Ancient reclusive literati, examples of ancient people living in seclusion?

Guiguzi, Tao Yuanming, is disgusted with the dark corruption of officialdom.

Speaking of Chinese hermits, it seems that Tao Yuanming should be ranked first, just like what Yuan Song says: "...If you do your best, you will be suspended, how have you ever seen it under the forest? So far, Ruan Yu of Pengze County is lonely, and even Mr. Lu Xun, who has always looked down on hermits, said: "Mr. Tao Yuanming is a famous hermit in our China."

But I don't think so. Tao Weng began to be a leader in his twenties, and then he was hidden and hidden, and he was a petty official. At the age of forty-one (already considered old at that time), he also served as the county magistrate of Pengze County, and he was still unhappy when he thought about it, so he thanked him and completely retired to the countryside.

As an official, can he be regarded as the first hermit when he returns to old age? Tao Weng has such a good reputation, all because of his song "Settle in the human realm, without the noise of cars and horses." How can you ask you?

The heart is far away from itself. Picking chrysanthemums under the east fence, leisurely see the ...... of NanshanThe poem and "Words of Return" are so famous.

There are many such people, such as:

Chu madly took the public opinion. Lao Tzu rode a bull out of the customs.

Zhuang Zhou refused to come out.

Tao Yuanming resigned and went into hiding.

Ji Kang lived in seclusion in the bamboo forest to strike iron.

Zhang Liang successfully retired into seclusion.

Zhang Sanfeng Shenlong saw the head but did not see the end.

Tao Yuanming. Tao Yuanming was unwilling to bend his waist for five buckets of rice, so he picked chrysanthemums under the east fence, leisurely saw Nanshan, and lived in seclusion under Nanshan.

The "Seven Sages of the Bamboo Forest" refers to seven famous scholars of the Wei and Jin dynasties in China, including Ji Kang, Ruan Ji, Shan Tao, Xiang Xiu, Liu Ling, Wang Rong and Ruan Xian. Seven people often gathered under the bamboo forest in Shanyang County at that time, and they were free and happy, so they were called the Seven Sages of the Bamboo Forest.

The famous people who lived in seclusion in ancient times are listed in the following sections:

1, Tao Yuanming, the word Yuanliang, also known as Qian, privately known as "Jingjie", known as Mr. Jingjie, Xunyang Chaisang people. From the end of the Eastern Jin Dynasty to the beginning of the Southern Song Dynasty, he was a great poet and poet. He once served as Jiangzhou sacrificial wine, Jianwei joined the army, the town army joined the army, Pengze County Order, etc., the last time he was the Pengze County Order, he abandoned his post for more than 80 days, and since then he has returned to the countryside.

He was the first pastoral poet in China and was known as the "Sect of Ancient and Modern Hidden Poets".

2, Yan Hui, honorific title Yan Zi, Zi Yuan, Lu people in the late Spring and Autumn Period. At the age of fourteen, he worshiped Confucius as his teacher, and was the most proud protégé of Confucius. Confucius praised Yan Hui the most, praising him for being studious and benevolent.

The literati and scholars of the past dynasties respected Yan Hui and used Yan Hui to enjoy Confucius and worship Tai Prison

1. Zhuge Liang.

The Zhuge Lu in the Wuhou Temple in Wolonggang, Nanyang is called "Nanyang Zhuge Lu", which is the grass house when Zhuge Liang lived in seclusion, and it is said that Zhuge Lu once lived in the grass house and cultivated Nanyang.

Tang Liu Yuxi's "Burrow Inscription": "Nanyang Zhuge Lu, Xishu Ziyun Pavilion." ”

Ming Tang Yin's "Three Visits to the Grass House": "The grass house is a hero of three visits, and the generous Nanyang rises to Wolong." ”

Qing Hu Zeng's "Song of Epic Nanyang": "The heroes of the world are more than a hundred battles, and Kong Ming is happy to hoe." The king of Shu did not look at himself, and fought for Mr. to get out of the old house. Note: Nanyang, also known as Wan, refers to Wancheng during the Three Kingdoms period. Zhuge Liang ploughed in Nanyang, that is, Wancheng.

