Recent advances in inorganic chemistry

The fundamental reason is that there is a lone pair of electrons on the n atom.

Since N has 5 valence electrons, plus 3 Cl each donating one electron in the hand field, so that NCl3 contains 8 (4 pairs) of valence electrons, but only 3 single bonds are formed, so there is 1 lone pair of electrons occupying 1 sp3 hybrid orbital. A trigonal pyramidal structure of NCL3 is formed.

B has only 3 valence electrons, plus 3 Cl each provide one electron, so that BCl3 contains 6 (3 pairs) of valence electrons, which just forms 3 covalent single bonds, so BCl3 is sp2 hybridized, planar triangle.

Set the equilibrium [H+] HAC = H- +AC+ starting relative concentration: 0

Equilibrium relative concentration: +

ka= ( / =

Because, with the addition of the homoionic effect, the equilibrium shifts to the left, so + is substituted into the above equation to get: ka = = x

i.e.: [h] + mol l

Dissociation Degree Infiltration 100 =

The dissociation degree of HAC was greatly reduced by the same separation elder shouting shirt effect.

Go to this book of inorganic chemistry or analytical chemistry, check the pH of the buffer solution, and you're good to go.

Ammonium sulphate.

molar NH4+;

5 ml of ammonia.

> molar NH3

Buffer solution. ph=pka+lg( mol/lmn2+][oh-]^2=[( x10^ 10^ksp(mn(oh)2)=

No precipitation is generated.

2。This question is not qualified. "Medium pass in solution.

Add H2S (g) to saturation"＝＝c(h2s)=?

Nucleus because Ksp(Nis) = if saturation concentration C(H2S), H2S --2H+ +S2- Ka=Ka1XKA2=Ka=[S2-][H+] 2 [H2S]= [H+] 2 H+] 2= mol L

pH or ammonium sulfate ==> mol.

Another mole (NH4)2SO4 contains two moles NH4+, so NH4 mol = mol Mole is nh4+;

Answer: Ammonium sulfate contains NH4+; First calculate how many moles of ammonium sulfate is, and then the number of moles of NH4+ is known. The formula is: n=m m.

1.To ask whether the precipitate can be generated, the main thing is to check the solubility product constant ksp, and then calculate the concentration of the corresponding foci spring ions, and use the solubility product rule to judge.

2.The solubility product constant is different to achieve the purpose of separation. As inscribed, the two-stage ionization constant of H2S can be calculated to calculate the concentration of sulfur ions, and the required pH range can be calculated according to the principle of step-by-step precipitation and solubility product. There are usually example problems in textbooks, which can be imitated.

1."If the separation of electronegativity is considered, (hydrogen)> carbon) 4"This phrase means that I don't understand (what does separation mean?). Separation of electronegativity?

In methane, C-4 is electronegative, C is greater than H, and the electron cloud is biased towards C (in fact, the hybrid orbital of C also has a certain effect in this direction), and if you haven't seen it, it proves that you should look organic.

The +1 price of H in NH3 is the same as above. Because the electronegativity of n is even c.

2...Students read books carefully. Spin is a parameter used to describe electrons (broadly speaking, microscopic particles).

It has nothing to do with the atomic orbital gods. Its positive and negative represent the sign of the wave function. You can think of that dumbbell thing that you see as an image of a stationary wave function, and the square of the wave function is the probability density of electrons, so its positive or negative has no effect on describing the electron cloud, but it has an effect on theoretical calculations (e.g., calculating the overlap of wave functions when bonding).

If the positive part overlaps with the positive part (another wave function), its absolute value increases, so its squared value also increases, and the negative and negative overlap also increases, but the positive and negative overlap decreases the value of its square, and the first two are called bonds, and the last ones are called inverse bonds.

For more information, take a look at Mr. Xu Guangxian's quantum chemistry. A set of three copies. Read the required math before you read it.

3.The antibonding orbital has been said above, and it should be pointed out that the orbital has been talked about here, and the electrons are not involved, and the antibonding orbital is just a usually higher energy orbital, and its existence is reasonable (Schrodinger's equation), and it is just a reasonable result of the linear combination of atomic orbitals, just as the bonding orbital is reasonable (it is also the result of the linear combination of atomic orbitals), and the two are not in conflict, but they overlap"Location"No, they're just a combination of atomic orbitals (wave functions).

