The evolution of U.S. policy toward China since the end of World War II

First of all, after World War II, because the division of China under the Yalta system belonged to the sphere of influence of the United States, the United States did not advocate a civil war between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, but Chiang Kai-shek did not listen, so he could only help Chiang Kai-shek. After the civil war, the United States originally wanted to send an ambassador to contact the Chinese Communists, but we said that we would clean the house and then invite guests, and did not recognize the identity of the American ambassador, so we missed the opportunity to negotiate with the United States. Therefore, the United States took it for granted that China was the dog leg of the Soviet Union and adopted a hostile policy towards China, so that China did not want to fall to the Soviet Union and had to fall to the Soviet Union, and this relationship lasted until the sixties when China and the Soviet Union were at loggerheads, and China attacked with two fists against the Soviet Union and the United States, but later found that it was unable to do its best, and the lesser of two evils, so it threw an olive branch to the United States, and the United States liked China very much at this time, the anti-Soviet vanguard.

In the seventies, the relations between the two countries were very good, in the seventies there were two major events, the Angolan civil war and the Soviet Union's invasion of Afghanistan, Sino-US cooperation to send instructors and ** support to Angra's UNITA, to fight against the Soviet-backed forces, and in Afghanistan also secretly sent military personnel to help the Afghan resistance group fight the Soviet Red Army, the entire seventies and eighties was the honeymoon period between China and the United States, until the bombing of the Chinese Embassy in the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Sino-US relations began to decline, and then the United States promoted globalization to hurt China's interests, As a result, the relations between the two countries have fallen to the bottom, and in recent years, they have supported Japan in opposing China, and the relations between the two countries have fallen to the freezing point again.

1. Truman's strategy of "containment" (1945-1953).

The containment strategy is a major change in the post-war US foreign strategy, marking a qualitative change and leap in the US strategy, showing that the United States and the Soviet Union have moved from wartime cooperation to postwar confrontation and confrontation, and it has laid the foundation for the US strategy of world hegemony in the post-war decades. In order to fully implement the "containment strategy," the United States launched the "Marshall Plan" and established NATO, and also formed a strategic encirclement against China in East and Southeast Asia.

2. The "Eisenhower Doctrine" of Eisenhower ** (1953-1961).

Militarily, Eisenhower proposed a "strategy of massive retaliation" against socialist countries

3. Kennedy and Johnson** (1961-1969) "Peace Strategy".

The essence of the "strategy of "peace and repatriation" is to use the counterrevolutionary strategy of peace and war to carry out peaceful evolution in socialist countries and to promote neocolonialism in Asia, Africa, and Latin America. In terms of the strategy of military and world prosperity, we should implement a "flexible response strategy."

4. The "Nixon Doctrine" of Nixon and Ford** (1969-1977).

The so-called "Nixon Doctrine" refers to a set of diplomatic ideas and foreign strategies put forward in order to maintain the hegemonic position of the United States in the face of the serious weakening of the United States' position of strength and the decline of its international strategic position. The Nixanne Doctrine has three pillars: "partnership," "position of strength," and "negotiation."

The reason why the United States joined World War I: Unrestricted submarine warfare is the main reason for the United States to participate in the war, but the fundamental reason is indeed because of a relationship of interest, Germany's unrestricted submarine warfare is to cut off the sea transportation routes to Britain and France, and to attack merchant ships with submarines to achieve this purpose.

The German submarine war was fought in a chaotic manner, and even the American ships were not spared.

Therefore, in order to keep the chain of interests, the United States declared war on Germany.

Reasons for the United States to join World War II: In fact, the most fundamental reason for the United States to participate in World War II was that the world pattern had changed greatly at that time. The original capitalist powers, such as Britain and France, did not perform very well in the face of Germany's military strikes.

So this also represents the decline of the Lu people in the traditional old imperialist country. If Germany takes the opportunity to become bigger at this time, it will make the international position of the United States very embarrassing. So the United States needs to join World War II to fight Germany and Japan.

