What are the types of currencies and what are the types of international currencies?

Money is a special commodity that acts as a general equivalent. According to the process of money generation and development, money can be divided into four categories: physical money, substitute money, credit money, and electronic money.

1) Physical money. Refers to physical goods that have an equal value for non-monetary purposes and a value for monetary purposes. Commodities that act as physical money have the following characteristics:

general acceptance; Stable value; value mean separability; Lightweight and portable. Obviously, metals in general possess these characteristics, so among the types of physical money, metal money is the most representative.

2) Proxy currency. Generally, it refers to the metal currency or metal bar made of paper in exchange for physical objects, and its own value is the value of the currency it replaces. The advantages of substitute currency over physical currency are mainly as follows:

The cost of printing banknotes is lower than that of minting metal; It avoids the wear and tear of metal currency in circulation, and even intentional grinding, which can save money; Overcome the cost and risk of shipping currency. Of course, substitute currencies also have some disadvantages, such as being easily damaged and easy to counterfeit.

3) Credit currency. Credit money was born in the 30s of the 20th century, due to the worldwide economic crisis, many countries were forced to break away from the gold standard and the silver standard, the issued paper money can no longer be exchanged for metal money, credit money came into being.

As a general medium of exchange, credit money requires two conditions: first, people's confidence in this currency; The second is the legislative guarantee for currency issuance. One is indispensable.

At present, credit money can be divided into the following forms: Auxiliary currency. Its function is to act as an intermediary in small or sporadic transactions, mostly made of base metals.

Cash or banknotes. The main function is also to serve as a means of purchasing people's daily necessities, generally with a means of circulation, and its issuance right is ** or exclusive to financial institutions. Bank deposits.

Also known as debt money, depositors can use cheques or other payment instructions to deliver their deposits to others as a medium of commodity exchange.

4) Electronic money. Electronic money usually refers to financial activities carried out using computers or stored value cards. Holding this stored value card is like holding cash, and each purchase can be deducted from the deposit amount of the card.

While electronic money is convenient, there are also some problems, such as how to prevent electronic money from being funded, how to keep personal credit confidential, etc. Therefore, the full application of electronic money will require a period of technological progress and the improvement of other safeguards.

Money is a financial means of exchange for goods, in ancient times, people used shells to exchange food or other tools with others, and gradually people found these exchange methods very inconvenient, so they gradually created money with a certain value, which can be used as a certain value to exchange or buy goods. So what are the types of currencies?

There are many kinds of currencies in the world, not only the denomination value of the currency is different, the name and style are also different, from the perspective of payment, the currency can be divided into two types, one is the currency that can be obtained through free exchange, and the other is the currency that is not freely convertible. Among them, there are freely convertible currencies in every country, such as British pounds, US dollars, marks, Japanese yen, francs, lira, guilders, krona, shillings, etc., as well as Australian dollars, Hong Kong dollars, Canadian dollars, Singapore dollars, etc., and non-freely convertible currencies usually refer to an alternative way, such as capital transfers and payments in economic exchanges, but this non-freely convertible currency is a currency that imposes some restrictions, and our country's RMB is a type of currency that is not freely convertible.

There are many types of currencies, but there are freely convertible currencies and non-convertible currencies, and each country's currency is different and has a different denomination.

Currency. Directory.

1 Summary. 2. Basic information.

3. Basic introduction.

Currency types refer to the names of currencies in various countries of the world today. Now each country has its own currency, which is very different in variety and under different names. From the perspective of international** payments, it can be roughly divided into two categories:

Freely convertible currency, also known as convertible currency. Holders of this currency can exchange it for the currency of any other country without any restrictions. At present, more than 50 countries in the world have accepted the provisions of the International Monetary Agreement on the free convertibility of currencies, and the currencies of these countries are considered freely convertible.

