How to prevent pests and diseases by growing cucumbers in the vegetable garden? How can vegetable fa

Prevention and control of infectious diseases: such as horn spot, downy mildew, gray mold, powdery mildew, anthracnose, virus disease and so on. The reason is that cucumbers are invaded by pathogens, and the infection is transmitted through soil, insects, seed sources, water and fertilizer, etc.

Vine blight: It is a condition that is easily triggered by wounds, and sometimes the leaves are infected and the vines are infected. The symptoms of the disease are that the branches of the vine slowly turn yellow-brown, then black spots begin to appear, and finally the vine will wither and die.

Onset is mostly concentrated in the rainy season.

<> pesticide control: At the beginning of the disease, spray 3000-4000 times of 25% dilidemulsified concentrate, 3000-4000 times of 30% Aimiao emulsifiable concentrate, 900-1000 times of 10% Polyann wettable powder, 2000 times of 50% Suklin wettable powder, and 1000 times of 25% amicida emulsifiable concentrate; (1) Cultivate strong seedlings and increase ventilation and light transmission. Greenhouse cucumbers should pay attention to moisture drainage.

2) The diseased leaves were removed in time, and the agent was sprayed with 75% chlorothalonil 600 times, 1:1 1·25:240 times Bordeaux solution, 50% dyceydate 1000 times solution, and 50% carbendazim 500 times solution.

When it comes to growing cucumbers, cucumber thrips are one of the most difficult pests to control. For this pest, it is recommended that farmers control it in advance and spray some egg-killing nymphs such as pyripropyl ether and lice mites in the early stage! After the occurrence of thrips in the later stage, it is recommended to control agents (cost from low to high) thiamethoxam first, cucumber physiological diseases and control.

The physiological diseases of cucumber are mainly manifested in deformed fruits and leaves, mainly from three aspects, environment, nutrient deficiency and pesticide damage. Environmental factors should be taken into account for the water exposure at each stage of growth and development from seed germination to the end of the growth period.

Chemical control technology for major pests of cucumber. On the basis of doing a good job in field management, coordinate the application of various measures, and if necessary, select high-efficiency, low-toxicity and low-residue pesticide spray control in time at the young nymph stage of pests.

After diluting the brown sugar into a solution, the amino acids, vitamins and trace elements contained in the solution can be directly absorbed and utilized by cucumber seedlings, which helps to improve the growth of seedlings and enhance the disease resistance of plants.

First of all, high-quality and high-yield varieties with low temperature resistance, strong disease resistance and good commercial performance are selected. In order to reduce the occurrence of disease and insect damage in the seedling stage, the seedling land and the planting ground should be properly isolated, and the nutrient bowl is used to raise seedlings, prepare sterile nutrient soil, and at the same time apply well-rotted organic fertilizer, and implement the management of large temperature difference between day and night.

The first point is that we should pay attention to watering in time, so as to get very good results, the second point should pay attention to fertilization to prevent pests and diseases, and the third point should pay attention to the timely renovation to get the effect.

At this time, we should do a good job of prevention, we must water and fertilize in time, we should also use pesticides and herbicides, the temperature of planting should not be too high, and the sensitivity should be about 20 degrees to 22 degrees. Do a good job of ventilation.

Watering more, timely draining Qi Xun to remove useless wastewater, timely spraying of pesticides, timely inspection, dispelling and filial piety to remove the disease, maintaining sufficient sunlight, maintaining ventilation, choosing drought-resistant varieties, and maintaining a suitable temperature.

Reduce the spraying of pesticides, carry out physical fiber prevention and control of damage and wear, reduce the damage of pesticides to cucumber seedlings, scientifically water cucumber seedlings, timely fertilization and top dressing, pay attention to the temperature and humidity of planting cucumbers, and remove weeds in time.