Second, Tao Yuanming.

Tao Yuanming wrote "The Biography of Mr. Wuliu", which is actually a kind of record of himself. The state of his life is actually "sexual addiction to alcohol, and his family is poor." Relatives know that it is so, or they invite it with wine; When you run out of drinks, you will get drunk.

After being drunk and retreating, he did not hesitate to stay. Ring blockage, do not cover the wind and sun; The short brown is worn with knots, and the scoop is repeatedly empty, and Yan Ru is also".

3. Du Fu.

In the winter of 759 A.D., Du Fu brought his family from Longyou (now southern Gansu Province) to Shu to Chengdu in order to avoid the "Rebellion of the Early Imperial Palace". With the help of friends, he built a thatched hut on the bank of the picturesque Huanhua River in the western suburbs of Chengdu, and finally had a place to live.

Unexpectedly, in August of 761 A.D. (the second year of the previous century), a strong wind broke the house, and heavy rain followed. At that time, the Anshi Rebellion had not yet subsided, the poet thought of the difficulties since the war from his own encounters, could not sleep for a long night, and was full of emotion, and wrote the "Song of the Thatched House Broken by the Autumn Wind", leaving the famous sentence of "Ander Mansion Tens of Millions, Shelter the World and the Poor Men are Happy, and the Wind and Rain Do Not Move and Be as Peaceful as a Mountain".

Fourth, Su Shi. Su Shi was demoted three times in his life, first in Huangzhou, then in Huizhou, and the last time he was beheaded by a lonely boat at the age of 62 when he was sent to Danzhou at the end of the world, but he still turned his life into poetry.

Su Shi was in the Dongpo Snow Hall in Huangzhou, which was completed in the early spring of 1082 AD. It was originally an abandoned camp, with decaying basil and thorns and rubble, because Su Shi's family had a huge mouth and was in poverty, so Ma Zhengqing asked him to get the fifty acres of wasteland from the state, and since then Su Zi has cultivated the acres and built houses to settle down.

On the day of the completion of the hall, coinciding with the heavy snowfall, Su Ziyue this, painted snowflakes on the wall of the hall, self-written "Dongpo Snow Hall" as a plaque, and made "Snow Hall Record" to remember it.

Fifth, Cao Xueqin.

Cao Xueqin's life has gone through ups and downs, he has fallen from a noble child to a down-and-out literati who "eats porridge and wine for the whole family", and after experiencing the sadness of losing his only son in his later years, Cao Xueqin Lu Yan died within a few months, which is "really hurtful in his life".

Cao Xueqin is a very romantic person and an unruly person. He spent the last 10 years living in the Xishan area of Beijing, where he lived in extreme poverty, often "eating porridge and wine with his family on credit" and "selling paintings to pay for the restaurant", even so, he did not bow to the powerful and worldly.

Cao Xueqin's friend Dun Min's poem "Gift to the Celery Garden": "The clear water and green mountains are winding paths, and the Luomen Lane is full of smoke. It means that although Cao Xueqin's place in Xishan is poor and simple, the scenery is very beautiful.

1, Guiguzi, surnamed Wang Mingxu, also known as Wang Chan, called Xuanweizi. A prominent figure in the Warring States period, the Chinese ethnic group. Famous thinker, Taoist representative of filial piety, the master of the art of war, the originator of the Zongheng family, proficient in a hundred schools of learning, because of the seclusion in the ghost valley, so he called himself Mr. Guigu.

Guiguzi often goes into the mountains to collect medicine and cultivate, and learns immortals in the southeast of Songshan Mountain, which is one of the five schools of old learning.

2, Tao Yuanming, the character Yuanliang, also known as Qian, private Jingjie, known as Mr. Jingjie, Xunyang Chaisang people. From the end of the Eastern Jin Dynasty to the beginning of the Southern Song Dynasty, he was a great poet and poet. The last time he went out was the Pengze County Order, and he abandoned his post after more than 80 days, and since then he has returned to the countryside.

It is the first pastoral poet in China, known as the sect of ancient and modern hidden poets, and has "Tao Yuan Ming Collection".

