worlds.

The best of the best. In fact, people are very concerned about their eight plots of land, but they are perfunctory about the public land, which leads to a bad harvest on the public land. To solve the situation, the land was gradually changed to be owned by the people, but one-ninth of the harvest needed to be handed over.

Later, due to the shortage of land, the state advocated the reclamation of land without paying taxes. As a result, all the people went to clear the land, but no one wanted to cultivate ordinary land.

Later, there were systems such as the "rent leveling system", "one-tenth tax", and "division of land and mu". As dynasties changed, so did the tax system. Even now, the tax system is constantly being optimized, which is also a major event for the benefit of the country and the people.

Originally, in the primitive society, everyone was equal, and everyone lived a small life of self-sufficiency, but later the population increased, and there was an intersection between tribes, and contradictions arose. Everyone can pinch up if they don't agree with each other

So people are divided into two kinds of people, one is to go out to fight - that is, soldiers, and the other is to work at home - that is, small people, but those who go out to fight for everyone's safety, production income will definitely be affected, so how to make up for their losses?

can only rely on the people to help, so at the beginning, "tax" was not called "tax", but "fu", which can be understood as "protection fee".

From then on, the common people handed over a part of their grain to the state: for the state"money", the state uses this food to feed soldiers and civil servants, and at the same time bears another tax burden, that is, conscription: to contribute to the country, such as building the Great Wall.

emmmm is actually pretty much the same as we have now. But what we pay now is the difference between money and manpower.

The earliest taxation in China began with Lu Xuangong 2,500 years ago.

In the beginning, taxes were not called taxes, but "initial taxes", which were agricultural taxes. It is recorded in the "Historical Records" that "the Xia Hou clan paid fifty tributes" was the prototype of taxation. However, before the emergence of the state, there was no tax in the strict sense, and tax collection went through a development process of "free payment" - voluntary commitment - "state compulsion".

During the Western Zhou Dynasty and the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, ancient China had long implemented a tax system based on land tax and supplemented by commercial tax. This system has been gradually completed in the Qin and Han dynasties, the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties on the basis of the continuous reform and improvement, to the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, the uniform field system was destroyed, land annexation is flourishing, so in the continuous clearing of acres of land, on the basis of sorting out the cadastre, to achieve the combined collection of land, households, and taxes, and strengthen the collection system of taxes and salt, tea, wine and other goods, in the later period of commercial tax and goods became an important part of China's fiscal revenue at the end of feudalism.

The ancients in ancient times paid taxes like this, the ancient fields were divided, and then according to the size of the field to pay rice, every time it came to pay taxes, there would be a special container for measuring rice, commonly known as buckets, and it was measured by the bucket to judge whether you paid less taxes, which was the ancient ancients who paid taxes.

The ancients had many ways to pay taxes, including the tax payment method of integrating the poll tax into the field rent, and the feudal lord who took people to the serfs and took what he saw to pay taxes.

Ancient taxation was a collection of taxes and other contributions collected in various ways, and was a core component of many economic systems, and was one of the revenues necessary for the proper functioning of a country. In ancient times, taxation was an important manifestation of the ruling power of the state and an important pillar of the country's economy. But in ancient societies, the way and proportions of taxes were collected were very different from those of modern times.

The proportion of taxes collected in ancient times varied depending on the era and region. In the early days of our country, peasants had to pay land rent, land levy, and poll tax. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, wars were frequent and required a lot of resources and financial resources.

During the Qin Dynasty, a policy of emphasizing agriculture and suppressing commerce was implemented, which clearly stipulated that land must pay a certain amount of taxes. At the same time, the Qin Dynasty also implemented a new monetary system that collected direct taxes. By the time of the Tang Dynasty, the proportion of total tax revenue in a year had increased to about 30%.

During the Song Dynasty, due to the invasion of the Jin Dynasty and the corruption at that time, the tax rate changed greatly, and the tax rate was raised to about 50%.

It can be seen that the proportion of tax revenue in ancient times was relatively high, basically more than 30%. This is because the expenses of the state in ancient societies were generally based on the daily life of the army, the imperial court and officials, and the tax burden was a bit heavy for the lives of peasants and the poor. In ancient times, agricultural production was the basic economy, and the proportion of taxes borne by the peasants accounted for the majority of the total national income, which led to the rise of the peasants' production costs, and also led to the deterioration of the peasants' living and production conditions.