Viral diseases are not evenly distributed in the field, and there are often central diseased plants, or the distribution of diseased plants is scattered, and the disease occurs first in many places, even if it is adjacent to each other, there are healthy plants and diseased plants; Physiological diseases, on the other hand, tend to be distributed in sheets and strips, and the symptoms are consistent and occur at the same time. You can also use sunlight to disinfect the soil at high temperatures, and thoroughly water the diseased farmland in summer to promote sclerotial rot; Before cucumber planting, 50% Pythium or iprodione visible powder per mu was mixed with 20kg of sieved fine soil, stirred evenly and raked in the soil;

Crop rotation deep ploughing: In conditional plots, it is best to implement 2-3 years of rotation with gramineous crops, cucumbers cultivated in protected areas, vegetables should be deeply cultivated after seedlings are pulled, and the pathogens will be buried deep under the soil, so that they can not germinate normally and produce ascomycetes. Cucumber requires 60% 90% relative humidity in the air and 60% 90% in the soil.

However, each growth stage of cucumber is different, with a relative humidity of 60% to 70% at germination, seedling and early flowering, and 80%-90% at flowering and fruiting.

If sclerotiniostobacle cysts or diseased residues at the affected site fall on the cucumber leaves at will, the cucumber leaves can be harmed. In the early stage of the disease, irregular yellow-brown lesions are formed on the leaves, and then spread to the center of the leaves, the leaf edges are mostly black-brown, and the back of the leaves gradually turns light gray, which can also harm the stems and leaves, and can occur from cucumber seedling stage to adult plant stage. Stem infection, the disease site is mainly at the base of the stem and the stem branch, the initial occurrence of water-soaked spots, after the expansion of light brown, the diseased stem soft rot longitudinal crack, the stem above the diseased part of the stem and leaves withered and died.

Before sowing to sterilize the seeds, you can put the seeds in 55 warm water, soak for 15 minutes, the ratio of water and seeds is 4:1, take a tool to stir in the water when soaking, if you are afraid that the water temperature will drop, you can add warm water halfway. When it is time to soak, the temperature can drop naturally, and the interval is 5 days; or 300 450 times liquid spray of 2% amino-oligosaccharide aqueous solution, with an interval of 7 10 days; or 5% bacterial poison water agent 250 300 times liquid spray, with an interval of 7 days; or 3% triazole riboside aqueous agent 900 1200 times liquid spray.

1. Choose disease-resistant varieties. 2. Strengthen management: cultivate strong seedlings, timely top dressing (apply enough organic fertilizer, increase phosphorus and potassium fertilizer), watering, and prevent premature plant aging.

In pruning, tying vines, and picking melons, it is necessary to first "healthy" and then "sick", and work in batches. Hands and tools that have been in contact with diseased plants should be washed with soapy water or treated with liquid medicine. Remove weeds in the field, eliminate the source of poison, and cut off the route of transmission.

3.Control of stinging and sucking pests such as aphids: physical aphid control - cover with silver-gray aphid-repellent screen or hang silver-gray nylon membrane strips to avoid aphids, or carry out yellow board aphid trapping (hanging yellow wood or cardboard in the shed and applying engine oil to absorb aphids and stick them).

Cucumber physiological diseases are mostly caused by unreasonable farming, cultivation, management and unsuitable environmental conditions of growers, as well as toxic substances that cause abnormal plant growth. Although this type of disease is not contagious, it often occurs in patches and has a great impact on cucumber production. The symptom identification and prevention methods of common physiological diseases in cucumber production are introduced as follows

1. Cucumber high temperature obstacle 1Symptoms: After the cucumber in the solar greenhouse enters April, as the temperature gradually rises, the temperature in the shed can sometimes be as high as 40-5o in the case of untimely ventilation or poor ventilation, which seriously affects the growth and development of cucumber.

2.**: The temperature in the greenhouse is higher than 40, and the soil moisture content is low, in this case, the plant growth is accelerated, which is easy to cause overgrowth.

