Historical Questions, The Grand Canal of the Yuan Dynasty, the Grand Canal of the Yuan Dynasty and t

The spatial and temporal distribution of water resources in China is extremely uneven: spatially, water resources are mainly distributed in the south; In terms of time, it is mainly distributed in.

Seven, eight, nine 3 months. Such a distribution of water resources has enabled China to form a pattern of production and demand of grain transportation from the south to the north in history.

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1. The shape of the canal is different. The Sui Dynasty Canal passed through the capital Luoyang, which was in the form of a large bend; The capital of the Yuan Dynasty was in Dadu, and the canal no longer passed through Luoyang but was straightened.

2. The destination of the canal is different. The Grand Canal of the Sui and Tang Dynasties was centered on Luoyang, and the capital of the Yuan Dynasty was in Dadu, and the canal no longer passed through Luoyang, but was straightened and reached in Dadu.

3. The area through which the canal passes is different. The Grand Canal of the Sui Dynasty would pass through the Henan region, while the Grand Canal of the Yuan Dynasty would pass through the Shandong region.

1.The Grand Canal of the Sui and Tang Dynasties is different from the Grand Canal of the Yuan Dynasty today, because the Grand Canal of the Sui and Tang Dynasties is centered on Luoyang, and today's Grand Canal is far away from Luoyang, and today's Grand Canal is the original basis of the Yuan Dynasty. Moreover, today's Grand Canal is much shorter than the Sui and Tang Grand Canals, and its section north of Jining in Shandong Province is no longer navigable, only the section to the south is still navigable. 2.

Grand Canal of the Yuan Dynasty: After the national political center of the Yuan Dynasty moved to Beijing, in order to shorten the route from Beijing to Hangzhou and bypass Luoyang, in 1283 and 1293, the Tonghui River from Beijing to Tongxian, the Huitan Jutong River from Linqing in Shandong to Dongping, and the Jeju River from Dongping to Jining were dug successively. After changing the canal to a straight line, it was shorter than the Beijing-Hangzhou Canal in the Sui Dynasty by more than 900 kilometers.

In the Grand Canal of the Yuan Dynasty, the northernmost section was the newly dug Tonghui River in the Yuan Dynasty, which was dug with the support of Guo Shoujing, a famous astronomer and hydraulic scientist in the Yuan Dynasty. Grain is gradually being transported by sea. It is the predecessor of today's Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal.

3.Sui-Tang Grand Canal: Sui-Tang Grand Canal to Luoyang as the center, south from Yuhang (now Hangzhou), north to Zhuo County (now Beijing), 605 years, Emperor Yang of Sui ordered to dig the Grand Canal, "send more than 100,000 men and women in Henan counties, open Jiliang, from Xiyuan valley, Luoshui to the Yellow River, from the Banzhu River to Huai", more than 1,000 kilometers long.

In 608, Emperor Yang of Sui dug the Yongji Canal along the northeast direction of Luoyang, communicated the Qinhe, Qishui and Weihe, and navigated to Tianjin, and then, traced the Yongding River up to Zhuo County. In 610, Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty continued to dig the Jiangnan Canal, making the section from Zhenjiang to Hangzhou navigable. So far, with Luoyang as the center, through the two channels of Tongji Canal and Yongji Canal, the five major water systems of Haihe, Yellow River, Huai River, Yangtze River and Qiantang River have been communicated, and the 2,700-kilometer-long North-South Grand Canal of China has been fully connected.

Spanning more than 10 latitudes of the earth, running through China's richest southeast coast and the North China Great Plain, spanning Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Shandong, Henan, Anhui, Jiangsu, Zhejiang 8 provinces and municipalities directly under the central government, access to the Yellow River, Huai River, Yangtze River, Qiantang River, Haihe River five major water systems, is the main artery of north-south traffic in ancient China, has played a huge role in the history of China, is a great water conservancy construction project created by the ancient Chinese working people, and is also the earliest and largest canal in the world.

The Grand Canal of the Sui Dynasty is more than 4,000 miles long, with Luoyang as the middle foolish belt with caution, it is divided into four sections, from the place where Qinshui enters the Yellow River to Zhuojun (now Beijing), the name is Yongji Xing Brother Canal; From Luoyang to Xuyi (Xu Yi, now Xuyi, Jiangsu) into the quasi, the day through the canal; From Shanyang (now Huai'an, Jiangsu) to Jiangdu (now Yangzhou, Jiangsu), the name is Hangou; From Jiangdu to Yuhang (Hangzhou), the name is Jiangnan River.

