Tao Yuanming s famous poem, what was copied wrongly, Su Shi was not calm?

This poem is the famous "Drinking", the poem in the leisurely Nanshan was once copied into a leisurely look at Nanshan, Su Shi thought that the difference in one word, the artistic conception expressed was completely different, and he was very angry. Although Tao Yuanming is a representative of indifferent fame and fortune, but because of his prominent family background, he has been educated since he was a child to pursue fame and fortune, and he is actually very yearning for officialdom in his bones. <>

It's just that because his personality is not smooth enough, he has to return to the countryside. Tao Yuan, who returned to the countryside, clearly wrote many famous articles, although there is one less ** in Chinese history, but there is one more famous poet. After the seclusion, Tao Yuanming wrote poems that had a great influence on later generations, and he wrote a poem in order to show his ethics of poverty and happiness.

There is a sentence in this poem that picks chrysanthemums under the east fence and sees Nanshan leisurely, which has also become a poem for many students in later generations to be inspired by poetry. <>

Although this poem is easy to understand, the environment described in it is really desirable, and every time you read it, you will have a feeling of physical and mental smoothness, and this kind of poetic life is exactly what many people dream of. Tao Yuanming described himself leisurely picking chrysanthemums, and when he turned around, he inadvertently saw the scene of Nanshan, which was very wonderful and had a sense of surprise. However, in the process of copying by later generations, the leisurely view of Nanshan was copied into a leisurely view of Nanshan.

In this way, the artistic conception of the poem has all changed, Su Shi was very uncalm after learning about it, he felt that if he changed a word, the poem would become a little cheesy. He also deliberately wrote an article saying how different the poem is by one word. It can be seen that poets are sympathetic to each other, although Su Shi has many famous poems, but he still can't bear the same famous poets, poems are misspread, because a poem may be completely changed because of the change of a word.

Tao Yuanming's famous poem, because someone copied a wrong word, caused Su Shi to be very uneasy.

Picking chrysanthemums under the east fence, leisurely see the South Mountain. But later generations turned this into picking chrysanthemums under the east fence and leisurely looking at Nanshan. Su Shi pointed out that everything written as "Wangnan Mountain" is a "vulgar book".

By the time of the Song Dynasty, this poem had been copied for hundreds of years, and some people copied the "leisurely seeing Nanshan" into "leisurely looking at Nanshan". is this one word, but Su Shi is quite uncalm.

The landlord should be asking about "Former Chibi Fu", you take a look at the following two paragraphs: Su Zi was stunned, sitting in a precarious position, and asked the guest: "What is it?"

The guest said: "'The town imitates the moon and the stars are scarce, and the black magpie flies south', is this not Cao Mengde's poetry? Look at Xiakou in the west and Wuchang in the east.

The mountains and rivers are sympathetic, and the sky is gloomy, is this not Mengde's trapped in Zhou Lang? Fang Qi broke Jingzhou, went down to Jiangling, went down the river to the east, and the thousands of branches of the brigade were fierce, the flag covered the sky, the wine was in the river, the horizontal lance was full of poems, and the male of the solid first generation was also, and now it is safe? In addition, I and my son are fishing on the river, and they are friends with fish and shrimp and elk.

Drive a flat boat with a leaf, and raise the páo to belong to each other. Parasitic mayflies in the heavens and the earth, a drop in the sea. Mourn the moments of my life, and envy the infinity of the Yangtze River.

Fly the fairy to swim, hold the bright moon and end long. I don't know it suddenly, and I will leave it in the sad wind. ”

Su Zi said: "Ke also knows the water and the moon? The deceased is like this, but he has not tasted the past; Those who are surplus and void are like them, and those who die are not long.

The cover will be viewed from the one who has changed, and the heavens and the earth will not be able to take a moment; From the perspective of the unchanging, things and I are endless, and how envy! And between heaven and earth, everything has its own master. I don't have it, but I don't take anything.

But the breeze on the river, and the bright moon in the mountains, the sound of the ear, the color of the eye, the inexhaustible, is the endless hiding of the Creator, and I am suitable for the Son. ”

In fact, everything is a kind of state of mind, fame, wealth, but just a passing cloud, and "the breeze on the river, and the bright moon in the mountains", but it is the sound of the ear, the color of the eye, the inexhaustible, what is the pursuit of human life? Is it the "Hero of the Generation"? But "Where are you now?"

The emotion of life is often to experience the great rights and wrongs, especially for literati like Su Shi who have experienced the ups and downs of the Huan Sea, they have deep feelings, and they are attached to the landscape. Fame and fortune outside the body, don't look at things too important, you will only lose your human nature!

The following is a poem criticizing Tao Yuanming's seclusion:

The eternal pastoral reflection of the wine pot, the sores of Shenzhou are carved into a lonely corner.

When the pine grass is buried in three paths, Yu Li reads Taoism wholeheartedly.

Fortunately, there are wives and children who follow the stubble, and there is no official to be desperate.

The waves are clear and difficult to confuse, don't abandon the spring breeze to the old Wu.