Among them, the main ones are: US dollar, British pound, German mark, Japanese yen, Swiss franc, Italian lira, Dutch guilder, Belgian franc, Danish krone, Swedish krona, Norwegian krone, Austrian shilling, Hong Kong dollar, Canadian dollar, Bromidian dollar, Singapore dollar, etc.

Basic Information. Chinese name.

Currency. Foreign name.

type of currency

Paraphrasing refers to the names of the currencies of countries around the world today.

Categories Freely convertible currencies, non-freely convertible currencies.

Basic introduction. Non-freely convertible currencies can be divided into two types: limited freely convertible currencies and non-freely convertible currencies. The former refers to the currencies of countries that allow payments and transfers of funds for international economic exchanges, but impose various restrictions; The latter refers to the currencies of countries that rarely defeat countries with completely closed economies.

China's renminbi is a non-freely convertible currency.

If you find that the content of the Toutiao Encyclopedia entry is inaccurate or incomplete, you are welcome to go to the entry page to participate in the content and correction of the entry; If you find that the content of the entry is suspected of infringement, please contact us at , and we will deal with it in a timely manner in accordance with relevant laws and regulations.

What are the types of currencies? Currency Symbols borrow foreign debt, and when choosing a currency, the first thing that should be considered is the exchange rate. Consider whether a soft currency with a downward trend is good for borrowing, or a hard currency with an upward trend is good for borrowing.

Generally speaking, debtors choose soft currency loans more often, because when soft currency loans are repaid to the principal, the actual value of the principal is reduced due to the depreciation of the denominated currency, and the debtor's debt repayment burden is reduced. But the degree of softness and hardness of money is relative and changes with changing conditions.

The second most important thing is to analyze the level of interest rates. Generally speaking, soft currency interest rates are higher, hard currency interest rates are lower, and sometimes the principal plus interest of soft currencies will be higher than hard currencies after deducting depreciation factors. Therefore, when choosing a borrowing currency, in addition to the current exchange rate of the currency, it is also necessary to consider the level of interest rates and make corresponding statements about the future trend of the exchange rate.

Again, it is necessary to study the use of foreign debt and the need for money. That is, whether the borrowed external debt is used to pay for imports or to increase foreign exchange reserves. As the determination of the overall currency composition of the country's external debt, it also depends on the currency types of ** and non** foreign exchange earnings in the same period.

d First of all, it should be made clear that the banknotes we have, the deposits in the banks, and even the short-term Treasury bills can be said to be money. Because the main function of currency is to make payment and settlement when purchasing goods. Banknotes can be used to purchase goods at any time; When the amount of money is relatively large, the bank deposit can be settled by cheque; There are even cases where direct payments can be made with short-term Treasury bills.

So, not only banknotes are money, but also bank deposits, and they all have an impact on the purchasing power of society.

Classification of currencies:

Although banknotes and bank deposits are both currencies, due to the great difference in liquidity, in order to facilitate macroeconomic control, the International Monetary Organization divides currencies into three categories, namely M0, M1 and M2.

M0M0, also known as cash, refers to the cash that circulates in the market and is not stored in the bank, and its liquidity is the strongest.

M1M1 is "narrow money". It is composed of the cash in circulation, i.e. M0, and the bank's demand deposit (M0 + demand deposit). Since demand deposits can be realized at any time, liquidity and purchasing power are no less than cash, so M1 basically represents the actual purchasing power in a country's economy (M1 = real purchasing power), so many countries will use M1 as the main object of regulating the amount of money.

M2M2 refers to broad money, which is composed of M1+ quasi-money. Quasi-money means that time deposits, savings deposits, etc., cannot be directly converted into actual purchasing power, but after a certain amount of time and procedures, they can also be converted into purchasing power. M2 is a form of money that includes all possible purchasing power, and is of great significance for the study of the overall situation of money circulation.

In recent years, many countries have begun to change the target of monetary regulation to M2.

In addition to the US dollar, the euro and the Japanese yen, the world's common currencies include the British pound, the Australian dollar, the Swiss franc, the Canadian dollar, the Mexican peso, the Chinese yuan and the New Zealand dollar.

