What is Computer Architecture? What is the structure of a computer system

Science Encyclopedia: Computer Architecture.

Computer architecture refers to the attributes of a system that are visible to programmers, as well as design ideas and architectures.

Computer system architecture is an external feature of a computer that is seen by the machine language programmer or compiler of the program. The so-called external characteristics are the conceptual structure and functional characteristics of the computer, which mainly study the basic working principle of the computer system, as well as the trade-off strategy divided in the hardware and software interface, and establish a complete and systematic overall concept of computer software and hardware.

Computer architecture, or computer architecture, is the properties of a computer as seen by the programmer, that is, the conceptual structure and functional characteristics.

Computer System Architecture: The machine-level structure of a machine language.

The architecture of a computer system is the external characteristics of a computer as seen by the machine language programmer or compiler of the program. The so-called external characteristics are the conceptual structure and functional characteristics of a computer. To use an inappropriate analogy one, such as an animal, it's"System structure"What does that mean?

Its conceptual structure and functional properties are equivalent to the organ composition and functional properties of animals, such as chickens have stomachs, and stomachs can digest food. As for the shape of the chicken's stomach and what the chicken's stomach is made of, it is not"System structure"Research the problem too. The system structure is only managed to this level.

About the multi-level structure of computer systems.

The external characteristics of the structure of a computer system should generally include the following aspects: (1) Instruction system.

2) Data representation.

3) The way in which the number is addressed.

4) Definition of register composition.

5) Interruption of institutions and exceptions.

6) Storage system and management.

7) IO structure.

8) Machine working state definition and switching.

9) Information Protection.

Computer architecture refers to: computer architecture.

It refers to the properties of the computer as seen by the programmer, that is, the logical structure and functional characteristics of the computer, including the interrelationship between its various hard and soft parts.

on computer systems.

Designer, computer architecture refers to the study of the basic design ideas of computers and the resulting logical structure; To the programmer, it is a functional description of the system (e.g., an instruction set.

compilation, etc.).

Computer architecture is the study of software and hardware function assignment and the determination of software and hardware interfaces. The allocation of computer software and hardware functions should be mainly considered from the implementation cost, impact on speed and other performance requirements, that is, how to allocate to improve the performance ratio.

1. Contains differences.

Computer architecture encompasses those properties of a computer system that can be seen by programmers, i.e., conceptual structural and functional features. The principles of computer composition refer to how to implement the properties embodied in the structure of a computer system, and it contains many hardware details that are transparent to the programmer.

2. The attributes are different.

The properties of a computer system generally refer to the traditional properties seen by programmers who program in machine language, including assembly language programmers and assembly programmers. For example, the instruction system embodies the properties of the computer, which is a matter of the structure of the computer.

3. The instructions are different.

Computer organization includes instruction set, data type, memory addressing technology, IO mechanism, etc., most of which are abstract attributes, because computers have a multi-level structure, therefore, programmers who stand at different levels of programming see different computer attributes. However, the implementation of instructions, that is, how to implement instructions, analyze instructions, take operands, calculate, send results, etc., are all compositional problems.

The composition principle refers to some components inside the computer, such as sound card, graphics card, and CPU;

Architecture is in the eyes of programmers, some properties of a computer, when a program is written, whether it can run on the computer;

Computer architecture is a set of rules and methods that describe the function, organization, and implementation of a computer system. The discipline of computer architecture is divided into three main subcategories: instruction set architecture, microarchitecture, system design:

This includes all other hardware components in the computing system.

There are other cluster types of computer architectures: macro architecture, assembly instruction set architecture, programmer-visible macro architecture, microcode instruction set architecture, and so on.

Some architecture definitions define it as describing the capabilities and programming model of a computer, rather than a specific implementation. Among other definitions, computer architecture includes instruction set architecture design, microarchitecture design, logic design, and implementation.

The working process of a computer is the process of executing a program. How to organize stored programs involves computer architecture issues. Today's computers are designed and built based on the concept of "program storage". <>

With the understanding of "program storage", it becomes very easy to understand the working process of computers. If you want the computer to work, you have to program it first, and then send it to the memory through the input device to save it, that is, the program storage. The following is the question of the base fiber is the execution of the program.

According to von Neumann's design, a computer should be able to execute programs automatically, which in turn boils down to executing instructions one by one. Executing an instruction can be divided into the following 4 basic operations:

The von Neumann structure computer hardware system is composed of five parts (combinator, controller, memory, input device, output device), and this set of theories is known as the von Neumann architecture.

The traditional von Neumann computer architecture stores programs that make the system dependent on memory, and the speed at which the CPU can access the memory restricts the speed at which the system can run. The level of technology of the integrated circuit IC chip determines the performance of memory and other hardware.

Development History:

Before the advent of computers, there were bottlenecks in the accuracy and quantity of calculations, and the demand for computers was very strong, and von Neumann's logic and computer ideas led him to design and build the first general-purpose electronic computer in history. His computer theory is mainly influenced by his own mathematical foundation, and has the characteristics of being highly mathematical and logical.

He himself would call this theory "the logical theory of computers". His idea of computer storage programs is another great innovation of his, which successfully solved the problem that the storage capacity of computers was too small and the computing speed was too slow at that time by placing stored programs in internal memory.