What are the causes of hypokalemia and hyponatremia, and how to prevent them scientifically?

Everyone needs to have enough potassium in their body to maintain health in all aspects of their body. When the potassium content in the human body is too low, it will lead to hypokalemia, which will cause some harm to the body. So what causes hypokalemia?

What are the dangers of hypokalemia to the body? Only a better understanding can lead to a better **.

1. Causes of hypokalemia

1. Insufficient potassium intake.

There are many foods rich in potassium, so if you eat normally is enough to replenish potassium to the body, if you have long-term eating too little, anorexia, and dieting, there is a high probability that the potassium content will be insufficient. At the same time, patients underfed for cancer chemotherapy for a long time, and did not add enough potassium in terms of nutrition, or did not give them potassium salt liquid during rehydration, which will also cause insufficient potassium intake, resulting in hypokalemia.

2. Excessive potassium excretion.

This is the main cause of hypokalemia in children, mainly due to severe diarrhea, long-term vomiting, long-term consumption of laxatives, etc. When diarrhea weakens the ability of the small intestine to absorb potassium and increases the excretion of potassium in the urine, diarrhea can easily cause potassium loss in the body, and vomiting can cause metabolic alkalosis, which leads to increased potassium excretion in the kidneys. Therefore, frequent diarrhea and vomiting are very important causes of potassium loss.

3. Abnormal potassium distribution in the body.

Common causes are acute alkalosis, drug factors, and poisoning. Acute alkalosis will cause extracellular fluid K+ to enter the cell, drug poisoning is due to receptor agonists, mannitol and other drugs poisoning, poison poisoning is due to cottonseed oil, barium poisoning, etc.

2. The harm of hypokalemia

1. Arrhythmia.

It is mainly related to the abnormality of conduction to tissues, the excitability of autonomic heart cells, and arrhythmias of nature, such as atrial premature contractions, ventricular premature contractions, sinus bradycardia, supraventricular tachycardia, etc.

2. Skeletal muscle weakness and paralysis.

As a result, the lower limbs develop symptoms of weakness, usually manifested by unsteadiness and difficulty moving. When hypokalemia worsens, symptoms of weakness in the upper limbs and trunk occur, as well as respiratory failure.

3. It can be fatal in severe cases.

When hypokalemia is severe in the later stages, ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation may occur, and in severe cases, the heart will stop beating in a contractile state, causing death.

It can be known that hypokalemia can be very serious when it is severe, endangering the health of the body and life. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to adjusting the diet in order to better replenish the body with enough potassium. If it is difficult to replace potassium with food, oral or intravenous potassium replacement may be used.

In short, it is necessary to have sufficient potassium content in the body to best prevent the appearance of hypokalemia.

Hypokalemia is caused by decreased potassium intake, excessive potassium excretion, extracellular potassium transfer to the cell, alkalosis, and excess insulin. There are two approaches to hypokalemia, the first is potassium supplementation, and the second is to correct water and other electrolyte metabolism disorders.

Hyponatremia is generally caused by two major reasons, the first is insufficient sodium intake, and the second is sodium intake. For the first case, we can replenish it by eating salt, and for the second, we want to check if there is something wrong with our kidneys? If there is a problem that causes a disorder in the hormone levels in the body, go to the hospital actively**.

Chronic hyponatremia is common in a variety of wasting diseases, and the loss of sodium in the body includes sodium not only in intracellular and extracellular fluids, but also in bones. The amount of sodium supplementation should be twice that of the conventional calculation, and the sodium supplementation rate should not be too fast, and it is best to supplement potassium and magnesium at the same time.

Eat more foods that contain sugar, such as cakes and desserts, to replenish the body's sugar, which can be prevented

Hypokalemia is mainly manifested by numbness and weakness of the limbs, nausea, anorexia and other symptoms. In severe cases, respiratory muscles can be affected, and dyspnea may occur, manifested as chest tightness and shortness of breath, and even arrhythmia, heart failure, sudden death, etc.

Hypokalemia is a serum potassium lower than the normal physiological concentration, which may be caused by too little potassium intake, drinking, long-term dieting**, etc., patients can have weakness in the limbs, and in severe cases, symptoms such as numbness and muscle pain in the limbs can occur, and it is mostly accompanied by digestive system manifestations such as nausea, bloating, and loss of appetite, or neurological manifestations such as sluggishness and malaise.

