What was the status of the Zongjin Mansion and the Internal Affairs Office in ancient times?

The Zongren Mansion was established in the early Ming Dynasty, in 1370 (the third year of Hongwu) it was called the main courtyard of the Great Sect, and in 1389 (the twenty-second year of Hongwu) it was renamed the Zongren Palace, and the affairs under its jurisdiction were transferred to the Ministry of Rites. The Qing Dynasty continued the setting of this people's house. The Zongren Mansion is mainly in charge of the clan roster of the emperor's nine clans, writing the emperor's genealogy on time, recording the clan's children's descendants, names, titles, hereditary titles, birth and death times, marriages, and burials.

All the clans stated their requests, reported to the emperor on their behalf, brought in meritocracy, and recorded their guilt and faults. He is responsible for sending and receiving documents, managing the internal affairs of the clan, registering the yellow and red books, imprisoning criminals, and educating the children of the clan. To put it bluntly, those who mainly manage these royal relatives and relatives can often see in movies and television that a certain prince has committed a crime and handed it over to the Zongren Mansion for disposal.

The duty of the Qing Dynasty Internal Affairs Office was to "serve the affairs of the Son of Heaven's family" and manage the affairs of the palace ban, that is, "all the affairs of the subordinate officials of the government (the affairs of the internal affairs government are returned to the Tang Langzhong), the household (Guangchu Division), the rite (the Department of Ceremonies), the soldiers (the Du Yu Division), the criminal (Shen Criminal Division), and the work (Construction Division) are all Yan". There is also the Qingfeng Division in charge of cattle and sheep animal husbandry affairs, and the Accounting Department is in charge of the financial cashier and the acres of manor land. The above seven divisions, together with the Shangqi Academy, the Military Academy, and the Fengchen Academy, are collectively known as the "Seven Divisions and Three Hospitals".

In addition to the seven divisions and three courts, there are more than a dozen institutions, some of which manage various palaces, some manage medicines, some manage books, some manufacture and manage various utensils, and some manage schools.

The Sojin Mansion is the governing body of the clan. The Qing Dynasty designated the descendants of Nurhachi and his brothers as "clans", which is a kind of identity of banner people. The Qing court would compile a kind of file called the Jade Tree, similar to the family tree of the Aixinjue Luo clan, to identify who belonged to the "clan".

The clan banner is the emperor's own family, and the "family affairs" within the family are relatively complicated, and there are often special affairs such as knighthood, support, and attendants, so there is a clan office that is specifically responsible for managing the affairs related to this kind of "identity".

Manchu Imperial Family Affairs Management Committee. Fu: The meaning of yamen.

Like Tiance Mansion and Kaifeng Mansion, they are all administrative law enforcement agencies. Zongren: A child of the clan.

To put it simply, it was the yamen of the Manchu royal aristocracy to deal with family affairs. Generally, it is held by the elders with high prestige in the clan. Because it was a small yamen of the Manchu aristocracy itself.

Therefore, for the children of the clan who need to be punished, they are generally open, and the punishment is reduced by one or more levels than the ordinary "Great Qing Law". The maximum penalty is generally life imprisonment.

The Ministry of Internal Affairs has its roots in the wrapping organization of early Manchu society. Bao Yi (booi) is a Manchu transliteration of domestic servant, and when the Eight Banners system was born, Bao Yi was included in the Bao Yi Niu Lu as part of the Eight Banners members. With the development of Manchu society and the establishment and stability of the Qing Dynasty monarchy, the responsibilities and status of the imperial family have also changed, and it has been transformed into an institution with the nature of palace service - the Inner Palace, which is the prototype of the Internal Affairs Office.

The Internal Affairs Office was the internal court institution of the Qing Dynasty and the great steward of the entire Forbidden City. The Ministry of Internal Affairs did not interfere with the foreign affairs of the imperial court, and there were more than 50 subordinate institutions with more than 3,000 subordinates.

The Ministry of Internal Affairs mainly set up seven divisions and three courtyards to manage the food, clothing, luan, honor guard, construction projects, cashiers, guards, gongna, etc., and also controlled the affairs of salt administration and Rongguan.

It's very terrifying, this place is generally to help the state or the royal family deal with clan affairs, and the people in the royal family who make mistakes will be punished in this place and will be confined.

