Why in ancient times, crimes were killed after the autumn, why are they all after the autumn

The reasons are as follows: —, Five Elements Theory. Gengxin Western Gold Lord Autumn.

In autumn, the five elements belong to the gold lord to kill. Second, the spring and summer are busy with farming, and the winter is cold and warm. After the autumn, when the weather is not cold, the punishment and killing are very deterrent.

3. In spring and summer, the yamen was also busy, busy with arresting thieves and lawsuits. In ancient times, Yamen spring management farmers sow seeds, summer management of agricultural seedlings, natural disasters, and water conservancy. In the autumn, the grain is taxed.

It is more idle from autumn to winter. But in winter, the main water, the water is born and tortured and killed. Therefore, after the autumn.

Fourth, the transportation was inconvenient in ancient times. Murder is a major case and needs to be approved by **. The distance is long and inconvenient, so the total number of criminal homicides in the middle of the year is handed over for approval.

In the Mid-Autumn and Winter of the year, people are not busy, and the crime rate such as theft and robbery at home is low. Most of the cases occurred in spring and summer. Therefore, it is good to report the autumn knot and ask the next batch of autumn queens.

There are roughly four of the above.

The Biography of Wei Qiwu An Hou Lie is a famous chapter in Sima Qian's "Historical Records". The work recounts the contradictory struggle between Dou Ying, the Marquis of Wei Qi, and Tian Wei (fen), the Marquis of Wu'an, which not only reflects the struggle between Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty (140 BC 86 BC) and his grandmother Empress Dowager Dou and his mother Empress Dowager Wang, but also profoundly reflects the complex and fierce struggle between the early Western Han Dynasty, which was the early period of the Western Han Dynasty, when the name of the old Huang Dynasty was heavily punished, to the middle of the Western Han Dynasty, which deposed the hundred schools of thought and respected Confucianism. Although they are also relatives and nobles, Dou Ying won the knighthood with his outstanding military exploits, and Tian Socks rose to prominence with nepotism.

Dou Ying is upright, loyal to the Han family, and not greedy for money; Tian socks are good at only skill, domineering, greedy and arrogant. As a result, because Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty violated the law and did not do justice, Dou Ying was framed by Tian Socks, and finally was killed by Tian Socks on the last day of December (lunar calendar) in the fifth year of Yuanguang (132 BC) to show the public to dry Weicheng. The reason why Tian Socks killed Dou Ying in a hurry was because according to the system at that time, it was not suitable to be punished in the spring, and he might even be pardoned.

This is the ancient system of "autumn and winter executions".

The autumn queen asked to chop. The system originated in the Western Han Dynasty. Why choose after autumn? There are several reasons for this.

First of all, we know that feudal kings are talking about a divine right of kingship.

The legitimacy of his rule is ** in heaven, and the so-called command is in heaven, and he is long-lived. The emperor is the Son of Heaven, so it is natural to respect the will of heaven and the laws of nature. Everyone knows that Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty deposed Confucianism alone.

Dong Zhongshu, he believes, "There are four times in the sky, and the king has four politics, and celebration, reward, punishment, and punishment correspond to spring, summer, autumn, and winter." Providence "Ren Virtue is not punished", "Virtue first and then punishment", so it should be rewarded in spring and summer, and fine code spine punishment in autumn and winter.

Emperor Zhang of the Eastern Han Dynasty. In the second year of Yuan He, he reiterated: "The life and death of the king should be in accordance with the times."

Its law: there is no prison in November and December, "Spring and summer are the seasons for all things to feed and grow, especially in spring, the pregnant doe in the mountains and forests, and the fish and turtles in the lake that are mending their grandchildren, must let him go, so that all things can reproduce and prosper."

Autumn and winter are the atmosphere of slaughter, and it is a good time to harvest human lives. The beheading of the prisoner is chosen after the frost falls, according to the time of day. On the other hand, in addition to punishing criminals, the law is more important to set an example, after the autumn harvest, the common people in the farming society have entered the farming season, and more people will watch the killing of the head to feel the national law.

of harshness. Moreover, the execution of the death penalty is very serious, it must be reported from the grassroots level by level, and finally reach the criminal department. It embodies the emperor's law of acting on behalf of heaven.

Just like today, the final review and approval of the death penalty is carried out by the Supreme People's Court. In ancient times, the bureaucratic system, transportation conditions, and means of communication were not as convenient as they are today, so in fact, the entire process of administrative examination and approval was very long, and it could take several months. During this period, there may be changes in the circumstances of the case, there may be a new emperor ascending the throne and an amnesty to destroy the world, or the superior ** or the emperor may have read the case file and think that the circumstances are forgivable, or the case is unclear and needs to be supplemented, and it is possible that the prisoner can be spared death.

To a certain extent, unjust, false and wrongly decided cases have been reduced.

Of course, not all cases are beheaded after the autumn, and in the Ming and Qing dynasties, there were beheadings and beheadings.

That is, after the autumn, there are two kinds, such as conspiracy to rebel and be decided, and the general death penalty is to be beheaded and waited, which must wait until the final approval of the autumn trial every year. Of course, either way has to go through the judiciary.

and the approval of the emperor himself.

This is because the ancients believed that autumn was a time of slaughter, and it was more appropriate to execute murderers at this time.

Because after autumn, everything withers, the climate is slaughtered, and the farming and spring chang activities are basically completed, at this time people have more time to deal with things, and people are emotionally depressed because of the influence of the climate.

