Senior 1 History Questions The content of the capitalist economic adjustment after World War II

By intervening and directing the economy to adjust, Roosevelt's New Deal set this precedent. To put it bluntly, it is like China's macroeconomic regulation and control, but the name is different, and it must not be confused.

Answer: Develop state monopoly capitalism.

Content: Intervention in the economy.

Implement an employee stock ownership plan. In the modern market economy in the West, the joint-stock system is the dominant form of enterprise organization. Developed countries have implemented employee stock ownership systems, so that a certain proportion of workers own the company's **. Some also involve employees in the "management" of the company.

Implement a welfare policy. To a certain extent, this initiative provides low-income groups with medical care, old-age insurance, unemployment insurance, and various social assistance and subsidies. In the course of its implementation, the state has played a major role.

After World War II, welfare measures developed from sporadic and partial social security to a huge system, from a single social assistance to a citizen's "right", and even the implementation of social legislation to form a "welfare state" policy.

Regulate income redistribution with taxes. Excessive income and the continued inheritance of income are curbed by setting and changing tax rates, increasing tax items, tax exemptions and refunds, adopting inheritance taxes, and so on, so as to reduce the gross inequity in the distribution of domestic income.

Features: Aggressive intervention in the economy using state power. For example, nationalization, the establishment of state-owned enterprises, and the change of the unitary form of ownership; Formulate a guiding economic plan to plan and guide the economy.

Adjustment of the operation and management of private enterprises. In terms of ownership, through decentralization, people's capitalism emerged, and the capitalists no longer had full ownership of the enterprise; As a result of the revolution of managers, the ownership of enterprises was separated from the right to operate, which caused changes in the class structure.

Improve the social welfare system and carry out redistribution of national income. In short, the essence of post-war capitalist economic adjustment is the regulation and perfection of the relations of production.

First, the state's vigorous intervention in the economy.

Strengthen state intervention in the economy.

What do you think is the role of this regulation in the development of the world?

to get advanced products and technologies. On the other hand, it is beneficial to the developed countries, which can dump goods in large quantities to developing countries, and is a tool for the United States to expand its economy abroad.

Assessment of this lesson] After World War II, how did the capitalist world economic system dominated by the United States come into being?

The gist of the answer: After World War II, the countries of Western Europe generally declined, while the economic power of the United States swelled, and the United States attempted to establish a capitalist world economy dominated by itself.

System. The main steps are as follows:

In the summer of 1944, representatives of the wartime allies of the United States, Britain, and China convened the Bretton Woods Conference, and the United States, with its strong economic strength, determined the international monetary and financial system dominated by the US dollar, that is, the Bretton Woods system, and the International Monetary Organization and the World Bank established by it became the two pillars supporting world economic and trade relations after the war.

The General Agreement on Tariffs and Tariffs signed in 1947 formed an international system centered on the United States, which became another pillar of world economic and trade support after the war.

The World Bank, the International Monetary Organization, and the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) have become the three pillars that underpin world economic and trade relations. On this basis, the post-war capitalist world economic system was formed.

Learning Extension. How do you understand this passage from Roosevelt?

The key to solving the problem: read the material and grasp the core sentence: the cornerstone of cooperation is Bretton Woods? Proposals.

Thought Leadership: The Bretton Woods system is a world monetary system dominated by the United States.

The evolution of the world economic landscape (after World War II to the present).

The first stage (1945-the end of the 60s of the 20th century).

Features: The United States has established a capitalist world economic system headed by it.

The second stage (early 70s - late 80s of the 20th century).

Characteristics: The economic pattern of the world has begun to develop in the direction of multi-polarization, and the grouping of economic regions is also a manifestation of the multi-polarization of the economic pattern.

The third stage (90s of the 20th century to the present).

Characteristics: The development of the whole economy is rapid.

Summary: The relationship between regional economic grouping and globalization.

Regional economic grouping is an important way and step to realize economic globalization.

Economic globalization is the ultimate development destination of regional economic blocs.

Capitalist economic development provides a guarantee of social security.

This lesson is skillfully evaluated].

Enumerate the new changes that have taken place in the development of the capitalist economy after the Second World War.

The key to solving the problem: the adjustment of capitalist relations of production.

Thought Guidance: Changes in the economic system, industrial structure and the relationship between various strata.

It has become an important component of the contemporary capitalist economic system; Second, the welfare state developed in the post-war period, especially in the Nordic region, where the welfare system was perfected. Third, the vigorous development of the tertiary industry. Fourth, a "new economy" based on a knowledge-based economy has emerged in the United States, and the development of high technology and continuous technological innovation have promoted the sustained growth of the US economy.

Learning extension (omitted).

First, the state's vigorous intervention in the economy.

1. The background of the state's vigorous intervention in the economy.

1) Keynesianism laid the theoretical foundation for the state's vigorous intervention in the economy;

2) Roosevelt's New Deal provided practical experience for the post-war advanced capitalist countries;

3) The bitter lessons of the Great Crisis of the 30s forced the advanced capitalist countries to abandon laissez-faire economic policies.

2. The way in which the state intervenes in the economy.

1) Implement the national socks debate and establish state-owned enterprises. (British, French, German).

2) Develop an economic plan. (Japan).

3) Expand expenditure, direct procurement, and use fiscal policies such as taxation to adjust social production. (USA).

3. Evaluation and impact of state intervention in the economy.

Pros: Avoid blind production and ensure the sociality of production.

Cons: Poor management and low efficiency.

Second, the micro adjustment of enterprises.

1. "People's capitalism".

Background: Joint stock companies became the main body of the economies of developed countries after World War II.

Meaning: Decentralization.

Some large enterprises usually divide millions of copies into market sales, and at the same time encourage individual employees to buy.

For example, at the end of the 20th century, about 70% of people in the United States directly or indirectly owned**. In 1986, the number of Japanese shareholders was about 22.1 million, accounting for about 20% of the total population, and every worker of Toshiba owned the company.

Germany's Siemens AG had a turnover of 11.8 billion marks in 1996, but the Siemens family controlled Siemens with only about 4% of the company**.

Of the total value of the United States, only 11% of the inhabitants account for 90 percent, while the richest 10 percent account for 63 percent. Although minority shareholders have the right to participate in shareholders' meetings, they cannot exert influence on the company's major decisions.

Substance: The decision-making power of the enterprise is still in the hands of a small number of major shareholders.

Impact: (i.e., the role of decentralization) to alleviate social contradictions, absorb a large amount of social funds, and benefit the development of enterprises. It reflects the trend of socialization of capital.

2. "Operator Revolution" - Separation of management rights and ownership.

Background: The increase in the scientific and technological content of enterprise production and the increasing complexity of the production process require enterprise operators to have high management ability and professional and technical knowledge.

Meaning: The owner of the enterprise has withdrawn from the front line of operation, and the control of the enterprise has decreased, and the management is carried out by specialized managers and scientific and technological personnel.

The management level of the enterprise has been improved, the number of management personnel has increased, and the development of the enterprise has been promoted.

3. The emergence of the welfare state.

Social welfare system: refers to the state in which private enterprises produce material goods and provide social services and infrastructure that are essential for the improvement of civilization and culture, including social insurance, health care, housing construction, education, cultural activities, etc. It is generally accepted that most developed countries established "welfare states" after the Second World War

Fourth, the emergence and end of the "** era".

In the 50s and 60s of the 20th century, there was a period of rapid economic development in developed countries, which was called the "first era" in history, and ended after the emergence of the economic crisis in 1973 and began to enter a period of "stagflation".