It's particularly terrifying, people will feel very scared when they hear it, his main role is to make a mistake and be locked up in the Dongren Mansion, in order to help the royal family deal with related affairs, you have to do some rough work when you enter it, and there is often no food.

This place is very terrifying, this place is used to imprison some sinners who have committed serious crimes, and they are tortured here, and few people can get out alive.

The Qing Dynasty's "Zongren Mansion" was a permanent institution of the imperial courtThe main function is to manage the affairs of the members of the royal family.

The historical changes of the "Zongren Mansion".

"Zongren Mansion" is not exclusive to the Qing Dynasty, but inherited from the Ming Dynasty. At the beginning of the establishment of the Ming Dynasty in 1370, Zhu Yuanzhang set up the "Great Sect Courtyard" to be in charge of the affairs of the royal family members. In 1389 (the twenty-second year of Hongwu), it was officially renamed "Zongrenfu".

However, since the Yongle period, the affairs of the royal family and clan have gradually been controlled by the Ministry of Rites, and the "Zongren Mansion" has become an empty institution in vain.

In the ninth year of Shunzhi after the establishment of the Qing Dynasty, the Qing Dynasty emperor felt that the number of members of the imperial family was increasing, and the affairs were becoming more and more complicated, so he imitated the old system of the Ming Dynasty and re-established the "Zongren Mansion". The highest governor of the "Zongren Mansion" is the Zongling, and there are also deputy positions such as Zuo Zongzheng, Right Zongzheng, Zuo Zongren, and Right Zongren, and there are office staff such as Qixinlang and Pen Tie Shi.

The three main functions of the "Zongren Mansion".

Before the Qing Dynasty entered the customs, due to the continuous wars all the year round and the difficult living conditions outside the customs, the total population of the royal family and the Eight Banners hovered at a low level for a long time. However, after entering the customs, the world was peaceful, which led to the rapid multiplication and increase of the population of royal family members, and related affairs became more and more complicated.

First of all, the most important function of the "Zongren Mansion" is to take charge of the roster of the emperor's family, compile the "jade" on time, and record the emperor and the children of the clan, their names, titles, official positions, time of life and death, marriage, nickname, burial and other matters. With the records of the "Zongren Mansion", the emperor's family of hundreds or thousands of people ranked in terms of seniority, estrangement from the emperor's relatives, status, and the corresponding treatment that personnel at all levels should enjoy, so that the emperor did not have to worry about these messy family affairs.

Secondly, another function of the "Zongren Mansion" is to take charge of the inheritance of clan members. Members of the royal family of the Qing Dynasty often get a title, and according to the level of the title, they can get the corresponding money, money and grain, etc. Some titles are hereditary, while others are decreasing from generation to generation.

Some clan members have several sons, and the specific son to whom the title is passed must be counted and sorted out by the Zongren Mansion and executed after being submitted to the emperor for approval.

The third basic function of the "Zongren Mansion" is to punish the members of the clan who commit crimes. The members of the emperor's family all belong to the "dragon sons and dragon grandsons", most of them have titles, once they violate the national law, the three law divisions are difficult to be caught off guard, and they will be handed over to the "Zongren Mansion" for unified punishment.

It can be seen that the "Zongren Mansion" was an important department with important functions in the Qing Dynasty.

Zongrenfu:

Official's signature. In ancient China, it was an institution that managed the genealogy, jue, rewards and punishments, sacrifices and other affairs of the royal family.

In the third year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (1370), the main courtyard of the Great Sect was placed, and in the twenty-second year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (1389), it was renamed the Zongren Mansion, and its chief was the Zongren Order, and this position was held by the prince. But later, the Zongren Mansion was placed under the management of the Ministry of Rites. The Qing Dynasty Zongren Mansion followed the Ming system and was established in the ninth year of Shunzhi (1652).

The prefect was renamed the Zong Ling, and was elected by the prince or the prince of the county. Under the order of the sect, there are official positions such as the left and right sects, the left and right sects, the mansions, and the heads of the halls. The Zongren Mansion is subordinate to the Experience Division, the Left Division, the Right Division, the Silver Treasury, the Yellow File Room, the Vacant Room, the Left and Right Wing Zongxue, and the Eight Banners Jueluo School, which are respectively responsible for sending and receiving documents, managing the internal affairs of the clan, registering the yellow and red books, confining criminals, and educating the children of the clan.