In this poem, the author criticizes Tao Yuanming's reclusive behavior. The poem mentions that "the eternal pastoral reflection wine pot" is describing Tao Yuanming's pastoral life, but the next "Shenzhou Sores and Sores Carved Lonely Corner" is a criticism of Tao Yuanming's secluded life, implying that his behavior is a sore society. At the same time, the poem also mentions "three paths buried in pine grass", implying that Tao Yuanming's pastoral life has been barren.

And "Yu Li reads Confucianism wholeheartedly" is criticizing Tao Yuanming's persistent pursuit of Confucianism to the point of paranoia.

In addition, the poem also criticizes Tao Yuanming's family situation, "fortunately he has a wife and children with him", which means that Tao Yuanming's family life is not perfect, and his wife and children do not live in seclusion with him. Finally, the sentence "Don't abandon the spring breeze to Lao Wu" implies that Tao Yuanming should seize the opportunity and not give up the spring breeze, which may be his advice.

In general, the poem criticizes Tao Yuanming's reclusive behavior, but does not negate his entire behavior.

Eternal pastoral reflection flask.

Shenzhou sores are lonely.

When to bury the pine grass in three paths.

Yu Li devoted himself to reading Taoism.

Fortunately, there are wives and children with the end.

There is no end to the officials.

The waves are clear and difficult to confuse.

Don't abandon the spring breeze to the old Wu.

There should have been no disdain, Su Shi is quite respectful of him, and it can even be said to be worship. Here's why:

1. Before Su Shi, Tao Yuanming did not receive due attention when he was alive. In Zhong Rong's "Poems", he is only listed as "middle grade". During the Tang Dynasty, the status was slightly superior, but it was also quite complaining.

The third part of Du Fu's "Five Songs of Rejuvenation" said: "Tao Qianqian avoids vulgar people, may not be able to reach the Tao, looking at his poetry collection, quite hated withering." Su Shi believes that Tao poems are "dry on the outside and creamy in the middle, like light but real beauty", "quality and solid, and solid and solid".

Obviously, Sue's appraisal is more profound than Du's. Su Shi said, "I am not very good at poets, but I am good at Yuanming poetry......Since Cao Liu Bao Xie Li Du and others, they are all out of reach. "Su Do" and Tao Poems" 109 songs.

In this process, Tao's indifferent attitude towards fame and fortune, and his natural and fresh poetic style, stained Su Shi.

Second, if the Tang people still have no intention of learning pottery, then since Song Sushi, it has set off a wave of "and pottery". Su Shi is a leader of a generation of literary circles, and his tastes and preferences will naturally affect a large number of literati. Historically, Tao Yuanming has two "fans":

The first is Xiao Tong, and the second is Su Shi. There is still a conflict between fans, Su Shi criticized Tao Yuanming's "Leisure Fu" because of Xiao Tong, and said that Xiao Tong is "a child who forcibly solves problems". He didn't even look down on Xiao Tong's "Anthology" and said:

Zhou Zhong read "Anthology", hated that it could not be compiled, and it was improper. Qi and Liang's articles are declining, and Xiao Tong is particularly despicable, which can be seen in the quotation of "Selected Works". However, let's objectively say that the positive impact of "Anthology" on Chinese literature is very great.

3. To what extent does Su Shi worship Tao Yuanming? I am reluctant to read Tao Yuanming's poems!

Each body is not good, and I read it, but I am afraid that after reading it, I will not be able to depress myself. (Su Shi's "Dongpo Inscription, Shuyuan Ming Farmers Go to My Long Poems").

When he was not feeling well, he looked for Tao Yuanming's poems to read, but he only read one poem at a time, because Tao Yuanming's poems were very few, and he was afraid that after reading them, there would be no use to relieve worries and boredom in the future.

Fourth, in short, he really has no words or criticism for Yuanming, except for admiration or admiration. He said in a letter to his younger brother Su Zhe:

The poets of the ancients have imitated the ancients, and those who have not followed the ancients; Chasing the ancients began with me. I am a poet, nothing is very good, only the poetry of Yuanming. Yuanming does not write many poems, but his poetry quality is real, and it is solid and solid, since Cao, Liu, Bao, Xie, Li, and Du, all of them are beyond their reach.

I have nine out of a hundred poems before and after, and I am proud of them, and I say that I am not ashamed of them. Now it will be collected and recorded, and the gentleman who will be left behind will be my will. However, I am in Yuanming, how can I only be good at his poems, but also as a person, I am really touched.

Yuan Ming was dying, and he told Yan and others: "I am young and poor, and every time I use my family to disadvantage, things wander away." Sex is clumsy, and there are many things, and you measure yourself for yourself, and you will be troubled by the world, and you will die reluctantly, so that you will be young and hungry and cold.

Yuan Ming said this, and covered the real record. I really have this disease, and I didn't know it early, and I was born in half a life, so I was ashamed of it, and I wanted to use the evening to teach it in case. (Su Shi's "Book with Su Zhe").