In conclusion, the proportion of taxes collected in ancient times varied from time to time and from region to region. Compared with modern times, the ancient tax base was relatively less extensive and the tax transparency was relatively low. Although the proportion of taxes collected in ancient times was relatively high, this does not mean that the tax contribution corresponds to the actual state expenditure. <>

For a long time, ancient China implemented a tax system based on land tax (including household tax and Ding tax attached to land), supplemented by commercial tax (including customs duties and municipal tax). This tax system was initially formed in the Western Zhou Dynasty and the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period; The Qin and Han dynasties have gradually become complete; During the Wei, Jin, Northern and Southern Dynasties and Sui and Tang dynasties, they were constantly reformed and improved on the basis of Juntian.

In the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, with the destruction of the uniform land system, the wind of land annexation became more and more prosperous, on the basis of constantly clearing the acres of land and sorting out the cadastre, the combined collection of land, household and Ding taxes was gradually realized, and the collection system of commercial tax and salt, tea, wine and other goods tax was strengthened, so that the commercial tax and the tax on goods became an important part of the national fiscal revenue at the end of China's feudal period.

The main item of fiscal revenue in the feudal dynasty was taxation, and taxation was a kind of taxation system in which agricultural tax was the basic financial guarantee and other taxes were supplemented.

However, the proportion of taxes varies from one historical period to another. The overall direction of change is that the proportion of agricultural tax is gradually decreasing, and the tax revenue of industry and commerce is gradually increasing. Before the Qin Dynasty, the national fiscal revenue basically relied on agricultural taxes, after the Qin Dynasty, the salt and iron taxes gradually became stricter, after the Tang Dynasty, the proportion of industrial and commercial taxes increased significantly, the Song Dynasty began to increase the proportion of taxes, to the Qing Dynasty taxes were more mature and developed, and the customs and property circulation taxes surged.

By the late Qing Dynasty, the agricultural tax accounted for about 70%-80% of the total tax revenue, and the rest was the sum of other taxes.

Historically, the income from war and confiscation was also counted as dynastic fiscal revenue, but it was often "earmarked" (such as burning to reward soldiers or meritorious soldiers), although its amount was sometimes huge, but compared with the national tax, it was neither regular, nor measurable and controllable, so it did not constitute an indicator of regular fiscal revenue.

1. Classified by tax:

The tax system with the number of people as the main basis of taxation includes: household system, rent regulation, rent regulation;

The tax system based on land and property is mainly taxed: the initial tax per mu, the decline of the land, the two tax laws, the average tax law of square fields, the whip law, and the land and silver.

The system of taxation of money: the conscription law, a whip law, and the apportionment of the mu;

2. Understanding the ancient Chinese tax system.

The main trends in the evolution of the taxation system in feudal society are as follows: (1) With the gradual relaxation of the personal control of the peasants by the feudal rulers, the taxation standard gradually changed from the main person to the land, with the two tax laws of the Tang Dynasty as the main symbol. (2) With the development of the feudal economy, mainly the development of the commodity economy, the taxation gradually changed from being mainly based on goods to mainly on money, and the whip law of the Ming Dynasty was the main symbol.

3) The types of tax collection changed from complicated to simple, marked by a whip law in the Ming Dynasty. (4) The time of taxation has gradually developed from irregular time to basic time, marked by the two tax laws. (5) The peasants have developed from having to serve a certain period of conscription and military service to being able to pay for silk on behalf of the peasants"Yong"for the flag.

6) With the development of the commodity economy, the commodity tax has gradually increased.

How to look at the feudal rulers' alleviation of tax exploitation of peasants: Feudal rulers relatively reduced their tax exploitation of peasants in a certain historical period.

Finish. Consolidating feudal rule, but also referring to the gods for.

Finish. Exploitation will be exacerbated in the future. Generally speaking, at the beginning of the establishment of a new dynasty, due to the heavy blow of the peasant uprising or the destruction of the long-term war, the society was relatively poor, and the ruler absorbed the teachings of the previous dynasty and adopted some more soothing policies to reduce the oppression and exploitation of the working people to a certain extent, so as to restore and develop the social economy.

Once the social economy is restored and wealth increases, the ruling class will re-intensify its exploitation of the people.