Please appreciate Pipa Xing .

This poem was written in the late autumn of the eleventh year of Emperor Yuanhe of Tang Xian (816), when Bai Juyi was forty-five years old and served as Sima in Jiangzhou. Sima is the adjutant of the assassin and is in charge of the military, but Bai Juyi has a false position and no real power at this time. After Bai Juyi was innocently demoted to Sima in Jiangzhou, he began to be at ease, climbing mountains and swimming with three or five confidants.

By chance, at the head of the Xunyang River, he met a pipa girl from Kyoto who was wandering in the rivers and lakes. This long narrative poem is inspired by feelings. As the "Tang and Song Poems" said:

Full of a sense of relocation, borrowing from a businesswoman to send it, there is a sense of sympathy for the same disease. Compared with Xing Xiangwe, the sustenance is far away, its meaning is subtle, its feelings are sad to think, and its words are beautiful. ”

Reading this narrative poem, one cannot ignore the preface. The preface not only explains the time, background and reason for writing, but also cleverly points out the main theme of the poem, which plays a hint role for us to accurately grasp the ideological content of the poem. Xuyun:

In the tenth year of Yuanhe, Yu Zuo moved to Sima in Jiujiang County. In the autumn of next year, send off guests to Huangpukou, and listen to those who play the pipa at night in the boat. Listening to its sound, there is a sound of Kyoto.

Ask his person, this Chang'an advocates women, tries to learn pipa Yu Mu and Cao Er's good talents, is old and decrepit, and is committed to being a Jia woman. Then he ordered the wine, so that he could play a few songs quickly. Qu is merciful.

He recounted the joys of his youth, and now he is drifting and haggard, and he is migrating to the rivers and lakes. Yu has been out of office for two years, and he is calm and peaceful, and he feels that he has the intention of moving at the beginning of the day. Because of the long sentence, the song is given away, where there are 612 words, the fate is called "Pipa Xing".

In fact, this long poem has a total of 616 characters, and "two" should be a mistake in the transmission of the word "six". Dai Gugu of the Song Dynasty has pointed out in the first volume of "Shiping Poems" "Pipa Poems": "One writes six hundred and sixteen characters.

The title of the poem is also "Pipa Quotation". Pipa, a plucked musical instrument, was originally popular in Persia, Arabia and other places, and was introduced to China in the Han Dynasty. It developed into the Sui and Tang dynasties, and it has become a very popular musical instrument, from court bands to folk singing.

In the cultural context, the pipa is often associated with sad events from the day it was invented. "Xing" and "Yin" are both poems of the ancient Yuefu, which are similar to the "song" style, so they are often called the song line.

In this poem, the poet focuses on shaping the image of the pipa girl, through which it profoundly reflects the tragic fate of the insulted and damaged musicians and artists in the feudal society, and expresses the feelings of "the same people who have fallen from the end of the world". At the beginning of the poem, it is written that "sending off guests on an autumn night", "suddenly heard" and "pipa sound", so "looking for sound", "secretly asking", "moving the boat" and "inviting to meet", after "a thousand calls", and then the singer came out "half-covered". This reverberating and tortuous description lays the cornerstone for the theme of "The End of the World".

Then, the pipa girl is depicted playing music to reveal her inner world. First, the "affection" of "unfinished tune", and then "strings" and "sound and thoughts", telling all the "undesirable life" and "infinite things in my heart", showing the ups and downs of the pipa girl's heart.

Then he wrote that the pipa girl told her life experience: back then, her skills had taught her "good talent clothes", her appearance was "made up to be jealous of Qiu Niang", and the Kyoto teenager "fought for her head", and "I don't know how many red silk songs". However, as time passed, "the color of the twilight disappeared", and finally he had to "marry a merchant woman".

This kind of description of resentment and admiration, crying and complaining, complements her playing and singing above, and completes the shaping of the image of the pipa girl.

In the end, the waves of the poet's feelings were excited by the fate of the pipa girl, and he exclaimed that "they are all fallen people at the end of the world, why should they have known each other when they meet", expressing the feelings of sympathy for the same disease and the same voice.

The poetry is bright, step by step, and embellished everywhere.

It is endless, but also focuses on the theme. It is really like the surging tide of the river, with ups and downs, and it lasts for a long time. Repeated chanting, swaying people's minds, infinite feelings.

The language is sonorous and the image is metaphorical. "Like a torrential rain", "Like a whisper", "Water slurry bursts", "Knife and gun sound", "Beads fall on the jade plate", "Warbler whispers at the bottom of the flower". Reading is like hearing it, like being there.

The first part of the poem "Pipa Xing" is written about sending off guests on the river, and suddenly hearing the sound of pipa, in order to lead out the pipa girl to explain. The second part writes about the Pipa Girl and the pipa music she plays, which concretely and vividly reveals the inner world of the Pipa Girl. In the third part, the pipa girl describes her life experience, and uses a lyrical tone like resentment and admiration, like crying, to compose a gripping tragedy for the pipa girl's half-life encounter.

The fourth part writes about the poet's loneliness and loneliness, lamenting his own life experience, and expressing his sympathy for the same disease with the pipa girl. This poem exposes the irrational phenomena of bureaucratic corruption and the burial of talents in feudal society, and expresses the poet's indignation (mèn) at his own innocent depreciation.

The background of the creation of "Pipa Xing".

In June of the tenth year of Emperor Yuanhe of Tang Xianzong (815), the Tang Dynasty feudal forces sent assassins to stab the prime minister Wu Yuanheng to death on the streets of Chang'an, and stabbed Pei Du, the imperial historian. Bai Juyi advocated strict arrest on the table, and was suspected of "overstepping his duties", and he usually wrote many satirical poems, which offended the powerful people in the DPRK, so he was demoted to Jiangzhou Sima.

Sima is the assistant of the assassin history, and in the Middle and Tang dynasties, he specialized in "crime"**, which is a disguised distribution. This incident had a great impact on Bai Juyi, and it was a turning point in his thinking, and since then, his early fighting spirit has gradually worn off, and his negative emotions have increased day by day.

In the autumn of the eleventh year of Yuanhe (816), Bai Juyi saw off the guests at the head of the Xunyang River, and met a Chang'an advocate girl who played the pipa, which was used as the theme, this narrative long poem "Pipa Xing".

Pipa Xing is a song of realism.

The masterpiece, through the changes in the life experience of the Pipa Girl to draw out the poet's emotions, the suffering of the two converges in "the same is the end of the world", one bright and one dark, exposing the feudal society bureaucratic corruption, the withering of people's livelihood, the burial of talents and other phenomena, expressing sympathy for the Pipa Girl, but also the poet's own indignation at being degraded.

Pipa line appreciation.

Pipa Xing is a Tang Dynasty poet Bai Juyi.

A long narrative poem he wrote.

The background of the creation of "Pipa Xing" is that Bai Juyi offended the powerful and was demoted to Jiangzhou because of the above request to strictly arrest the ** who stabbed Prime Minister Wu Yuanheng to death.

After Sima, he met a Chang'an prostitute who played the pipa at the head of the Xunyang River, and he was moved.

Bai Juyi was an advocate of the New Yuefu Movement, and in literature, he advocated that "articles should be written for the time, and songs and poems should be written for things".