With that in mind, the problem of feedback bonds is solvable, and in fact there are a lot of substances that have antibonding orbitals, and they have applications because of their (high-energy) antibonding orbitals.

Students: The premise of learning any science well is to understand the theory, and the premise of learning any theory well is to learn mathematics well, and the theory of chemistry is nothing more than structural chemistry and thermodynamics, and inorganic chemistry is just a rough and vague one"Get started"If you really want to learn chemistry well, you have to get familiar with the mathematical tools, then you have to understand the theory, and finally you have to deal with the actual reaction relationships. Although the first two take a long time, it's much better than rotting over vaguely defined and obscure concepts.

Covalent bonds have no electrons gained or lost, and the electronegativity of c h in methane is very close, so no one discusses their positive or negative. However, it is customary to call it a hydrocarbon ......

Positive and negative do not represent the direction of spin, and there can be two electrons in an orbit with opposite spins, both of which can appear in two spheres. If there is only one electron with a positive spin, it will appear in the positive sphere and in the negative sphere.

Because Fe has empty orbitals to Co, the antibonding orbital only increases in energy and does not destroy the bonded orbital. The reason why the antibond orbital exists is because there is such a way of bonding, that is, to make part of the orbital energy increase and part decrease, but the overall energy is lower than the original energy, so this way can exist.

Carbon and hydrogen in methane are covalently bonded and have nothing to do with electronegativity.

In the double-spherical form of the p-sublayer orbital, the positive and negative aspects are only the positive and negative representations of the angular distribution function in the Schrödinger equation, and have no practical significance. If there are only electrons with positive spin in the p subshell, then there are no electrons if they are negative, and if there is only one electron with negative spin in the p subshell, there are no electrons in the positive direction, but the probability of being positive and negative is about the same.

In carbonyl coordination compounds [Fe(Co)5], the metal presents a low oxidation state, and Co is a weak Lewis base, in which the nonbonding electrons of the carbon atom are not easy to give, that is, the ability of Co to bond with the metal is weak, but its ability to form feedback bonds with the metal is stronger, at this time, the metal gives electrons to the ligand (instead of the ligand to provide electrons), and only when the metal has enough electronegativity, it plays the role of an electron donor. Since iron has more valence electrons, it is conducive to the formation of feedback bonds. The feedback key does not destroy the original bonding track.

On the contrary, in carbonyl compounds, the two bonds coexist, which gives the carbonyl compounds formed by metal and CO high stability.

1. First of all, add excess bromine water dropwise to the solution, the silver iodide will dissolve, and then pass the amount of chlorine into the solution.

Silver bromide dissolves.

Ammonia is then added to the solution and the silver chloride dissolves (silver-ammonia reaction).

2. Add an excess of calcium chloride solution to the solution first, and the magnesium hydroxide will dissolve (calcium hydroxide.

The dissolution is lower than that of magnesium hydroxide, this reaction is a physical reaction), when adding ammonia to the solution, zinc hydroxide will dissolve (Zn(OH)2+4NH3= ZN(NH3)4 2++20H- and aluminum hydroxide.

It will not be dissolved, and generally aluminum hydroxide can be made from concentrated ammonia), and finally hydrochloric acid is added to the solution, and aluminum hydroxide is dissolved.

3.If excess hydrochloric acid is added to the solution first, CuC2O4 will precipitate, and when concentrated sulfuric acid is added to the solution, Cus will dissolve.

1.Nitrogen and hydrogen are excessive, this reaction only produces 1mol of ammonia, according to the reaction formula, 1mol of the reaction should produce 2mol of ammonia (can be understood in this way), so the reaction of Kai Cong occurred, that is, the reaction progress is.

2.Since it is a primitive reaction.

It conforms to the law of mass action, which is the rate of reaction.

k*[no] 2*[o2] 1, now the volume is reduced by half, that is, the concentration of the substance is twice as much, that is, the rate is 2 3 = 8 times.

What is the first question?

The second question is blind to the chain called the primitive reaction v=kc(no) 2*c(o2).

The volume is reduced by half, and the concentration of the shed god Kai is doubled: v2:v1=4*2:1=8