According to the provisions of the "Guangxu Huidian", there are 219 officials in this government and its subordinate units. In addition, in each year of repairing jade, another jade hall is established, with the positions of vice president, chief school officer, and promotion officer. In the Qing Dynasty, the Zongren Mansion was above the cabinet and the six ministries, in order to elevate the status of members of the imperial family.

By the end of the Qing Dynasty, the number of clan personnel increased, and dredging and promoting the promotion of the clan became a major problem for the sect's mansion. "Zongrenfu", an institution in ancient China that managed the genealogy, juelu, rewards and punishments, sacrifices and other affairs of the royal family. They are responsible for sending and receiving documents, managing the internal affairs of the clan, registering the yellow and red books, imprisoning criminals, and educating the children of the clan.

The "Zongrenfu" was an institution that managed the affairs of the royal clan during the Ming and Qing dynasties in China, and was established in the early Ming Dynasty.

After the Qing Dynasty destroyed the Ming Dynasty, in the ninth year of Shunzhi (1652), the Ming system was followed to set up the Zongren Mansion. The head of the Zongren Mansion is the Zongling, which is elected by the prince and the county king, and the deputy is one from the left and right Zongzheng, and is elected by the prince, the county king, Baylor, Beizi, Zhenguo Gong, and Fuguo Gong. There are two divisions of experience, two divisions of the left and right, a silver treasury, a yellow file room, a vacant room, a left and right wing sect, and a school of eight banners.

The primary duty of the Zongren Mansion was to take charge of the royal family and compile the "jade" (royal family tree). From the father of the first emperor of the Qing Dynasty, "Taizu", his main branch is the "clan", and the branch of his uncle and brother is "Jueluo". All royal families who have children, heirs, marriages, knighthoods, titles, promotions, demotions, and deaths must be reported to the Zongren Palace, and the Zongren Mansion shall make a register and store files according to the materials submitted by each clan.

The clan was registered in the Yellow Register, and Jueluo was registered in the Red Register. Those who survive are written with a red pen, and those who die are written with an ink pen. Every ten years, the "jade" is compiled, and the jade museum is also established.

However, the Jade Pavilion is not a permanent institution, and after the Jade Pavilion is compiled, the Jade Pavilion will be dissolved.

The Zongren Mansion is also responsible for compiling the roster of the royal family's meritorious deeds, and all the princes, generals, and general clans, Jueluo's council offices, and deliberations (meritorious examination and awards) are handled by the Zongren Mansion. Litigation cases of the royal family were handled by the Zongren Prefecture in conjunction with the Household Department and the Criminal Department respectively according to the facts of the case. The Zongmu and Jueluo were convicted and sentenced to imprisonment, but they were not executed in the institutions of the criminal department system, and the Zongren Mansion had a "vacant room" (the institution in charge of the prison), and the court officials appointed two officials and four pen-style officials to take charge of the affairs of "captivating criminals".

The Zongren Mansion was in charge of the affairs of the imperial family, so the local administrative, judicial, and supervisory organs of the Jingshi, namely the Shuntianfu Yamen, the Wucheng Patrol Imperial History Yamen, and the Wucheng Terracotta Command Yamen, were not authorized to handle civil and criminal cases involving the clan and Jueluo. In the event that the clan Jueluo violates the criminal law, it can only be transferred to the Zongren Mansion, which will handle it in conjunction with the Criminal Department. And the "Great Qing Law" has a mitigating clause for the clan Jueluo, and even the murderer is not guilty of capital crimes.

There have been many clans who have pretended to be real estate and fields, opened big smoke houses, gambled and raked, and even forcibly occupied the wives and daughters of commoners, and robbed passing merchants. Even Emperor Daoguang had to admit: "Outside the first three gates of the capital, there are often people who claim to be idle clans, in groups of three or five, and there are many ...... of deceitfulThe traitor pretending to be the clan has done a great job of law and discipline, and if it is a disturbance from the unscrupulous clan, it is even more impossible

The Zongren Mansion, the Infantry Army Commander, the Shuntian Mansion, and the Five Cities were strictly investigated and dealt with in order to set an example of deceit. ”

It seems to be a judicial institution within the court, court-like. and those who commit crimes in the royal family shall be in its charge.

The Zongrenfu was the highest authority for the detention and trial of the emperor's relatives.