In international circulation, money appears in its original form, that is, in the form of ** blocks. In domestic circulation, coinage is circulated according to its nominal value. Worn-out coins (within specified limits) can be used in the same way as valuable coins.

Its nominal value in the world market is completely meaningless, and must be calculated and used in the form of ** blocks according to their actual weight and fineness. As for banknotes that cannot be cashed, they have no value in themselves and are not valid on the world market.

The original international currency was gold coins, and later due to the very lack of storage of **, coupled with the exchange of pounds and **** at that time, slowly the pound sterling evolved into an international currency. However, Britain's international standing declined soon after, and the franc, the dollar, and the pound coexisted as international currencies for a period of time. Later, due to the world war, the United States developed rapidly and became an economic power, while Britain and France declined, so the dollar became the only international currency.

Whether the renminbi can become an international currency depends on the influence of Chinese politics in the international arena and whether the Chinese economy is strong enough. Only a very high international status, and a very strong military power, can guarantee the stable status of the national currency as an international currency! And the most important thing is that people all over the world must accept our renminbi.

USD in USD

Euro EUR

GBP GBP

AUD

The New Zealand dollar is NZD (also known as the New Zealand dollar).

JPY JPY

CHF (Swiss Franc).

CAD in Canadian dollars

1. The type of currency refers to the name of the currency of all countries in the world today. Each country has its own currency, which comes in a wide variety of varieties and has different names. From the perspective of international** payments, they can be broadly divided into two categories: freely convertible currencies and non-convertible currencies.

2. Currency (CCY) is a tool for measuring the best goods, a medium for purchasing goods, a means of preserving wealth, a contract between the owner of property and the market on the right of exchange, and an agreement between the owner in essence. "I give what I have to the market in exchange for what I need", currency is the agreement of this process, which reflects the economic cooperation between the individual and the society.

The type of currency refers to the name of the currencies of various countries in the world. Each country has its own official currency, with a wide variety of names and different names. From the perspective of payment for imports and exports**, currencies that can be exchanged at will are also known as convertible currencies.

Holders of this type of currency can exchange it for the currency of any other country without restrictions. More than 50 countries around the world have accepted the requirements of the International Monetary Agreement on the free exchange of currencies, and the currencies of such countries are considered to be freely convertible, mainly in the US dollar, British pound, Japanese yen, Swiss franc, etc. That's all for currencies.

Non-freely convertible currencies can be divided into two types: those that are freely convertible with restrictions and those that are not freely convertible. The former refers to national currencies that allow for international economic transactions and asset migration, but are subject to various restrictions. The latter refers to the currency of a country whose economy is completely closed. The Chinese renminbi is a non-freely convertible currency.

1. In the modern economic society, money includes:

2. Coins: A kind of small denomination of auxiliary coins. It is copper, aluminum, nickel, etc.

3. Paper money: a kind of legal tender, which is the currency of compulsory circulation. The basic power to issue banknotes is owned by the bank.

4. Deposit currency: refers to the demand deposit of commercial banks that can be withdrawn at any time, and it is also known as demand deposit.

5. Time deposits and savings deposits: deposits that can be withdrawn after a certain period of time and can earn interest. These deposits, although not available in the form of cheques, are usually converted into cash with advance notice to the bank.

In addition, the emergence of negotiable withdrawal orders (NOW) and automatic transfer services (ATS) since the 70s of the 20th century have narrowed the difference between time deposits and demand deposits. As a result of this narrowing of the gap, time deposits and savings deposits have also become a form of currency.

6. Quasi-currency: refers to assets that can perform the function of store of value and can be easily converted into a medium of exchange, but are not yet a medium of exchange. For example, financial assets such as ** and bonds are quasi-currencies.

7. Currency substitutes: refers to things that can temporarily perform the function of a medium of exchange for jujube and potato stores, but cannot perform the function of store of value. Credit cards, for example, are an alternative to currency.