The World War II period was roughly divided into two phases, the objectives of which were:

The first stage was from 1933 to 1941, when Japan invaded China, it hoped that Japan would push the war to the Soviet Union, and then it did not want to have a conflict with Japan, and the second stage was from 1941 to 1945, during the Pacific War.

Japan attacked the Pearl Harbor naval base, and the United States and Japan officially went to war. The goal is to defeat Japan together.

From 1931 to 1940, the main theme of U.S. dialogue policy was open doors, while using China to contain Japanese expansion.

1940 In 1943, the United States supported China in persisting in the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and slowing down the pace of Japanese expansion.

1942 In the winter of 1943, Roosevelt began to pay attention to the post-war plan, believing that the Nationals, as the only regime that could unify China, should be supported, and that China should recover the lost territory from Japan and other great powers, with the aim of building postwar Sino-American relations and safeguarding American interests in China.

1.Do your best to help China.

2.Supporting the Kuomintang to take the capitalist road and suppressing the Communist Party to take the socialist road Note: Helping China was to let China contain Japan, but the Kuomintang's passive resistance to the war led to Japan's excessive expansion and then attacked Pearl Harbor, and then China and the United States joined forces to fight Japan (weakly thought that Lao Chiang intended to pull Lao Mei into the water).

China also succeeded in containing a large number of Japanese troops, greatly relieving the pressure on the United States.

He supported the Kuomintang because he wanted China to follow him, take the capitalist road, and encircle the Soviet Union, a socialist country. Unexpectedly, the failure has affected it to this day.

The United States pursued (Cold War) policies in the early postwar period.

It illustrates: (1) After the end of World War II, the growth of the people's democratic forces in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe dealt a blow to the United States' plan to dominate the world, but the United States believed that it was necessary to adopt an attitude of suppressing the Soviet Union.

2) The United States and the Soviet Union were evenly matched, and the United States did not have an overwhelming advantage.

3) After World War II, people decided that the demand for peace was the mainstream, and neither the United States nor the Soviet Union was willing or afraid to rekindle the flames of war and involve themselves in a new world war. In order to contain the Soviet Union, the United States cannot use the means of war, so the United States can only engage in a "cold war" in which the smoke of gunpowder cannot be seen.

4) After the end of World War II, the overall strategic goal of the United States was to dominate the world. Before the end of World War II, Roosevelt had conceived a blueprint for the post-war world, and his main strategic concept was the cooperation of major powers, especially the United States and the Soviet Union, to jointly maintain the post-war world order, but the United States must act as the boss and dominate the world. After Truman assumed the position of the United States, relying on the status of the United States as the world's number one power, he openly declared that he wanted to "lead the world" and pursued this goal by implementing hegemonic policies and means.

PS: The essence of the Cold War policy is the global hegemonic policy of the United States after World War II.

Racial discrimination and Cold War policies.

In the early postwar years, the United States pursued a lot of policies in terms of social life and diplomacy. What do you ask?

The aid to Japan was due to the introduction of the Truman Doctrine and to strike at the socialist countries.

He began to support Japan, in order to maintain the rule of the bourgeoisie, to contain the development of communism, and to contain the Soviet Union and China.

The main purpose of supporting and encouraging Japan's economic development and restricting its military development is to contain Japan and China.

The United States provided economic assistance to Japan.

Dear senior, good line, reward, adopt it, little brother will be unforgettable, grateful, thank you, senior, I wish you all the best, all your wishes come true.

After World War II, with the defeat of the Axis powers and the decline of the power of Britain and France, the United States and the Soviet Union became superpowers, and the world was divided into two camps: East and West. The United States and the Soviet Union and their respective camps engaged in all-out confrontation in military, political, economic, and propaganda aspects, just like in wartime, known as the "Cold War" in history.

In 1950, the Korean War broke out, and the U.S. military entered the war and engaged the newly established People's Republic of China Volunteer Army, and the two sides signed an armistice agreement with the 38th parallel as the boundary. After the war, the Cold War gradually escalated.

In 1962, the Cuban Missile Crisis brought the Cold War panic to its highest point. In 1969, Apollo 11 sent humans to the moon for the first time, and the United States gradually surpassed the Soviet Union in the space race.