What are the reasons and lessons for the failure of the Westernization Movement in history?

In history, the Qing Dynasty was the darkest period of our country. In the Qing Dynasty, due to the isolation of the country, we gradually lagged behind the Western powers in the development of the world.

In the last years of the Qing Dynasty, it was not without patriots who worried about the country and the people, and wanted to save the feudal dynasty that had been twilight through reform.

However, due to the nature of the feudal society of the Qing Dynasty, the reforms at the end of the Qing Dynasty did not succeed once. Among them, the failure of the Westernization Movement is the most representative, and I will talk about the reasons and lessons of the failure of the Westernization Movement. <>

1. ReasonsWesternization MovementThe fundamental reason for the defeat was that the Qing Dynasty at that time still did not break away from it in essenceFeudal societyproperty. It is simply unrealistic to let the feudal rulers revolutionize their own rule.

At the same time, the main object of Qing ** in the Westernization Movement was the Western powers that invaded the land of China. The Western powers, for the sake of their own interests, will not allow the Westernization movement to succeed. The Western powers were not stupid enough to think that the Qing Dynasty would still be under their control after it became strong.

Finally, in the actual reform process of the Westernization Movement, corruption was very serious. In the Westernization Movement, corrupt management only wanted to reap their own benefits, regardless of whether the Westernization Movement succeeded or not. <>

2. LessonsThe failure of the Westernization Movement also made us more aware that it was impossible for the Qing Dynasty to achieve its own prosperity and strength through reform. The reform of a society needs to be carried out from the top.

on the start, not on the technical level. If society wants to reform, it is necessary to make the productive forces and relations of production in society.

Adapt. At that time, the situation was that the production relations of the Qing Dynasty had seriously hindered the development of the productive forces. <>

Moreover, the development of the country can only depend on ourselves, so that we can achieve a situation of abundant food and clothing through the means of self-reliance. The foreign powers were limited to maintaining the benefits they had already gained in China, and did not want China to become really strong at that time.

The reason for the failure of the Westernization movement was that the corrupt feudal system was not overthrown. The lesson of the Westernization Movement was that without changing the feudal system of society, it would not be possible to save China by importing Western technology alone.

Reason: The Westernization movement was feudal. The Westernization movement was dependent on the Western powers.

The management of Western-style enterprises is corrupt. Lesson: In a semi-colonial and semi-feudal social environment, the landlord class has its own limitations and weaknesses and cannot lead the Chinese people to the victory of liberation.

Reason: First of all, the Westernization movement was feudal. Second, the Westernization movement was dependent on the Great Powers. Thirdly, the management of the Westernization movement was rotten.

Lesson: The landlord class cannot shoulder the heavy responsibility of China's modernization.

Reasons for failure, 1The Westernization movement was feudal; 2.the dependence of the Westernization Movement on foreign countries; 3.

The management of Western-style enterprises is corrupt. Lessons, 1The new productive forces are incompatible with the feudal relations of production and its superstructure, and it is impossible to fully develop them under the pressure of feudalism.

In order to cultivate foreign talents, it is necessary to change the feudal system. 2.Western countries do not want China to become truly rich and strong, so they cannot rely on foreign countries for everything, they need to be independent, and new enterprises need a new management system, give businessmen a certain right to speak, and do not interfere too much.

Appointing technical personnel to manage the business is also of some help to modern enterprises.

The reason for the failure of the Westernization Movement was fundamentally the system itself at that time, so if the feudal system was not changed, then there was no possibility of success.

Failure to mobilize the broadest masses of the people, nor dare to mobilize the masses of the people, is a self-adjustment of the ruling class, representing the interests of the ruling class, and is doomed to failure. Do not have any illusions about the decadent Qing **, and should widely mobilize the toiling masses to overthrow the decadent rule of the Qing **.

Reason for failure:

It lies in the opposition of the conservative forces. In the Westernization movement.

After the beginning, two opposing factions appeared in the imperial court, the Westernists and the conservatives. The conservatives hindered the development of the Westernization movement, and they were united by the Japanese and Weng.

For example, they were typical scholars of scholarly origin, and although they belonged to the landlord class with the Westernists, they lacked progressive ideas and could not follow the history of the world.

The big trend of the trend.

At the local level, the feudal government also closed down factories set up by the private sector to prevent them from sprouting national industry and capitalism.