Because this was a custom at that time, and autumn was very suitable for killing, autumn was chosen to execute murderers in ancient times.

Because this was a custom at that time, and it was also a superstition at that time, in ancient times, autumn was chosen to execute murderers.

Because I hope to give others a buffer time, but also to let others better accept the truth of the matter.

Because the rule of the king is relatively feudal, it takes a period of time for administrative examination and approval, and it takes a long time after the approval is passed.

Ancient criminals were cut off after the autumn, and it has always been a traditional judicial system for ancient people. Since the time of the Han Dynasty, except for those who have rebelled or committed other serious crimes, the death penalty needs to be carried out immediately. Most of the other convicts sentenced to death were beheaded after the autumn.

The ancients chose to ask and behead criminals after the autumn, first of all, because people thought that if they asked to behead after the autumn, it would have a greater deterrent effect on the people.

In ancient China, most people were mainly farming, and it was an authentic acorn and celery agricultural society. Most of the peasants in the late shed are very busy in their daily lives, busy with spring planting and autumn harvest, and have no time to pay attention to the execution of criminals. But in the fall, the crops gradually mature, and after the harvest, the farmers enter the slack period.

People choose to execute criminals at this time because people are no longer busy and have more time to watch. The state also takes advantage of this opportunity to deter the people, and the more people there are, the greater the sensation will naturally cause, and it has a good warning effect on people.

Secondly, the ancients believed that it was in accordance with the will of heaven to ask the criminals after the autumn, because before the autumn equinox, the weather was very warm, which was very suitable for the growth of all things. It is believed that in this environment where everything grows, it is best used to appreciate, not to kill. On the contrary, after the autumn equinox, the daylight hours are getting shorter and shorter, the temperature of the weather is getting colder and colder, and in the state of withering everything, many life will stop.

So it was believed that in this environment, it was more appropriate to kill criminals. Therefore, when people execute criminals, most of them are beheaded after the autumn.

Finally, the death penalty is a very serious punishment in both modern and ancient times, and if it is not carefully examined, it is likely that a good person will be killed by mistake. Therefore, when people decide on the death penalty when trying criminals, they should have enough time to think about it, and give the relevant departments enough time to investigate. Therefore, questioning and beheading after the autumn can ensure the fairness of the law and avoid the occurrence of unjust, false and wrongly decided cases.

This is mainly to comply with the will of heaven, the execution of the death penalty, generally in the autumn and winter, which is related to the ancients' concept of self-simplicity and forgiveness of theocracy, spring and summer are the seasons when all things grow, and autumn and winter are the seasons when trees wither, symbolizing slaughter.

Because in ancient times, the policy of autumn and winter executions would be implemented, because this was a superstitious doctrine created by inheriting the Confucian idea of "the unity of heaven and man".

The reason why there is such a practice is because in ancient times, he would follow the relevant rules of judgment, and it was also in line with a certain law of yin and yang life and death.

In ancient China, it was very important to attach great importance to the cycle of heavenly principles, especially in the matter of life and death, even if it was a prisoner who committed adultery, it is generally believed that in the summer and spring is the period of recovery of all blessings and a new life, and it is not suitable to take people's lives at this time, and the educational significance produced by the implementation at this time is not as good as the "desolation" that comes when the cold wind is in the autumn and winter, and the atmosphere of slaughter is also more sufficient. God will not blame the execution during this period, it can be regarded as doing the right thing for heaven. According to history, the formation of the execution after the autumn was customized in the Ming and Qing dynasties, especially during the Shunzhi period of the Qing Dynasty, the autumn trial became a system, from the perspective of the trial of the case, this can also avoid the occurrence of unjust cases and wrongful cases to the greatest extent, and give the prisoner more vitality than the trial in court, after all, some cases can be lightly dealt with through other channels, such as in the Yongzheng Dynasty of the Qing Dynasty, the emperor directly issued a decree called "retention and inheritance", that is, if the prisoner is an only child in the family, And his parents or grandparents are still alive, so the death sentence can be approved by the emperor, and the sentence can be changed to a heavy cane and then flailed for three months, so that the capital crime can be waived.

In the second, after the autumn to ask the beheading for the masses of "killing chickens and monkeys" effect is better, because in the autumn is the time when the people are slack, it is convenient for them to gather the people to come to the execution ground to watch, which can play a deterrent role, better maintain social stability and law and order, and play the role of preventive injections.

This is handed down from ancient times, and it is believed that after the autumn, the eagles began to kill birds, and the autumn queen asked to behead after the beginning of autumn, because after the beginning of autumn, everything became very depressed.

It is a custom to ask for beheading after the autumn, and the peasants have time to be murderers, which is also a deterrent to them.

This is handed down from ancient times, and it is believed that after the autumn, the eagles began to kill birds and sacrifice, so the prisoners can also be.

Autumn queen beheading refers to decapitation after the beginning of autumn, because everything becomes very depressed after the beginning of autumn.

I think the reason why I chose to ask for a cut after autumn is because the weather was better at that time.

I asked later, in fact, there was a kind of respect for the offense, and I wanted them to drink for a while before going out.

A custom is a habit, and it has been the case in all dynasties, and it has been preserved.

Because autumn is originally the season of harvest, but autumn is also a season of decay of life.

This is because of the autumn after the ancient period of a special season for criminals.

It's just to give the offender some good time to say goodbye.