Urgently, the investigation and analysis of specific works of ancient Chinese gardens

Answer]: The history of the development of classical Chinese gardens is divided into five periods:

1. Generation period.

The early age of the emergence and growth of gardens is equivalent to the Yin, Zhou, and Qian, Qin, and Han dynasties. The earliest Chinese garden in the historical records is the 11th century BC of the Western Zhou Dynasty. It is a shed of recreational living realm made by using natural landscapes and forests, digging ponds and building platforms, for the Son of Heaven and the princes to hunt and play.

Qin Dynasty Lanchi Palace, Qin Shi Huang made in the south of Weishui, built many palaces in the garden, also dug a long pond in the garden, led Weishui, two hundred miles from east to west, twenty miles from north to south, built soil in the pond for Penglai Mountain, created a record of artificial mountains in our country.

Second, the transition period.

It is equivalent to the Wei, Jin, and Northern and Southern Dynasties. The "Golden Valley Garden" of the Western Jin Dynasty was a famous private garden at that time. After Emperor Wu moved the capital of the Northern Wei Dynasty to Luoyang, a large number of private gardens were also operated.

According to the record of "Luoyang Garan", the style of gardening in Luoyang was extremely prosperous at that time, and the private gardens in the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties had changed from realistic to freehand.

3. Heyday.

It is equivalent to Sui and Tang. The layout of Sui Xiyuan inherits the form of "one pond and three mountains" in the Han Dynasty, reflecting the rule of royal power and divine power and hedonistic thoughts, with a strong symbolic color of Xiaoqing. Sixteen groups of architectural gardens are distributed in an environment surrounded by mountains and rivers, becoming gardens within gardens, unlike the palaces of the Han Dynasty, which are connected by Zhou Pavilion and compound roads.

This is a turning point from the Qin and Han dynasties to the landscape palaces, and it is the first of the Northern Song Dynasty landscape palaces. The buildings on the hill can be seen and disappeared from time to time, reflecting the improvement of architectural skills.

Fourth, the maturity period.

It is equivalent to the two Song Dynasty and the early Qing Dynasty. Song Huizong built Shoushan Genyue was first composed and conceived, and then built according to the painting, and the designer of the garden was Zhao Ji himself, who was famous for his calligraphy and painting. Song Huizong, who likes to visit the mountains and rivers, prefers to build gardens, the construction of Genyue is a major innovation in the history of China's garden, it not only has Genyue, which is the most garden rockery made of Taihu Lake stones, but also has many scenic spots that reflect the characteristics of China's landscape; It has both the wonder of the landscape, and there are many pavilions, platforms, buildings, pavilions of the garden architecture, it is a typical landscape palace, become an important reference for the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasty official gardens after the Song Dynasty, and the palace of the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties is also in the inheritance of this tradition of landscape palace formation on the basis of further development.

Fifth, the late stage of maturity.

From the middle of the Qing Dynasty to the end of the Qing Dynasty. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, the three major imperial gardens were the Old Summer Palace, the Summer Resort and the Qingyi Garden (Summer Palace). The Old Summer Palace is the largest of them, and it also includes its two attached gardens, Changchun Garden and Qichun Garden (Wanchun Garden), so it is also called the "Three Gardens of the Old Ming Palace".

The connection between the literati gardens of the Song Dynasty and the classical Chinese gardens is mainly reflected in the following aspects:

1.Natural integration: The literati gardens of the Song Dynasty emphasized the integration with nature, advocated the concept of "landscape and pastoral", and paid attention to the use of natural landscapes, lakes, flowers and other elements to integrate the garden with the natural environment.

This is in line with the concept of classical Chinese gardens, which also pay attention to the combination of artificial landscapes and natural landscapes, and pursue the harmony and unity of nature and humanity.

2.Perceptual expression: The literati gardens of the Song Dynasty emphasized emotional expression, focusing on expressing the emotions and aesthetic pursuits of the owners through garden layout, landscape design and other hand-poor orange methods.

This is in line with the characteristics of classical Chinese gardens, which also emphasize the transmission of the owner's emotions and artistic conception through landscape creation.

3.Cultural connotation: The literati gardens of the Song Dynasty paid attention to the embodiment of cultural connotation, and gave the garden a deeper meaning through the integration of cultural elements such as poetry, calligraphy and painting.

This echoes the characteristics of classical Chinese gardens, which also emphasize the artistic and cultural value of gardens through the use of cultural symbols.

4.Spatial layout: The literati gardens of the Song Dynasty paid attention to the changes in spatial layout and the shaping of the sense of hierarchy, and created a diversified spatial experience through the staggered layout and the design of winding paths.

This is related to the characteristics of classical Chinese gardens, which also pay attention to the change of spatial layout and the presentation of a sense of hierarchy, and pursue the richness and change of space.

To sum up, the literati gardens of the Song Dynasty have similarities with classical Chinese gardens in terms of concept, design techniques and cultural connotations, and all pursue the art and beauty of natural integration, emotional expression, cultural connotation and spatial layout.