Questions about diabetes insulin versus oral medications

For example, patients who are not clear about the chronic complications of diabetes are not able to rely solely on insulin injections to control blood sugar, or do they need to be active and systematic. In the case of insulin injection, it can also be combined with oral hypoglycemic drugs according to the patient's condition. Long-acting insulin is injected once a day, but it is also given according to the patient's blood sugar profile.

For patients with unstable glycemic control, long-acting insulin alone is not suitable for glycemic control.

According to your situation, injecting long-acting insulin is the best choice, diabetes should be regular, in a doctor for regular follow-up and review, so that the doctor can understand your condition, the method is almost the same, and it is not good to keep changing doctors. You can take some auxiliary medicine to take it, and you don't need to take hypoglycemic drugs, and I personally think it's better to eat less.

Blood glucose attainment is not only based on fasting blood glucose, but also at postprandial blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin.

Fasting blood glucose MMOL L

Non-fasting blood glucose mmol L

Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C) <

Blood pressure (bp) 130 80 mmHg

LDL cholesterol < mmol

HDL cholesterol mmol L

Total cholesterol < mmoll

Triglycerides < mmol

Each physician has his own plan and method, as long as the blood sugar can be adjusted well and meets the diagnosis and treatment standards. Of course, you can communicate with the doctor and hope to inject insulin intramuscularly every day under the premise that the blood sugar is adjusted.

Stem cell transplantation** can be understood.

Insulin can only be given subcutaneously or intravenously and does not work when taken orally.

Oral insulin medications for diabetes are only insulin sensitizers or insulinotropic secretions.

Diabetes mellitus can be divided into insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (type I diabetes) and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (type II diabetes), and hypoglycemic drugs mainly include the following categories: sulfonylureas (glipizide, gliquinone, glimepiride, gliclazide, glibenclamide, etc.), nonsulfonylureas (nateglinide, repaglinide), alpha-glycosidase inhibitors (acarbose, voglibose), biguanides (phenformin, metformin), insulin sensitizers (pioglitazone), and insulin (novolin, Humulin), insulin analogues (Novolix, Humula, Laideshi, etc.)!

**Different regions, if you apply for diabetes gate, the medical insurance reimbursement is 90%, and you don't spend much, if you pay for yourself, it is recommended to buy it in pharmacies, which is cheaper.

Analysis: Diabetes mellitus is fine as long as the medication is controlled within the normal range. **The odds are small, and the key is to pay attention to the rules of life and diet.

Suggestions: Strict diet control is a prerequisite for diabetes, and it is also the most important part. In clinical practice, doctors have found that patients often do not have the desired effect of drugs because of poor diet control. The principles of dietary control are as follows:

1.Break the misconception that "you can eat more by taking more hypoglycemic drugs".

2.Eat smaller, more frequent meals. It not only ensures the supply of calories and nutrients, but also avoids postprandial blood sugar spikes.

3.Carbohydrate food should be eaten according to the regulations, not less or more, and eaten evenly (carbohydrate refers to the sugar in grains, vegetables, milk, fruits, soy products, and hard fruit foods).

4.There is no difference between dessert and salty snacks, both of which can cause blood sugar to rise.

5.Eat the same amount of "diabetic food" as you eat regular food. "Diabetic food" refers to foods made with high dietary fiber, such as buckwheat and oats. Although these foods take longer to digest and absorb, they eventually turn into glucose.

6.The so-called "sugar-free food" is essentially a food without added sucrose, and some foods use sweeteners instead of sucrose, which still cannot be eaten casually.

7.Vegetables with starch as the main ingredient should be included in the amount of staple food. These vegetables are potatoes, sweet potatoes, lotus roots, yams, water chestnuts, taro, lilies, water chestnuts, cucumbers, etc.

8.Beans other than soybeans, such as adzuki beans, mung beans, broad beans, kidney beans, and peas, are also mainly composed of starch, so they should also be counted as staple foods.

9.Eat non-staple foods in moderation.

10.Do not use peanuts, melon seeds, walnuts, almonds, pine nuts and other hard fruit foods to satisfy hunger.

11.Eat more foods that contain dietary fiber.

12.Eat less salt.

13.Eat less foods that contain cholesterol.

14.Questions about eating fruits. Patients with good blood sugar control can eat fruits with low sugar content, such as apples, pears, oranges, oranges, strawberries, etc., but the amount should not be too much.