In severe cases, the respiratory and circulatory systems are affected, which is life-threatening.

Patients with hypokalemia should eat more potassium-rich foods, such as meat, vegetables, fruits, legumes, etc., avoid high-salt foods, such as pickles, fast food, etc., and avoid excessive exercise, and take medication regularly under the guidance of doctors, regularly review blood potassium and other related indicators, and in severe cases, oral potassium tablets, intravenous potassium supplementation or emergency treatment.

1 Low potassium intake due to fasting, anorexia, picky eating, or gastrointestinal disorders.

2. Excessive excretion of gastrointestinal tract, **, kidneys, etc. Frequent vomiting, gastrointestinal and biliary tract without drainage, diarrhea, etc., can lead to excessive potassium loss in the gastrointestinal tract. Massive sweating and large-scale deep burns can lead to potassium loss.

In tubular disorders, such as renal tubular acidosis, potassium ions are excreted in the urine, resulting in increased potassium excretion. The use of diuretics can directly affect potassium excretion, and it has been concluded that 1000 patients who use potassium-excreting diuretics have a decrease in serum potassium. In the follow-up of 20 patients who took diuretics for a long time without potassium supplementation, 15 patients developed hypokalemia, so appropriate potassium supplementation was recommended for those who used diuretics for a long time.

3. Potassium is transferred from the outside to the cell. Patients with underlying hypokalemia can cause periodic paralysis due to high glucose intake, excessive diet, exercise, and insulin use. Hyperthyroidism and excessive use of insulin can also lead to intracellular transfer of potassium, causing hypokalemia.

In fact, as long as people can replenish potassium in the body in time, then they are not easy to suffer from hypokalemia, and at the same time, a person can not over-supplement potassium, which is also not conducive to their own health, everyone should properly supplement various elements in the body.

Common causes of hypokalemia in patients are chronic food shortages, malnutrition, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, prolonged fasting, and kidney disease. It is recommended that you have hypokalaemia and that you should promptly** to prevent severe coma, shock, cardiac arrest and tachycardia. There are many causes of hypokalemia, the main cause being total potassium loss.

The most common causes of hypokalemia are unreasonable diet and insufficient intake, such as weight loss, anorexia, etc. Hypokalaemia may also occur in chronically ill patients or those with prolonged diarrhea and vomiting.

Recommendation: Eat more potassium with abnormal potassium content. During acidosis, excess potassium is transferred from extracellular cells to human cells, resulting in hypokalemia.

The main reasons are:1Inadequate potassium intake, such as chronic nutritional deficiencies, long-term hydration of potassium in patients receiving fluids, or insufficient potassium supplementation in intravenous nutrient solutions.

The causes of hypokalemia caused by the use of furosemide, echinasamine, and another decrease in serum potassium (eg, periodic family hypokalemia) are: too little potassium intake, excessive potassium excretion, and extracellular potassium transfer to the cells. Many people are familiar with the low potassium intake because of the high potassium content in foods, which leads to hypokalemia.

The disease can be treated according to **prompt**. What is hypokalemia? The causative elements of hypokalemia include abnormal eating and potassium deficiency.

There are many causes of hypokalemia, such as hypokalemic paralysis, insulin**, and alkalosis. One is the loss of potassium from the gastrointestinal tract, such as nausea and vomiting. For symptoms**, check the potassium in your blood again.

The second is adrenal gland disease, which requires further examination of the adrenal glands with normal or improved CT. There are three types of hypokalemia:1

Hypokalemia due to potassium deficiency, 2Metastatic hypokalemia, 3Dilutive hypokalemia.

Causes of hypokalemia due to potassium deficiency:1Inadequate potassium intake, such as long-term fasting, partial solar eclipse, anorexia, and blood potassium levels are usually lower.

Considering the low potassium in the blood, potassium supplementation is recommended. Guidelines: The causes of hypokalemia in general are as follows:

There are many causes of hypokalemia. One is the loss of potassium from the gastrointestinal tract, such as nausea and vomiting. In this case, potassium in the blood can be checked for symptomatic treatment**.

The second is adrenal gland disease, which requires further examination of the adrenal gland for common or improved TAC, BEM as a stage.

There are many reasons for this disease, but it is generally due to too little potassium intake. The solution is to supplement a lot of potassium-containing foods through dietary therapy, eat more beans, deep-sea fish, vegetables, and fruits.