All the Ming Chant is stifled.

Lesson: It is not possible to only study Western artifacts without learning Western systems and ideas, and the essence of the Westernization Movement is only a feudal program led by the landlord class.

The self-help movement, which is based on ethics and uses Western science and technology to maintain feudal rule, does not enable the emerging bourgeoisie to exercise effective leadership, nor does it lack the input of private capital, and fundamentally lacks capital and vitality.

The positive significance of the Westernization movement.

1. The Westernization faction of the Westernization Movement inherited Wei Yuan's long skills to control the country.

The idea of "self-improvement" and "seeking prosperity" was put forward, and through the state power in his hands, he concentrated his forces to give priority to the development of the military industry, and at the same time developed a number of civilian enterprises, which objectively played a certain role in promoting the development of China's early industry and national capitalism.

2. A number of new-style schools were opened, the earliest official students were dispatched, and a number of Western books were translated, which brought new knowledge to China at that time and opened people's eyes.

Nature: The self-help movement of feudal rulers.

What it does:It has objectively promoted the development of China's productive forces, promoted the emergence and development of China's national capitalism, resisted the economic import of foreign capitalism to a certain extent, and promoted the modernization of China's education and national defense.

Reason for failure:These include the drawbacks of the traditional feudal system, the lack of complete planning, the lack of insight of the principals, the opposition of the old-fashioned people, and the corruption of the bureaucracy.

Lesson:During the Westernization Movement, although the Westernists boasted of a "new deal for self-improvement," because they were all defenders of feudal traditional thought, they had no intention of learning the capitalist political and economic system at all, and only advocated learning Western technology, and strongly opposed any form of reform of feudal ideology and feudal system.

It's just that he wanders in the fence of the feudal kingdom and thinks that he has something new and proud, so in the end he can't show "self-improvement" and "zhongxing" in front of foreign invaders. On the contrary, under the attack of the invading forces of the foreign powers, the "feat" carried out by these defenders of feudal ideas quickly failed.

The Westernization Movement first arose during the suppression of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom by the Qing Dynasty. At that time, the domestic Tianping Heavenly Kingdom Movement made the Qing ** anxious, and in order to suppress this huge peasant uprising, the Qing ** did not hesitate to ask the Western powers for help. During this period, the advanced science and technology of Western countries gave the Westernists led by Zeng Guofan the idea of learning from them.

At the end of 1860, Zeng Guofan took the lead in putting forward the idea of learning from the advanced science and technology of the West and building warships. In 1861, Zeng Guofan proposed to the Qing court to buy warships and ** from abroad and imitate them by himself. His proposal was quickly supported by Yi and Li Hongzhang.

In the subsequent Westernization Movement, Zeng Guofan, Yi, and Li Hongzhang became the pioneers of the Westernization School.

As representatives of the Westernization faction, Zeng Guofan and others believed that in order to suppress the people's resistance and maintain the rule of the Qing Dynasty, it was necessary to be self-reliant and self-reliant, and to do this, it was necessary to introduce advanced Western science and technology on the basis of maintaining the existing feudal rule.

It is hoped that while reforming the feudal system will not be touched, it will also use advanced science and technology to achieve the goal of maintaining feudal rule. This proposition of the Westernists was strongly opposed by the diehards of the DPRK and China, represented by the university scholar U Ren, and a fierce dispute broke out between the two sides.

Due to the relatively open-minded and close relationship between the Westernists and the Western powers, the Empress Dowager Cixi weighed again and again, and finally decided to stand on the side of the Westernists for the time being, hoping to relieve the ruling crisis of the Qing Dynasty by carrying out the Westernization Movement.

Reason: First of all, the Westernization movement was feudal.

Second, the Westernization movement was dependent on foreign countries

Third, the management of Western-style enterprises is corrupt

Lessons: (1) The new productive forces are incompatible with the production relations of feudalism and its superstructure, and it is impossible for the ridge to be fully developed under the shackles of feudalism. (2) Western countries do not want China to become truly rich and strong, so they cannot rely on foreign countries, and need to be independent (3) New-style enterprises need a new management system to give businessmen a certain right to speak, do not interfere too much, and appoint technical personnel to operate and manage

The reason for the failure: only learning Western science and technology, without touching the roots of the feudal system. Lesson: China cannot be made rich and strong without learning technology and not changing the feudal system, and the landlord class cannot save China.