The origin of multiplication, what is the origin of multiplication

The multiplication formula (also known as "ninety-nine songs") has been produced in China for a long time. As far back as the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Jiujiu Song has been widely used by people. In many of the writings of the But, some of the multiplication formulas have been cited.

The original ninety-nine song is from "ninety-nine-eighty-one" to "two-two-two-four", with a total of 36 mantras. The excavated "bamboo and wood slips" of the Han Dynasty and the ancient "Jiujiu Shu Remnant Wood Slips" found in Dunhuang all started from "9981". The name "ninety-nine" is the first two words of the formula.

Around the 5th and 10th centuries AD, the mantra "ninety-nine" was expanded to include "one and one as one". It was only around the Song Dynasty (A.D.) that the order of the ninety-nine songs became the same as that used in modern times, that is, from "one to one as one" to "nine nine eighty-one". The 45 formulas contained in Yuan Zhu Shijie's book "Enlightenment of Arithmetic" have changed from "one by one" to "ninety-nine", and are called the nine-number method.

There are two kinds of multiplication formulas used now, one is 45 sentences, which is usually called Xiao Jiujiu; There is also an 81-sentence one, which is commonly known as the big ninety-nine. It is recorded in the book that Da Jiujiu was first seen in the "Algorithm Dacheng" written by Chen Jie in the Qing Dynasty.

Multiplication symbols. In 1631, the English mathematician William Oughtred (1574-1660) proposed the use of the symbol " " to represent multiplication. Later, although some people disapproved of this symbol, thinking that it was too similar to the Latin letter X, it is still used today.

Another multiplication symbol, " " was first used by the French mathematician Leibniz.

History of the origin of multiplication: The multiplication sign was pioneered by the English mathematician Altred. He introduced this notation in his 1631 book, The Key to Mathematics.

It is said to have been derived from the variation of the addition symbol, because multiplication was developed from the continuous addition of the same number.

Multiplication refers to a shortcut to add up the same numbers. The result is called the product, and "x" is the multiplier sign. From a philosophical point of view, multiplication is the result of a qualitative change caused by the quantitative change of addition.

The multiplication of integers (including negative numbers), rational numbers (fractions), and real numbers is defined by the systematic generalization of this basic definition.

Division: Division was originally used by Varys in England and was later popularized in England. The original meaning of division is to divide, and the horizontal line in the middle of the division symbol separates the upper and lower parts, which vividly represents "divide".

At this point, the four operation symbols were complete, and at that time they were far from being widely adopted by all countries.

Division is one of the four operations. Knowing the product of two factors and one of the factors, the operation of finding the other factor is called division. The division of two numbers is also called the ratio of two numbers.

If ab is equal to c (b is not equal to 0), the operation of finding another factor a with the product c and the factor b is division, which is written as c divided by b, which is read as c divided by b (or b divided by c). c is called the dividend, b is called the divisor, and the result a of the operation is called the quotient.

The concept and meaning of multiplication are as follows:

The concept of multiplication: one of the basic operations in mathematics. The simplest is the multiplication of positive integers, that is, a simple algorithm for adding several identical numbers in a row, and multiplying the added number by the number of consecutive additions.

The meaning of multiplication: its essence is to find the simple operation of the sum of several identical additions, and this meaning is the same in the past and in today's textbooks.

Multiplication in ancient times:

Multiplication is one of the basic operations in mathematics. Suppose a times b equals c, i.e. denoted as ab=c or a·b=c.

In ancient China, multiplication calculations were performed using arithmetic chips. There are three levels of multiplication: the upper position is the multiplier, the median is the product, and the lower position is the multiplier.

First, the largest digit of the multiplier is multiplied by the multiplier, and after the multiplication, the calculation chip of this person is removed, and then the second digit is used to multiply, and the product of the two digits is added to the number on the corresponding digit, until the multiplication is finished.

For example, 81 81, first put the multiplier and the multiplied in the upper and lower positions respectively. Multiply 80 by 81 to get 6480, and when you run out, you drop it. Multiply 81 by 1 to get 81 and add it to 6480, which is equal to 6561.

Multiplication is derived from addition, which is a quick calculation of addition. Multiplication is introduced when multiple identical numbers are added together to improve the efficiency of the calculation. Multiplication refers to a shortcut to add up the same numbers. The result is called the product, and "x" is the multiplier sign.

The origin of multiplication is supposed to come from ancient Greece.

The meaning of multiplication is a simple operation that represents the sum of several identical additions.

Definition: 1. It refers to a shortcut to add the same number. The result of this operation is called the product.

2. It refers to a number or quantity, how many times it has increased. For example, 4 times 5 means that 4 increases the multiplier by 5, which can also be said to be 5 4 consecutive additions.