3.Control methods: select cucumber varieties with high temperature resistance; Strengthen the ventilation of the solar greenhouse, so that the temperature in the shed is kept below 30 during the day, about 18 at night, and the relative humidity is lower than 85; It is best to choose 8-10 a.m. for watering, and do not water at night or on cloudy days; Formula fertilization technology is adopted, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are appropriately increased, and potassium dihydrogen phosphate +0 5 urea can also be sprayed on the foliar surface, sprayed 1 time in 5-7 days, and sprayed 3 times in a row; In the event of continuous high temperature or dry weather, the cucumber evaporation in the shed is large, and the respiration is vigorous, so the watering frequency and amount should be increased appropriately according to the situation.

2. Cucumber physiological wilting 1Symptoms: From the early stage of melon picking to the peak period, the growth and development of the plant has been normal, sometimes at noon on a sunny day, the symptoms of acute wilting and wilting suddenly appear, and gradually recover at night, so that after several days, the plant can not recover and finally die, there is no abnormality from the appearance, the diseased stem is cut, and the catheter is not diseased.

2.**: Cucumber physiological wilting is mainly due to too much watering too often, resulting in too high water content in the soil, resulting in root suffocation, and at the same time producing toxic substances in the soil, so that root poisoning causes disease.

3.Control methods: select heat-resistant varieties; The watering in the shed should be observed frequently, and the amount and frequency of watering should be adjusted in a timely manner.

3. Cucumber burnt edge leaves 1Symptoms: Mainly appear on the middle leaves, the affected leaves initially appear in part or most of the leaf margins and the entire leaf margins dry edges, the dry edges reach 2-4 mm deep in the leaves, and in severe cases, the leaf margins are dry or curled.

2.**: First, the shed is suddenly released under high temperature and high humidity conditions, resulting in excessive water loss of the leaves; Second, when spraying insecticides or fungicides, the concentration of the drug is excessive or the liquid is excessive, which gathers on the leaf edge and causes chemical damage.

3.Prevention and control methods: the shed should be ventilated, and it should be slowly and appropriately ventilated according to the actual situation; Adopt formula fertilization technology; When using insecticides and fungicides, scientific and rational use of drugs should be achieved.

Fourth, cucumber leaf burn disease 1Symptoms: It mostly occurs in the middle and upper leaves of the plant, especially the leaves close to or touching the greenhouse film are more serious, the chlorophyll decreases in the early stage of leaf burning, and part of the leaves becomes bleached, and then turns yellow and dies.

Leaf burns are mild, and half or the whole leaf is burned. 2.**：

Leaf burning is a physiological disease caused by high temperature, cucumber has a strong tolerance to high temperature, and 32-35 will not cause damage to the leaves.

The soil should be kept at a good humidity, and fertilizer should be carried out properly, some weeds should be removed, and seedlings should be tipped properly, so that cucumbers can be exposed to more sunlight, and some pesticides can be sprayed.

To observe the growth of cucumbers, once you see other things on the leaves of cucumbers, you should fertilize them in time, and you can carry out foliar fertilization to ** pests and diseases.

Summer cucumber diseases and insect pests are more prominent, and the main pests and diseases and control measures are:

Cataplexy: spray prevention and control with 70% dixone 300 times, 75% chlorothalonil 800 times or 70% methyl tobuzine 800 times. Fusarium wilt:

Spray with 70% Dixone 800 times or 20% Likson 800 times solution. Powdery mildew: Spray with 20% powdery rust 2000 times, 10% Shigao 2000 3000 times or 75% chlorothalonil 700 times.

Melon aphid: spray with 300 times of afudin, 3000 times of Uranus or 1500 times of 25% chloraceous aphid. Melon fruit fly:

It is sprayed with 48% Lesbenzene 1000 times, 90% trichlorfon 1000 times or 80% dichlorvos 1000 times. Yellow striped jumping beetle: can be sprayed with 10% imidacloprid wettable powder.