What is the relationship between esterification reaction and saponification reaction ? How to exp

What is the relationship between "esterification reaction" and "saponification reaction"?

Mathematically, esterification contains saponification.

Because saponification refers to the reaction of esters and bases (usually strong bases) to produce alcohols and carboxylates, especially oils and alkalis.

Esters are hydrolyzed into the corresponding alcohols and organic salts under alkaline conditions.

For example, CH3Co-och2CH3+NaOH CH3Coona+CH3CH2OH, esters will be hydrolyzed into corresponding acids and alcohols under inorganic acidic conditions

CH3CO-OC2CH3+H2O (reversible sign) (condition is H+) CH3COOH+CH3CH2OH

How to explain the word saponification?

It is a product that can be made into soap through chemical reactions.

Under alkaline conditions, the R group of ester hydrolysate products may be different, but the generated R-Coona can be used as soap.

Under acidic conditions, ester hydrolysis can only obtain R-COOH (not soap).

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The esterification reaction is the dehydration and shrinkage of carboxylic acids and alcohols into esters under the catalyst of inorganic acids, while the saponification reaction is the hydrolysis of esters to produce alcohols and carboxylates under the action of strong alkalis, and the two are not inverse reactions to each other (the reactants of esterification are carboxylic acids, and the products of saponification are carboxylates).

The saponification reaction got its name because it is used to make soap. In industry, waste oil is added to concentrated sodium hydroxide to obtain glycerol (glycerol) and sodium higher fatty acids (hydrolyzed alkaline, used as the main ingredient of soap), and then add excess salt to precipitate the precipitation of sodium fatty acids (this process is salting-out), dry the precipitation, and then put it into the mold with spices and fillers.

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Saponification is the reverse reaction of esterification; Saponification is essentially hydrolysis, and esterification is dehydration.

The saponification reaction process is also the hydrolysis reaction of oil, and the oil is emulsified and hydrolyzed in alkaline water, and then soap is formed.

The saponification reaction is generally divided into three stages:

1.The first stage [emulsification and saponification period] is the time from the beginning of mixing and stirring to the mold.

In the early stage of mixing alkaline water and oil, because water and oil are immiscible, to overcome the obstacle of immiscible between the two, rapid stirring is the key, so that oil and water can quickly dissolve together, and a good mixing tool can play a great role. For example, we are now offering a machine soaping course, using an electric stirrer to help the saponification reaction to be carried out quickly, and the effect of twice the result with half the effort is obvious.

2.The second stage [rapid saponification period] refers to within 48 hours after entering the mold.

After the first stage of mixing, the saponification reaction proceeds rapidly and becomes a homogeneous reaction; The reaction is intense and generates a lot of heat. That's why there are phenomena such as jelly and pyrolysis. This stage takes longer than the first stage, and usually the saponification rate after this stage is more than 90%, and the pH value of the soap at this stage usually meets the standard for use.

At the end of this phase, the soap hardens, the temperature begins to drop, and the mold can be demolded.

3.The third stage [final saponification period], that is, the demolding and drying period of about a week.

At this stage, the soap has hardened and the molecules move very slowly, so the saponification reaction slows down, and the temperature of the soap block drops, and finally returns to room temperature. However, the reaction is not complete, so it must be left for a long time to allow the saponification reaction to end; This is known as the maturation period. After this stage, the pH level is finally determined, and the soap moisture slowly evaporates towards a perfect finished product.

The completion rate of saponification determines the success of soap, and the formula, stirring, temperature and water volume will all affect the speed of this reaction. In general, fatty acids with small molecules react faster than larger ones (C12 > C14 > C16 > C18); That is, the saponification reaction of saturated fatty acids is greater than that of monounsaturated fatty acids, which is greater than that of polyunsaturated fatty acids.

Although the saponification of unsaturated fatty acids is slow, considering their functions and effects, there are still some methods that can be cleverly used to adjust the saponification speed. For example, the water division method, etc.

Saponification usually refers to the reaction of bases (usually strong bases) and esters, while alcohols and carboxylates are produced, especially oils and bases. This reaction is a step in the process of making soap, hence the name. Its chemical reaction mechanism was discovered in 1823 by the French scientist Eugène Chevreul.

In addition to the common reaction between grease and sodium hydroxide, the saponification reaction also includes the reaction of grease and concentrated ammonia.

Chemical reaction. The saponification reaction is an exothermic reaction.

The saponification reaction is a slower chemical reaction, and in order to speed up the reaction, it can be done in the process of chemical reaction:

Maintain a higher temperature of the system.

Physically and constantly stir the solution to increase the number of molecular collisions.

Add alcohol to mix more thoroughly.

Saponification valueTraditionally, the number of milligrams of potassium hydroxide consumed by alkaline hydrolysis of 1g of oil and oil is defined as the saponification value. It can also be used to calculate the relative molecular weight of fats and fats.

