-
The Earth is surrounded by a thick atmosphere.
The entire atmosphere exhibits different characteristics with different altitudes, and is divided into troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, warm layer and fugitive layer, and above it is interstellar space.
The troposphere can be divided into lower, middle and upper layers according to the characteristics of the distribution of air currents and weather phenomena. �
1) Lower layer: The lower layer is also known as the disturbance layer or friction layer. The range is generally from the ground to an altitude of 2 km.
Depending on the season and day and night, there are some variations in the range of the lower layer, generally higher in summer than in winter, and more during the day than at night. In this layer, the air flow is greatly affected by the friction of the ground, and the turbulent exchange is particularly strong, and usually, as the altitude increases, the wind speed increases and the wind direction is deflected. This layer is affected by the thermal action of the ground, and the temperature also has a significant diurnal variation.
Due to the high content of water vapor and dust particles in this layer, low clouds, fog and floating dust occur frequently. �
2) Middle layer: The bottom boundary of the middle layer is at the top of the friction layer, and the height of the upper layer is about 6 kilometers. It is much less affected by the ground than the friction layer, and the airflow condition essentially characterizes the tendency of air movement throughout the troposphere. Most of the clouds and precipitation in the atmosphere are produced in this layer. �
3) Upper Layer: The upper layer extends from a height of 6 km to the top of the troposphere. This layer is less affected by the ground, the temperature is below 0 all year round, the water vapor content is low, and the various clouds are made up of ice crystals and supercooled water droplets.
In the mid-latitudes and tropics, strong wind bands with wind speeds equal to or greater than 30 m/s are common in this layer, the so-called jet stream.
In addition, between the troposphere and stratosphere there is a transition layer with a thickness of several hundred meters to 1 2 kilometers, called the tropopause. The main feature of this layer is that there is an abrupt change in temperature as it decreases with altitude. The circumstances of its changes are:
The temperature decreases very slowly with altitude, or is almost isothermal. The position of the tropopause is determined based on the starting height of this change. The temperature at the tropopause averages about -83 at low latitudes and -53 at high latitudes.
The tropopause has a strong blocking effect on the vertical airflow, and the rising water vapor and dust particles tend to accumulate underneath, making the visibility there often poor.
Medium-sized and above civil aircraft are flying at high altitude, and the high altitude here refers to the space at an altitude of 7 kilometers to 12 kilometers. In this space, there are 1 height layer of 1 km, which is divided into 6 height layers: 7 km, 8 km, 9 km, 10,000 m, 11,000 km and 12,000 km.
High-altitude aircraft are only allowed to fly at a given altitude.
Therefore, the normal cruising flight of the plane is above the clouds, and naturally the sun can be seen all the time. The sunset from the sky is quite beautiful, the clouds are red underfoot, and the plane looks like a ship in a sea of red. However, due to the lack of water vapor refraction, the sunset in the sky is also quite dazzling. Ha ha.
-
Because he's a new type! Big brothers and sisters, although my questions are not good, but they are all done with heart, I hope you can give me the best thank you! Have fun!
-
Because there's no atmosphere in space, that's all.
The water in the ocean, lakes, plant surfaces, and soil evaporates all the time, turning into water vapor and entering the atmosphere. Moist air containing water vapor rises upwards for some reason. During the ascent process, as the surrounding air becomes thinner and thinner, the air pressure becomes lower and lower, and the volume of the rising air expands. >>>More
Psychologists believe that excessive emotional reactions are related to a person's personality and specific experiences. >>>More
Our sun is formed after a large amount of hydrogen gas mass has gathered. After accumulation, a huge gravitational force is generated to cause the hydrogen outside the hydrogen mass to continuously collapse to the inside, and the gravitational potential energy generates a large amount of heat during the collapse process, and the higher the temperature is the closer to the center. When the temperature reaches a temperature that can trigger nuclear fusion between hydrogen atoms, our sun is born. >>>More
The sun is a red-hot gas planet that shines on its own. The temperature on its surface is about 6,000 degrees Celsius, and the core temperature is as high as 15 million degrees Celsius. The radius of the Sun is about 696,000 kilometers, which is about 109 times the radius of the Earth. >>>More
Sunlight is parallel light, because the distance between the earth and the sun is 150 million kilometers, so far, such a large sun rays, we generally see it as parallel light. If you look at it as a parallel light, then, when the sun rises from the northeast in one place, the sun rises from the northeast everywhere else where the sun rises and sets. >>>More