Classification of metals, classification of metal materials

Ferrous metals: iron, chromium, and manganese.

Non-ferrous metals: aluminum, magnesium, potassium, sodium, calcium, strontium, barium, copper, lead, zinc, tin, cobalt, nickel, antimony, mercury, cadmium, bismuth, gold, silver, platinum, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium, beryllium, lithium, rubidium, cesium, titanium, zirconium, hafnium, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, tungsten, molybdenum, gallium, indium, thallium, germanium, rhenium, lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, Samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, lutetium, scandium, yttrium, thorium.

Common metals: such as iron, aluminum, copper, zinc, etc.

Rare metals: such as zirconium, hafnium, niobium, tantalum, etc.

Light metals: densities less than 4500 kg cubic meters, such as titanium, aluminum, magnesium, potassium, sodium, calcium, strontium, barium, etc.

Heavy metals: densities greater than 4500 kg cubic meters, such as copper, nickel, cobalt, lead, zinc, tin, antimony, bismuth, cadmium, mercury, etc.

:** is more expensive than commonly used metals, has low crustal abundance (also known as clarke value, a value that indicates the average amount of chemical elements in the earth's crust), and is difficult to purify, such as gold, silver, and platinum group metals.

Metalloid elements: properties between metals and non-metals, such as silicon, selenium, tellurium, arsenic, boron, etc.

Rare metals: including rare light metals, such as lithium, rubidium, cesium, etc.;

Rare refractory metals: such as zirconium, molybdenum, tungsten, etc.;

Rare dispersed metals: such as gallium, indium, germanium, thallium, etc.;

Rare earth metals: such as scandium, yttrium, lanthanide metals;

Radioactive metals: such as radium, francium, polonium and uranium and thorium in actinides.

Common metals and classifications.

1) Classification according to composition: 1. Pure metal: refers to a substance composed of a metal element. At present, there are about 80 kinds of pure metals, but few are used in industry.

2. Alloy (complex metal) refers to a substance composed of one metal element (main) and another metal element (or non-metallic element). There are many types of it. For example, pig iron and steel, which are commonly used in industry, are iron-carbon alloys.

Brass is a copper-zinc alloy.

Because the properties of alloys are generally better than those of pure metals. Therefore, in industry, alloys are more widely used than pure metals.

2) Classification by practicality:

1. Ferrous metals.

Refers to the alloy of iron and iron. Such as pig iron, ferroalloys, cast iron and steel, etc.

2. Non-ferrous metals are also known as non-ferrous metals. Refers to metals and alloys other than ferrous metals. Such as copper, tin, lead, zinc, aluminum, titanium, magnesium and brass, bronze, aluminum alloy, titanium alloy.

and bearing alloys, etc. In addition, chromium, nickel, molybdenum, cobalt, vanadium, tungsten, etc. are also used in the industry, these metals are mainly used as alloying elements to improve the properties of metals, among which tungsten and cobalt are mostly used to produce cemented carbide for cutting tools. All of the above-mentioned non-ferrous metals are called industrial metals.

to distinguish it from precious metals (platinum, gold, silver) and rare metals (including radioactive uranium, radium, etc.).

Metal materials are usually divided into ferrous metals, non-ferrous metals, and special metal materials.

1. Ferrous metals, also known as steel materials, include industrial pure iron with total impurity content and carbon content not exceeding , steels containing carbon, and cast iron with carbon content greater than . Broad ferrous metals also include chromium, manganese and their alloys.

2. Non-ferrous metals refer to all metals and their alloys except iron, chromium and manganese, which are usually divided into light metals, heavy metals, semi-metals, rare metals and rare earth metals, etc., the strength and hardness of non-ferrous alloys are generally higher than those of pure metals, and the resistance is large and the temperature coefficient of resistance is small.

