What is the role of silicon in CPUs? And how is it refined?

Pure silicon (Si) is extracted from quartz ore (the main ingredient silica) in nature and reacts in several steps:

1.Silica and carbon powder react at high temperatures to form crude silicon

SiO2+2C==SI (coarse) +2CO

2.Crude silicon and chlorine react at high temperatures to form silicon chloride

Si (coarse) + 2Cl2 = = SiCl4

3.Silicon chloride and hydrogen are reacted at high temperatures to obtain pure silicon

SiCl4 + 2H2 = = Si (pure) + 4HCl above is the industrial manufacturing method of silicon, and purer silicon can be prepared by the following methods in the laboratory:

1.Fine sand powder (SiO2) and magnesium powder are mixed and heated to make crude silicon

SiO2+2mg==2mgo+Si (coarse).

2.These crude silicons often contain magnesium, magnesium oxide, and magnesium silicide, which can be removed with hydrochloric acid

mg+2hcl==mgcl2+h2

mgo+2hcl==mgcl2+h2o

mg2si+4hcl==2mgcl2+sih43.Filtration, the filter residue is pure silicon.

Industrial Nomei silicon chemical equation:

2C+SiO2==High temperature 2CO+Si (to obtain crude silicon) Si+2Cl2==SiCl4

2H2+SiCl4==High temperature Si+4HCl (to obtain refined silicon) <>

Physical properties of silicon:1. There are two kinds of allotropic heteromorphic shapes of amorphous silicon and crystalline silicon.

2. Crystalline silicon is gray-black, amorphous wide ridge refers to silicon black, density, melting point 1410, boiling point 2355, crystalline silicon belongs to atomic crystals.

3. Insoluble in water, nitric acid and hydrochloric acid, soluble in hydrofluoric acid and lye.

4. Hard and metallic luster.

The role of silicone grease on the CPU There will inevitably be gaps between the heatsink on the motherboard and the CPU, so it is necessary to use thermal grease to fill the gap between the CPU and the heatsink. The effect of thermal conductivity is improved by increasing the contact area between the two. However, it should be noted that because the thermal conductivity of the metal heat sink is much stronger than that of the thermal grease, the thermal grease used here is only used to fill the gaps, not to connect the CPU and the heat sink.

There are three main types of DIY thermal grease on the market: white thermal grease, gray thermal grease and a rare black thermal grease. > White Thermal Book Grease:

This type of thermal grease is the most common. At room temperature is a viscous liquid state, due to the addition of different content of metal silver powder in the silicone grease and divided into several grades, the difference is that their viscosity is different, and the composition of the metal silver powder is the better the heat dissipation effect, of course, the higher its **. Gray thermal grease:

This kind of thermal grease is the original thermal grease of Intel company, it adds a certain amount of graphite powder to the thermal grease to enhance the thermal conductivity effect, if you feel that there is not enough graphite powder in this grease, you can also add some yourself. Place the gray thermal grease on the glass plate, then place the pencil on top and grind it, stirring with the grease as you go. However, it should be noted that you should not use too much force during the grinding process, otherwise the pencil lead particles will be too large, which will affect the thermal conductivity effect.

Blackish thermally conductive grease: This one has"color"There is no secret to thermal grease, except that a small amount of solder powder is added to the thermal grease, and it is said that its heat dissipation effect is the best among thermal grease.

The source of crude silicon is hidden: SiO2 + 2C == High temperature == Si + 2CO (gas).

The coarse silica hail hall is transformed into pure silicon: Si + 2Cl2 == SiCl4

SiCl4 + 2H2 == High temperature blind burial ==4HCl+Si

Silicon is the second most abundant element in the earth's crust and is mainly found in the form of silica and silicate.

The preparation of silicon is mainly by the reduction of silica with coke in an electric arc furnace (purity must be higher than 99%).

SiO2+2C==SI (coarse) +2CO

The crude silica fume is further purified.

Si (coarse) + 2Cl2 = SiCl4 (liquid).

sicl4+2zn=si+2zncl2