After the Yuan Dynasty established the capital of Dadu (now Beijing), it was necessary to transport grain from Jiangsu and Zhejiang to Dadu. In order to avoid a detour to Luoyang and cut bends and straighten, the Yuan Dynasty built Jeju, Huitong, Tonghui and other rivers

Jeju Henan stretches 150 miles from the town of Rokjeo in the south of Jeju (present-day Daigijinyeong-si) to Ansan in the north of Suseong (in present-day Dongpyeong-gu).

Huitong Henan starts from the Ansan of Sucheng, connects the Jeju River, digs a canal to the north, passes through Liaocheng, and connects the Wei River to Linqing, which is 250 miles long.

Divert water from Changping to Jishuitan and collect and store it, then flow south through the east side of the imperial city, go southeast to Wenmingmen (now north of Chongwenmen, Beijing), and connect the Baihe River to Tongzhou in the east. The total length is 82 km. This new man-made river channel was named the Tonghui River by Kublai Khan.

The Sui Dynasty Canal passed through the capital Luoyang, which was in the form of a large bend; The capital of the Yuan Dynasty was in Dadu, and the canal no longer passed through Luoyang but was straightened and reached in Dadu. The range was shortened by more than 900 km.

The Grand Canal is an important water conservancy project in China, and the Grand Canal built in ancient times has always been an important landmark in Chinese history. The Grand Canal of the Sui Dynasty and the Grand Canal of the Yuan Dynasty are two Grand Canals built in different periods, so what are the differences between the two Grand Canals?

First of all, the Grand Canal of the Sui Dynasty and the Grand Canal of the Yuan Dynasty were built at different times. The Grand Canal of the Sui Dynasty was built during the reign of Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty, and the total length of the Dayun Destruction River reached more than 1,800 kilometers, connecting the Yellow River in northern China and the Yangtze River in the south. The Grand Canal of the Yuan Dynasty was built during the Yuan Dynasty and is more than 1,700 kilometers long, connecting Beijing with Hangzhou in the south.

Secondly, the Grand Canal of the Sui Dynasty and the Grand Canal of the Yuan Dynasty were built for different purposes. The Grand Canal of the Sui Dynasty was built to solve the problem of drought in the Central Plains at that time, as well as to facilitate transportation and transportation. The Grand Canal of the Yuan Dynasty was built to strengthen north-south transportation and water conservancy management.

In addition, the Grand Canal of the Sui Dynasty and the Grand Canal of the Yuan Dynasty were also slightly different in the way they were designed and built. The Grand Canal of the Sui Dynasty was mainly constructed by manual excavation, while the Grand Canal of the Yuan Dynasty was mainly constructed by sectional excavation of wells and tunnels. This different construction method also led to the difference in structure and construction of the two large fiber canals.

Finally, the Grand Canal of the Sui Dynasty and the Grand Canal of the Yuan Dynasty also differ in their historical status and significance. The Grand Canal of the Sui Dynasty is one of the representatives of ancient Chinese water conservancy projects, which played an important role in the economic and cultural development of ancient China. The Grand Canal of the Yuan Dynasty is an important milestone in the history of China's water conservancy engineering, which has played an important role in promoting the development of ancient Chinese water conservancy technology and the strengthening of north-south traffic.

In short, the Grand Canal of the Sui Dynasty and the Grand Canal of the Yuan Dynasty are both representative buildings of ancient Chinese water conservancy projects, although they are somewhat different, they have played an important role in the historical development of ancient China, and are important heritage of ancient Chinese culture and technology. <>

After the Yuan Dynasty unified China, Kublai Khan, the ancestor of the Yuan dynasty, determined a new canal route and opened up the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal with his great talent. From Hangzhou all the way to the north, you can reach Tongzhou next to the capital of Yuan (now Beijing), and realize the connection of the six major water systems of Haihe River, Yellow River, Huai River, Yangtze River, Taihu Lake and Qiantang River, which is commonly known as the "Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal" by later generations. The opening of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal has made the capital prosperous and become a famous metropolis in the world.

So the answer is Kublai Khan.

The canals of the Sui and Yuan dynasties, the north and south endpoints of which are present-day Hangzhou and Beijing, both run through the north and south, but the Sui Dynasty canal is centered on Luoyang, and the river course is tortuous; The canal course of the Yuan Dynasty was relatively straight, and the voyage range was greatly shortened.