3. Zhuangzi, surnamed Zhuang, named Zhou, Zixiu, a native of the Song Kingdom, and the ancestor is Song Daigong, the monarch of the Song Kingdom. He was a famous thinker, philosopher, and writer in the middle of the Warring States period of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. He founded Zhuangxue, an important philosophical school in China, and was one of the main representatives of the Taoist school after Laozi and the representative of the Taoist school during the Warring States Period.

Zhuangzi was the first to put forward the idea of the inner sage and the outer king had a far-reaching influence on Confucianism, and tried to live in seclusion in Nanhua Mountain, so Tang Xuanzong Tianbao Chu, edicted Zhuang Zhou as Nanhua Zhenren, and called his book "Zhuangzi" next to the silver as "Nanhua Zhenjing".

Hermit A "hermit" is a recluse.

First of all, there are "scholars", that is, intellectuals, otherwise there is no such thing as seclusion.

No, not famous, he worked as a farmer in the countryside all his life, or escaped to the rivers and lakes to do business, or lived in caves to chop wood.

There have been countless reclusive people throughout the ages, none of whom can be called hermits.

There are several famous people in history: Zhuangzi (about 369 BC - 286 BC), the name Zhou, the word Zixiu, the Warring States Period Song Guomeng (now Mengcheng, Anhui) people.

A famous thinker, philosopher, and writer, he is a representative of the Taoist school, the successor and developer of Laozi's philosophical thought, and the founder of the pre-Qin Zhuangzi school.

His doctrine covered all aspects of social life at that time, but the fundamental spirit was still attributed to the philosophy of Lao Tzu.

Later generations called him and Lao Tzu "Lao Zhuang", and their philosophy was "Lao Zhuang Philosophy".

Fan Li was born in the twelfth year of King Chuping (517 BC), at the end of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, a native of Chu Guowan (now Nanyang, Henan), and was a famous politician, military strategist and economist in early history.

I have more than 5,000 years of feudal tradition, are "scholars, farmers, industry, business" as the column, scholars as the head, merchants as the end, until the Song Dynasty, there are still businessmen wearing shoes must wear a black and white bad rules, so Fan Li has brilliant achievements in his life, but in the end because of the experience of abandoning the official business so that he did not have the opportunity to go down in history with historical celebrities.

Tao Yuanming (365-427), the character Yuanliang, alias Mr. Wuliu, changed his name to Qian in his later years, and after his death, relatives and friends paid a private visit to Jingjie.

A native of Xunyang Chaisang in the Eastern Jin Dynasty (now Jiujiang City, Jiangxi).

Tao Yuanming was born in a broken family.

Great-grandfather Tao Kan, is the founding father of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, with remarkable military achievements, the official to the Great Sima, the military governor of eight states, Jing and Jiang Erzhou Assassin History, and the Duke of Changsha County.

Yan Guang's original surname is Zhuang, the historian changed his surname to Yan because he avoided Emperor Liu Zhuang of the Han Dynasty, a Zun, the word Ziling, the Eastern Han Dynasty will Ji Yuyao people, and live in Tonglu.

Yan Guang rarely has a high name, Wang Mang Tianfengzhong (14 19), Yan Guang met Liu Xiu in Chang'an, so the two of them received the same business and became friends.

At that time, Liu Xiu was still lowly, and he was often proud to be friends with Yan Guang.

Liu Xiu raised troops against recklessness, and Yan Guang actively supported it.

In the fourth year of Emperor Xindi (23), Wang Mang was killed, the new dynasty fell, and Liu Xiu was still hesitating when he would ascend the throne as emperor.

Former general Geng Chun said: "The world's corporal doctors, donate relatives, abandon the soil, and rely on the king between the arrows and stones, their plans are to climb the dragon and attach the phoenix wings, in order to achieve their aspirations." "That is to say, the people who follow Liu Xiu to fight the world are to be officials and glorify their ancestors.

Yan Guang is not very interested in "climbing the dragon and attaching the phoenix".

In June of the first three years (25), Liu Xiu ascended the throne as the emperor and set the capital Luoyang, Yan Guang simply changed his name and surname, and disappeared incognito.