What are the argumentation techniques? What are the methods of argumentation

Factual arguments, reasoning arguments, comparative arguments, metaphorical arguments, causal arguments, citation arguments, theoretical arguments.

1. Factual argumentation, also known as example argumentation, is a method of argumentation from materials to opinions, from individual to general.

It is a form of reasoning that draws a common conclusion from the analysis and study of many individual things.

2. The purpose of the argument is to prove that the argument is universal and regular. Since arguments are generally abstracted from concrete materials, their essence is induction.

The inductive method is difficult to complete under many conditions, so its reliability can be guaranteed if it is measured theoretically.

3. Comparative argumentation is a method of argumentation from individual to individual. It is usually divided into two categories: one is analogy and the other is contrast.

4. Figurative argument is to use metaphor as an argument, and use the reason of the parabler to demonstrate the reason of the person being compared (thesis). In a figurative argument, the metaphorist is a set of figurative examples, which contain certain relationships and truths, while the metaphorist is an abstract truth.

5. Causal argument, in nature and society, various phenomena are universally connected, and causal connection is one of the manifestations of universal connection between phenomena. Causal connections are universal and necessary connections, and there is no phenomenon that is not caused by a certain cause; And when the cause and all the necessary conditions.

When all exist, the result is inevitable.

6. Cite arguments, (junior high school Chinese will classify them as moral arguments) quote famous sayings or quote some ordinary people's statements, so as to make them more authoritative and popular, and make the arguments powerful.

7. Theoretical argumentation, (which is classified as a reasoning argument in junior high school language) is to prove that the argument is universal and regular.

The so-called argumentation refers to the process of proving the reliability and truth of the viewpoint after expounding the viewpoint they assert, and the argumentation method is the auxiliary means used in confirming their own viewpoint.

Exemplary arguments: Give representative examples to illustrate a point, so that the argument is more concrete and persuasive. Justification:

Use real-life truths or famous quotes to prove the argument and make the argument more generalized and in-depth. Comparative argumentation: Use positive and negative arguments or arguments to contrast and highlight the highlights.

Figurative argument: Use well-known things as metaphors to prove an argument so that the argument is easy to understand.

A factual argument is not exactly the same as an example argument.

As follows:

First, the deductive method.

It is to start from the general and common principles and principles that already exist in the current study, life and work to promote the proof of a specific point of view.

Second, the inductive method.

Third, the analytic approach. Demonstrate the relationship between the problem and the conclusion by analyzing the point of view to be demonstrated.

Fourth, the law of counter-evidence.

It is to put forward the corresponding rebuttal point of view from the perspective of the argumentation point of view, so as to prove that one's own point of view is correct and the other party's point of view is wrong.

Fifth, analogy. It is to use some specific examples that are basically the same or similar to the viewpoint discussed to demonstrate the correctness of the viewpoint.

Sixth, the law of citation. Use relevant materials that have been proven by facts to prove the correctness of the arguments discussed.

Seventh, the law of fallacy. It is a way to first assume that the other party's point of view is correct, and then further extend this point of view, so as to prove that the other party's view is wrong.

Eighth, metaphors. Use metaphors to illustrate the point.

Argumentation refers to the logical and rational way to support and prove a point or claim through a series of reasoning and evidence. Here are some common methods of argumentation:

1.Inductive: Argumentation is made by drawing general conclusions from specific facts or examples. Induction is often used to deduce general laws or principles from specific situations.

2.Deductive: Through logical reasoning, conclusions are drawn from known premises or assumptions. The deductive method is based on the "if. then", supporting the argument by step-by-step derivation.

3.Analogy: The application of the experience or perspective of one situation to another by comparing different situations but with similar characteristics in order to support an argument.

5.Statistics and Survey Research: Provide objective evidence to support an argument by citing reliable statistics, findings, or findings from scientific research.

6.Reverse argumentation: Emphasizing the reasonableness and strength of one's own point of view by refuting possible opposing or opposing opinions.

7.Logical reasoning: Reasoning and argumentation using logical principles and rules, such as sufficiency, necessity, contradiction, etc.

8.Expert Authority and Citing Authoritative Opinions: Citing the views and research results of experts or authoritative figures to increase the credibility and persuasiveness of the argument.

It is important to note that different methods of argumentation may be more effective in different situations. For different topics and target audiences, it is important to choose the appropriate method of argumentation. At the same time, an effective argument should be based on reliable evidence and sound reasoning, avoiding the use of unfounded assumptions and false logic.

When conducting arguments, it is recommended that students fully research and understand the relevant background knowledge and literature, and conduct sufficient thinking and analysis to ensure the accuracy and validity of the arguments. In addition, communicating and communicating with a mentor or instructor to seek professional guidance and feedback can help improve the quality and persuasiveness of the argument.

Methods of argumentation. The main ones are as follows:

1.Exemplary argumentation: cite conclusive, sufficient, and representative examples to prove the argument;

2.Rational argument: Marxism-Leninism.

The incisive insights in the classic works, the famous sayings and aphorisms of ancient and modern Chinese and foreign celebrities, and the commonly recognized theorems and formulas to prove the arguments;

3.Comparative argumentation: Compare the positive and negative arguments or arguments, and prove the argument in the comparison;

4.Figurative argument: Use well-known things as metaphors to prove an argument. In addition, in the refutation, the method of refutation of "the spear of Er, the shield of the attack" and the method of "reduction of fallacies" are often adopted.

It is often used in combination in the majority meeting.

5.Inductive argumentation is also called "factual argument".It is a method of demonstrating a general conclusion by giving specific examples.

6.Deductive argumentation, also known as "theoretical argumentation", is the method of demonstrating individual cases in terms of general principles or conclusions. That is, to justify the argument of particularity with the argument of universality.

7.Analogical argument is the method of deriving examples of similar things from what is known, that is, the method of argumentation from the special to the particular.

8.Causal argumentation, which reveals the causal relationship between an argument and an argument by analyzing facts.

to prove the argument. Causal arguments can be based on causality, or causal evidence, or causal evidence, or mutual causality.

9.Quotation argumentation: a kind of "truth argument", citing famous sayings as arguments, citing classics to analyze problems and explain the reasoning.

Argumentation refers to the method of expounding one's own point of view and proving it, so that one's point of view has a proof. It is a commonly used technique when writing expository essays, and there are four main types, namely factual argumentation, truth argumentation, comparative argumentation, and metaphorical argument.

1. Facts and arguments use true, reliable, and representative examples to prove the arguments, specifically and effectively prove the central arguments, enhance the persuasiveness, interest, and authority of the article, and make the article easy to understand.

2. Arguments can be combined to enhance the persuasiveness or style of the article, making the argument more powerful or attractive.

3. The comparison of the argument is clear from the right and wrong, and the right and wrong are clear and clear, which is impressive and makes the argument more powerful or attractive.

4. The metaphorical argument is easy to understand, the language is vivid and vivid, and it is easy to be accepted.