A basic introduction to falsification, talk about the advantages and disadvantages of falsificationi

Pros:Falsificationism.

He bluntly admits that observation is guided by and premised on theory. He is also happy to dismiss any idea that a theory can be established or may be true based on observational evidence. Theories are interpreted as speculations, tentative speculations or speculations freely created by the human intellect in order to try to solve problems encountered by previous theories and to give appropriate explanations for the behavior of certain aspects of the world or the universe.

Cons:All the important developments within the theory of motion occurred after the falsification of the Rebellion. Again, fortunately, this theory is not due to being heated.

of measurements proved to be false and were discarded, and naïve falsifiers would at least be forced to insist that they should be abandoned.

Falsificationism is the English philosopher Popper.

On the scientific method, the criteria for scientific demarcation and the development of science.

The doctrine of patterns. In The Logic of Scientific Discovery

to make a systematic elaboration. This doctrine rejects inductivism and the principle of confirmation as the criterion of scientific demarcation. Holds that there is no universal scientific statement that can be deduced from an observational statement, or that can be described as a truth item for an observational statement.

A single observed fact is sufficient to falsify the full statement, and the criterion for demarcating scientific and non-scientific is the principle of verified falsification. The scientific method emphasized by falsificationism is the method of guess-refutation, or trial-and-error. Any scientific theory is tentatively proposed and then tested.

If the test results show that the theory is wrong, the theory is to be abandoned and replaced by a new one.

It is always possible to be wrong to explore the source or sex theory, and the spirit of criticism should be implemented in science, and through critical discussion and research, people can recognize these mistakes, learn lessons from them, and promote the development of science.

Advantages of Falsificationism The answer is: Limitations of falsificationism: 1 Observing the dependence on theories and the ease of falsification The common denominator of falsifiers is that there is an important qualitative difference between the status of confirmation and falsification.

A theory can be proven false once and for all on the basis of suitable evidence, but it can never be proven true by whatever kind of evidence. However, a theory can always be protected from falsification by transferring the falsification it faces to another part of the whole hypothetical complex, and there is no theory that can be falsified in substance, and even if it is falsified, it may be false. Example:

This was the case when Copernicus's theory contradicted the naked eye observation of Venus, where the Copernicus theory was retained and the naked eye observation of the apparent change in the size of Venus over the course of the year was discarded. The same is true of an example of the Moon, which has been preserved in modern descriptions of the Moon's orbit and has been rejected by an observational statement of the fact that the Moon is much larger when it approaches the horizon than it is at high altitude, which is considered to be some kind of hallucination, although the cause of this illusion is not entirely clear. 2 This is illustrated by a hypothetical example of a fictional fiction by Imre Lakatos in the actual test of the situation:

This is a story about a hypothetical planetary that behaves abnormally. A physicist who was a physicist prior to Einstein's time calculated the orbit of a newly discovered asteroid p based on Newton's mechanics and gravitational law n, and the accepted initial condition i. But that planet deviated from the calculated orbit.

Do we, the Newtonian physicists, think that such deviations are not permissible by Newton's theories, and that if they are established, they necessarily negate the theory? No. He proposed that there must be a hitherto unknown planet P' interfering with P's orbit.

He calculated the hypothetical planet's mass, orbit, and more, and then asked an experimental astronomer to test his hypothesis. The planet was so large that it could not be observed even with the largest telescope possible: so the experimental astronomer applied for a grant to build a much larger telescope.

After three years, a new telescope was built. If this unknown planet p' is finally discovered, it will surely be hailed as a new triumph of Newtonian science.

Logical positivism is based on experience, using logic as a tool, reasoning, and using probability theory to revise conclusions. It argues that the scientific method is the only correct way to study human behavior, and therefore, although it is based on perceptual experience, it denies the positive role of perceptual cognition and is an out-and-out rationalism. From an empirical point of view, many researchers believe that the external objective world can be recognized and quantified.

Falsificationism holds that scientific theories are constantly being confirmed by limited, individual empirical facts, but individual empirical facts can falsify universal propositions. That is, if the conclusion reached on the basis of deductive reasoning is false, its premises must be false.

Briefly describe the concept and characteristics of perjury. A:The crime of perjury refers to the conduct of witnesses, evaluators, recorders, or translators in criminal proceedings who intentionally make false testimony, evaluation, or record Zheng Jian or translator of circumstances that are important to the case, with the intention of framing others or concealing criminal evidence.

1) The objective aspect has the following characteristics: It must be falsely proven, identified, recorded, and translated. "False" generally includes two situations:

One is to fabricate or exaggerate facts to convict people; The second is to cover up or narrow down the facts to exonerate the guilty. It must be a false proof, appraisal, record, or translation of circumstances that are important to the case. The cases here are limited to criminal cases only.

False proofs, identifications, records, and translations must be made in criminal proceedings. That is, perjury is given in the course of filing a case for investigation and before the conclusion of the trial.

2) The main body is a witness, an appraiser, a recorder, and a translator, but they must all be at least 16 years old and have the ability to identify and control.

3) The subjective aspect can only be intentional. Have the intent to frame others or conceal criminal evidence.

The crime of perjury refers to the act of witnesses, evaluators, recorders, and translators deliberately making false testimonies, evaluations, records, or translations about circumstances that are important to the case in criminal proceedings, with the intention of framing others or concealing criminal evidence.

Characteristics of perjury:

2. Objectively manifested as the act of making false proofs, appraisals, records, or translations of circumstances that are important to the case during the investigation, prosecution, or trial of criminal matters, or concealing criminal evidence;

3. The subject is a special subject, that is, it can only be a witness, an evaluator, a recorder and a translator in criminal proceedings;

4. In the subjective aspect, it must be from direct intention.

Legal basis] Article 305 of the Criminal Law stipulates that in criminal proceedings, witnesses, evaluators, recorders, and translators have important circumstances related to the case;

Whoever intentionally makes false testimonies, appraisals, records, or translations, with the intention of framing others or concealing criminal evidence, is to be sentenced to up to three years imprisonment or short-term detention; where the circumstances are serious, the sentence is between three and seven years imprisonment.