The time to eat fruit should be when blood sugar is low between meals. If you eat fruit later, it is equivalent to adding a meal, and your blood sugar will rise immediately. In addition, after eating watermelon, the sugar is absorbed quickly, so try not to eat it.

Bananas have a high starch content and should be counted as a staple food.

15.Sweeteners do not convert to glucose, do not affect changes in blood sugar, and cannot be used as a self-help food for hypoglycemia.

16.Diabetics should never limit their water intake.

No, insulin is a protein, which will be digested and broken down after oral administration, destroying its properties.

Generally, in the case of blood sugar can still be controlled, doctors are recommended to take some hypoglycemic drugs, but everyone's tolerance to the drug is limited, when the disease progresses to a certain extent, it is necessary to switch to insulin, now let's talk about what circumstances need to stop taking hypoglycemic drugs and use insulin?

1. According to the needs of your own condition. Insulin can be used when people with type 1 diabetes do not produce enough insulin.

2. When the condition of patients with type 2 diabetes gradually deterioratesOral hypoglycemic drugs can no longer control blood sugar, that is to say, if the doctor prescribes you a hypoglycemic drug, you feel that the effect is not obvious after taking it for a period of time, or that it is not effective, at this time, you should find a doctor to explain, and the doctor will judge whether to switch to insulin according to your situation**.

Some sugar friends are smart and think that the medicine prescribed by the doctor has no effect, and they do not explain to the doctor, so they go outside to buy other oral medicines without authorization, which will only delay the condition and affect the best effect in the later stage.

3. In case of ketoacidosis, patients who obtain hyperosmolar comaAt this time, whether it is type 1 or type 2 diabetes, insulin should be started immediately**.

Therefore, patients with a history of diabetes should maintain close contact with the doctor, so that the doctor can grasp your condition at any time, so that the doctor can adjust the ** plan according to the condition.

4. When diabetic patients have some complications, especially about microvascular complications, such as kidney lesions, retinal lesions, etcIf the doctor diagnoses and determines that it is caused by the poor effect of oral hypoglycemic drugs, then at this time, it is also necessary to consider changing to insulin**.

5. Other non-glycoura** hormones. For example, if there is a sudden abnormality that causes blood sugar to rise, or if you are pregnant, you should also start insulin ** at this time.

If you take hypoglycemic drugs and cause damage to your kidneys, you need to switch to insulin, and if your blood sugar can't go down for a long time, you also need to change to insulin.

Glycophilic type 2 must stop oral hypoglycemic drugs and switch to insulin. Because of type 2 glycemic sugar friends, they are more dependent on insulin.

If there is a tendency to lose weight, then it is better not to take the drug anymore.

If you take hypoglycemic medications and go to the toilet more often, you should switch to insulin.

Long-term use of hypoglycemic drugs does not work but aggravates the condition, so seek medical attention immediately and follow the doctor's instructions on whether to switch to insulin.

If you feel like you're losing weight, it's time to start using insulin.

Oral hypoglycemic drugs can't lower blood sugar, so we are using insulin.

For patients with type 2 diabetes, insulin is used to control diabetes. Patients with type 1 diabetes can be treated with oral hypoglycemic medications**.

Some patients will go to the toilet frequently after taking the medication, and it is recommended to stop the medication.

Relevant experts said that "oral insulin" is unreliable, and diabetic patients must not use it indiscriminately, and should standardize the use of drugs under the guidance of doctors.

Insulin is a "peptide hormone", commonly known as "protein", which is digested by proteases in the stomach after oral administration, thus losing its effect.

According to experts, the research on insulin at home and abroad has not stopped, and scientists have never given up on changing the insulin dosage form, but non-injectable insulin such as "oral insulin", "nasal spray insulin", "sublingual insulin" and so on are still dreams, and many key technical problems are still not solved. In particular, there are large individual differences in the absorption capacity of the human digestive tract, which is significantly different from the operability of subcutaneous injection to absorb insulin.

At present, the "oral insulin" advertised by some domestic pharmaceutical and health products advertised does not exist at all, and many of them are just health products. There is no health supplement that can truly ** diabetes.

Insulin itself is a polypeptide, or a small molecule protein, so oral administration is digested by proteases in the stomach and does not work.