Reaction general. Oils and fats + sodium hydroxide--- sodium higher fatty acids + glycerol.

The glycerin produced is more miscible than water, has strong hygroscopicity, and is often used as a skin care agent.

Decontamination principle. The soap molecule has a long chain of many carbons and hydrogen at one end, called the lipophilic end; The other end is a hydrophilic cluster of atoms, called the hydrophilic end.

When soap is used, the oil is adsorbed by the lipophilic end, and then drawn into the water by the hydrophilic end to achieve the washing effect.

Saponification reaction refers to a class of reactions in which bases and esters produce alcohols and carboxylates, carboxylates are the main components of soap, so this reaction is called saponification reaction, and the saponification reaction was discovered by the French scientist Eugène Chevreul in 1823. Saponification reactions are usually exothermic reactions with a very slow reaction rate. There are many examples of saponification reactions in our daily life, such as washing clothes with laundry detergent, laundry detergent, detergent, and the process of oily stains on tableware is a saponification reaction.

When it comes to saponification reaction, there is a very important concept of saponification value. The saponification value usually refers to the number of milligrams of strong alkali that needs to be consumed by the hydrolysis of 1 gram of oil under strong alkaline conditions, and the size of the saponification value is related to the relative molecular weight of the oil, and the relative molecular weight of the oil can be calculated according to the saponification value.

Let's learn what are the factors that affect the saponification reaction.

The first is temperature. Although the saponification reaction is an exothermic reaction, it does not mean that the lower the temperature of the saponification reaction, the better, because the low temperature slows down the molecular movement rate, the number of activated molecules decreases, and the reaction rate decreases. On the contrary, when the temperature is higher, the saponification reaction will be more thorough and complete.

Secondly, the reaction conditions. The saponification reaction must be fully mixed, which requires the reaction to be constantly stirred to make the reactants fully mixed, so that the prepared soap will not appear loose and bubble.

Finally, the concentration or purity of the reactants. Because if the purity of the oil is not enough, often the alkali does not saponify the excess oil, and the prepared soap will be greasy, that is, the phenomenon of superester. Similarly, the concentration of alkali will also affect the color and feel of the soap, according to experience, the concentration of sodium hydroxide in the saponification is better in 8-10mol, so that the soap is strong.

1. The saponification reaction usually refers to the reaction of alkali and ester, and the production of alcohols and carboxylates refers to the reaction of oil and alkali. In a narrow sense, the saponification reaction is limited to the reaction of oil mixed with sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide to obtain sodium, potassium salt and glycerol of higher fatty acids. This reaction is a step in the process of making soap, hence the name.

In addition to the common reaction of oil and sodium hydroxide, there is also the reaction of oil and concentrated ammonia.

2. Esterification reaction is a kind of organic chemical reaction, which is the reaction of alcohol and carboxylic acid or oxygenated inorganic acid to form ester and water. It is divided into three categories: carboxylic acid reaction with alcohol, inorganic oxygenated acid reaction with alcohol and inorganic strong acid reaction with alcohol. The esterification reaction of carboxylic acid and alcohol is reversible, and the reaction is generally very slow, so concentrated sulfuric acid is often used as a catalyst.

Polycarboxylic acids react with alcohols to form a variety of esters. The defibrillation of inorganic strong acids and alcohols is generally faster. A typical esterification reaction is the reaction of ethanol and acetic acid to produce ethyl acetate with aromatic odor, which is a raw material for the manufacture of dyes and medicines.

Esterification reaction is widely used in organic synthesis and other fields.

What is saponification reaction is introduced below

Saponification is an alkali-catalyzed hydrolysis of esters, especially oils. In a narrow sense, the saponification reaction is limited to the reaction of mixing oil with sodium hydroxide to obtain sodium salts and glycerol of higher fatty acids. This reaction is a step in the process of making soap, hence the name.

The main component of fats and vegetable oils is triglycerides, and the equation for their hydrolysis under alkaline conditions is:

ch2ocor

Heating. chocor + 3naoh --3r-coona + ch2oh-choh-ch2oh

ch2ocor

The R-coona may be different, so that the L-Coona but the resulting R-Coona can be used to make soap. Common r- have:

ch-: 8-heptadecenyl. R-COOH is oleic acid.

ch-: n-pentadecanyl. R-COOH is palmitic acid.

ch-: n-heptadecyl. R-COOH is stearic acid.

Oleic acid is a monounsaturated fatty acid, which is hydrolyzed from oil; Soft and stearic acids are both saturated fatty acids, which are hydrolyzed from fats. If koh hydrolysis is used, the resulting soap is soft. Sodium chloride is added to the solution to separate sodium fatty acids, a process called salting-out.

Sodium fatty acids are the main ingredient of soap, and bulk soap can be obtained by filler treatment.