3. Special metal materials include structural metal materials and functional metal materials for different purposes. Among them, there are amorphous metal materials obtained by rapid condensation process, as well as quasicrystalline, microcrystalline, and nanocrystalline metal materials; There are also special functional alloys such as stealth, hydrogen resistance, superconductivity, shape memory, wear resistance, vibration damping and damping, as well as metal matrix composites.

Generally, metal materials are divided into two categories: ferrous metals and non-ferrous metals.

1. Ferrous metals.

Substances with metallic properties formed mainly of iron, manganese, chromium, or them are called ferrous metals. Such as carbon steel, alloy steel, cast iron, etc.

2. Non-ferrous metals.

Metals other than ferrous metals are called non-ferrous metals, such as copper, aluminum, magnesium and their alloys.

Metal materials are divided into ferrous metals and non-ferrous metals, ferrous metals refer to steel products, and steel products are divided into structural steel (including carbon steel, alloy steel, weather-resistant steel and construction steel, easy-cut steel, cold heading steel, spring steel, bearing steel, etc.), stainless steel, tool steel, cast steel, cast iron and welding materials, etc.; SPCC is the code name of Japanese plate, which refers to the general cold-rolled carbon steel sheet and strip; SPCE refers to cold-rolled carbon steel sheet and strip for deep drawing; SPHC refers to the general use of hot rolled carbon steel sheet and strip.

Metals refer to substances that have good electrical and thermal conductivity, have certain strength and plasticity, and have lusters, such as iron, aluminum, and copper. Metallic materials are engineering materials composed of metallic elements or metallic elements as the main material, and have metallic properties. It includes both pure metals and alloys.

Metal materials are usually divided into two categories: ferrous metals and non-ferrous metals

Ferrous metals: refers to iron and iron alloys, commonly used are carbon steel, alloy steel, high-speed steel, cast iron, etc.

Non-ferrous metals: Metals and alloys other than ferrous metals. Commonly used non-ferrous metals include aluminum and aluminum alloys, copper and copper alloys, titanium and titanium alloys, magnesium and magnesium alloys, bearing alloys, cemented carbide, etc.

ferrous and non-ferrous metals. Alloys based on iron, manganese, and chromium are ferrous metals, and alloys based on other metals are non-ferrous metals. For example, copper alloys and aluminum alloys. What you read on the Internet is not necessarily accurate.

Gold Concise Genus "Classification: Aluminum, Magnesium, Potassium, Sodium, Calcium, Strontium, Barium, Copper, Lead, Zinc, Tin, Cobalt, Nickel, Antimony, Mercury, Cadmium, Bismuth, Gold, Silver, Platinum, Ruthenium, Rhodium, Palladium, Osmium, Iridium, Beryllium, Lithium, Rubidium, Cesium, Titanium, Zirconium, Vanadium, Niobium, Tantalum, Tungsten, Molybdenum, Gallium, Indium, Thallium, Germanium, Rhenium, Lanthanum, Cerium, Praseodymium, Neodymium, Samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, lutetium, scandium, yttrium, thorium, etc.

Pure metals are generally solid (except mercury) at room temperature, have metallic luster (i.e., strong reflection of visible light), most of them are excellent conductors of electricity and heat, malleable, with a large density and a high melting point. The earth's metal resources are widely found in the earth's crust and oceans, except for a few very inactive metals such as gold and silver, which exist in elemental forms, the rest exist in the form of chemical compounds. Metals are widely present in nature, and are extremely common in life, and are very important and most widely used in modern industry.

There are several ways to classify metals:

Metallurgical Industry Classification: Ferrous metals: iron, chromium, manganese; Non-ferrous metals: all metals except iron, chromium, and manganese.

According to the density classification method: light metals: potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, aluminum, etc.; Heavy metals: zinc, iron, tin, lead, copper and other jujube withered.

According to the degree of rarity, it is divided into: common metals: such as iron, aluminum, copper, zinc, etc.; Rare golden stool liquid cave genus: such as zirconium, hafnium, niobium, tantalum, etc.