What do the ancients mean by the so called Six Books? What are the six books of antiquity

The so-called "six books" of the ancients refer to the six methods of pictographic, signifying, knowing, forming, phonetic, transcribing, and borrowing Chinese characters, which are of great guiding significance for the analysis of the shape and structure of Chinese characters.

The name of "Six Books" was first seen in "Zhou Li.

Diguan Baoshi.

Liu Xin of the Western Han Dynasty "Seven Strategies".

The ancients entered primary school at the age of eight, so Zhou Guanbao took charge of raising the son of the country, and taught six books, which are called pictograms, elephant things, elephant imagery, elephant sounds, transfers, pretenses, and the book of words. This is the earliest explanation of the Six Books, pictograms, pictograms, imagery, and phonographs refer to the shape and structure of words, and transfer and borrowing refer to the way words are used.

Xu Shen of the Eastern Han Dynasty was inspired by Liu Xin, and spent decades of energy sorting out Chinese characters and compiling them into "Shuowen Jie Zi".

A book, in the "narrative" of this book, says: "Zhou Li entered primary school at the age of eight, and Bao taught Guozi to use six books first. One is said to refer to things, and the person who refers to things can see and see, and the upper and lower are also.

The second is called pictograms, and the pictographs are painted into their objects, and they are interrogated with the body, and the sun and the moon are also. The three are called the shape of the voice, the shape of the voice in the name of the thing, take the example of each other, the river is also. Fourth, it is said that the willing, the person who will will be compared to the friendship, in order to see the falsehood, Wuxin is also.

Five said to transfer the note, the transfer of the note to build a class, agree to accept each other, the test is also old. Sixth, it is said that the pretend, the pretend, has no words, and the voice entrusts the matter, and the order is long. Xu Shen's explanation is the first official record of the definition of the Six Books in history.

Later generations still focused on Xu Yi in their interpretations of the Six Books.

According to the law of the development of Chinese characters, the names and orders of the six regulations summarized by the ancients are: pictogram, signifier, understanding, morphology, transposition, and pretense. The first four are the methods of making words, and the last two are the methods of using words.

The former gives rise to new words; The latter does not produce new characters, but rather gives richer meanings to existing characters. Scholars believe that the "Six Books" are the fundamental system of Chinese characters, and until now it is still the method of creating new square characters.

The six ancient books are "Book of Songs", "Book of Songs", "Book of Rites", "Book of Music", "Zhou Yi", and "Spring and Autumn". At the same time, the six books also refer to the six methods of Chinese character construction, pictogram, signifier, huiyi, shape and sound, transfer, and borrowing.

The term "Six Books" comes from the "Zhou Li": "The Bao family admonishes the king evil, and raises the son of the country with the Tao, which is the six arts of teaching: one is called the five rites; 2. Six music; Three is said to be five shots; Four said five pilots; Five and six books; Six is said to be nine counts; ”。

It refers to the Book of Songs, the Book of Songs, the Book of Rites, the Book of Music, the Book of Changes, and the Spring and Autumn Period.

At the same time, the six books also refer to the six methods of Chinese character construction, which are pictograms, signifiers, huiyi, morphophonics, transcribing, and borrowing. The physical structure of Chinese characters is divided into two parts: internal structure and external structure. The internal structure refers to the method of constructing Chinese characters, or the method of making characters, which is traditionally called the Six Books.

Among them, pictograms and signifiers are "word-making", huiyi and shape-sound are "group words", and transcribing and pretending are "using words".

The six books of Chinese characters are pictograms, signifiers, understandings, shapes, sounds, transfers, and borrowings.

In the six books, the first four are direct word-making methods, of which pictograms are the basis of the six books, and then refer to things, understandings, shapes and sounds, and the method of transferring and borrowing words or borrowing words is not the same as the first four word-making methods. "Pictogram" is to depict an actual thing according to the most concise symbols or images, and to express the meaning of the words through shapes. For example, "day", "moon", "mountain", "stone", "field", "fire", etc., are pictographs created according to the shape of things.

Now some of the hieroglyphs are not very obvious, but some can still be seen. Although there are fewer pictographs now, they still occupy a high position in the evolution of writing and are the basis of Chinese characters, for example, "horse" is the word-forming component of words such as "donkey, donkey, and drive", and their meaning can be seen from the shape.

But pictographs had their own limitations after all, and could not meet the needs of rich language, so there were later scripts.

After the Qing Dynasty, it generally refers to pictograms, referring to things, understanding, morphological sounds, transfers, and pretenses, and scholars in the Han Dynasty summarized the composition and use of Chinese characters into six types, collectively known as Liushu.

2.Liushu is an ancient and special performing art form of Lixiahe folk, with six people, two literary fields and four martial arts fields. They are active at weddings in the countryside, children's first birthday parties, and all things related to festivities.

It is the summary and induction of the rules of ancient characters by Xu Shen of the Eastern Han Dynasty in "Shuowen Jie Zi", that is, "pictograms, signifiers, understandings, shapes, sounds, transfers, and pretenses". Pictograms, signifiers, ideologies, and shapes and sounds are the methods of character creation, and transfer and borrowing refer to the use of characters that were later derived and developed. Xu Shen's "Explanation of Words and Words":

Zhou Li entered primary school at the age of eight, and Bao taught Guozi, first with six books:

One refers to things. The person who points to the matter can see it, see it, see it, and see it, and the top and bottom are also;

The second is pictogram. The pictographer is painted as its object, and the sun and the moon are also;

Three are called shape sounds. Those who form and sound, in the name of things, take each other as examples, and rivers are also;

Fourth, it is said that it will be understood. Those who know, compare and dance, to see the commander, Wu Xin is also;

Five, it is said to be transferred. The transferor, the class of the class, agree to accept each other, the test is also;

Sixth, it is said that it is pretended. The pretend, there is no word, according to the voice, the order is also. "

Six books: pictograms, signifiers, understandings, shapes, sounds, transfers, and pretenses. The ancients summarized the methods of making Chinese characters into six types, collectively known as the Six Books.

The Six Books of Chinese Characters refer to the six structural regulations of Chinese characters, which are organized by later generations according to the formation of Chinese characters, rather than the rules of character creation. The Six Books are a system that later people analyzed and summarized Chinese characters.

The scholars of the Han Dynasty summarized the composition and use of Chinese characters into six types, collectively known as the six books, and generally adopted the name of Xu Shen and the order of Bangu. The Six Books Theory is the earliest systematic theory of the construction of Chinese characters, and it is a system that later people analyzed and summarized Chinese characters. After the establishment of the six-book system, people will use this system as the basis when they recreate new characters.

The Six Books, first seen in the Zhou Li, were summarized by scholars of the Han Dynasty into six types of Chinese characters, collectively known as the Six Books. It is common to adopt the name of Xu Shen and the order of Bangu. Liushu is a system summarized by later generations through the analysis of Chinese characters, and it is also the earliest systematic theory on the construction of Chinese characters.

When there was a six-book system, when people recreated new characters, they all used this system as the basis.

The Six Books roughly reflect the understanding of the structure and use of Chinese characters from the end of the Warring States period to the Han Dynasty and later generations. It is basically based on the small seal, and it is a well-established and well-thought-out regulation. It can fully explain Chinese characters, especially ancient characters.

It also plays an important guiding role in the evolution and development of Chinese characters. The theory of six books is a great innovation in the history of Chinese philology.