What is the purpose of exile outside the customs?

That's the point"Outside the customs"What is the meaning. Before the Qing Dynasty, China's most important frontier defense line was in the north, and the foreign enemies that posed a threat in all dynasties came from the north, so they attached great importance to the northern defense line. After generations of management and power struggle, before the Qing Dynasty, China's northern defense line was basically fixed in today's Shanhaiguan area, (of course, it is not immutable, sometimes it will be pushed forward, sometimes it will move backwards) and this border defense line is also a dividing line of life, the line of defense (Guannei) is the area controlled by local civil **, with normal life order, and outside the line of defense (outside the Guan) is not subject to the control of local civil **, and basically implements military management.

Life outside the customs is extremely difficult, there is nothing else to do except march and fight, and in ancient times, criminals were sometimes sentenced to serve in the army, if it was worse, they had to serve in the army outside the customs. Although prisoners had a certain degree of freedom in life and did not have to be imprisoned, they were kept under strict surveillance and had to perform dangerous and hard work, and many never returned. If you are lucky enough to make it to the end of your sentence, you can return to your country of origin and start a normal life again.

Guan is Shanhaiguan Outside the customs is the Northeast In ancient times, the Northeast was said to be a place where birds don't Put you in that kind of place Think about what you are doing Labor reform is definitely stronger than in prison After 3 years, you can come back.

It is to be sent to the border and remote areas to do coolies, and they cannot return to the Central Plains within 3 years, and they have to work every day and there are still people watching.

During the Qing Dynasty, there were countless "famous families" assigned to Ningguta. During the Kangxi period, the case of Dai Mingshi's "Nanshan Collection" and Fang Xiaobiao's "Yunnan and Guizhou Chronicles" that shook the government and the opposition involved three or four hundred people, including Kangxi's favored Jiangsu governor Zhang Baixing, and the celebrity Fang Bao and many other innocent people were implicated. After Kangxi saw the twists, he thought that there were too many people involved in the case, and he was a little compassionate.

In a little more than a month, it will be his sixtieth birthday, and he also wants to ask for good luck. According to this judgment, only one person was beheaded, and his family was not guilty. The other party's filial piety, because he had passed away, did not delve into it, and only sent his son and family to Ningguta at the same time.

In addition to Ningguta, the Qing Dynasty sent criminals to Shangyang Fort. Shangyang Fort is 20 kilometers east of Kaixian County, Liaoning Province. In the fourth year of Shunzhi, in late autumn, the autumn wind is whiskling, and the autumn rain is fluttering.

The defenders of Nanjing, occupied by the Qing army, were checking the pedestrians entering and leaving the city gate. Suddenly, a Guangdong monk Han Ke who wanted to leave Ningnan and go south found contraband in his bag A manuscript that records the achievements of anti-Qing fighters is called "Changes". The Qing army was frightened and immediately seized him and tortured him, but he gained nothing.

Later, the Criminal Department convicted him of "interfering with the current situation with words" and exiled him to Shenyang, outside the Guan.

We can see such a plot in famous books and movies, ** committed some more serious things, and was sent to a distant pass by the emperor, but many people wondered, there is no need for a good prison, why do you want to make this play, and there is no convenient means of transportation in ancient times, and you have to take care of the food and drink of the public and the prisoner along the way.

In ancient times, exile was a major crime second only to the death penalty, and by placing the prisoners in sparsely populated poor areas, it was difficult for the general exiled prisoners to survive, so what was the significance of the emperor's practice? Nothing more than these 3 points. Clause.

1. Enriching the Frontier ForceThe ancient frontier areas were sparsely populated, and it was difficult to resist if an enemy attacked, and in addition, it was far away from the palace, and it took a long time to transport military supplies and food, and the exiled prisoners had to do some farm work on weekdays in order to be ready to extract grain at any time.

Clause. 2. Development of Border AreasThe border areas are too sparsely populated, and the country must also develop, but no one among the ordinary people wants to move to such a poor and desolate place, so that the development of the border areas can be promoted by sending prisoners over.

Clause. Third, it seems that the emperor is merciful to the people who have committed great crimes and have been exiled, in the final analysis, that is, to be honest farmers, arable land is the foundation of a country, and these prisoners are free to help the country work, which is conducive to the development of the country, and the most important thing is to release these criminals who have committed serious crimes without the death penalty, which also reflects the emperor's "mercy" and "forgiveness".

The second is a punishment for the prisoner. In ancient times, people had a strong idea of relocating to their land, so they were reluctant to leave their hometown, let alone go to such a deserted place. So this is a heavy psychological blow to them, far more painful than in prison.

Moreover, at that time, people still paid attention to returning to their roots, so they would definitely reform themselves in such a place and strive to return home as soon as possible.

Finally, it is conducive to national security。At that time, the prison was negligent in prevention, many thieves escaped from prison, and even robbed prisons. Moreover, if the prisoners were kept together, it was inevitable that they would not riot, and if they revolted, it would be a detrimental effect to the rule.

There is no need to think about these in exile, because these people died for various reasons on the way, and even when they arrived at the place of exile, they died of illness due to the harsh environment, so there is no need to worry about them rioting, and they also play a role in guarding the border.

Ningguta is not a "tower", but the name of a city, which was a place of exile for criminals outside the customs during the Qing Dynasty. The old city is in Jiujie Town, on the south bank of the Xihailin River in present-day Anning County, Heilongjiang Province. Ningguta is a remote area, in the old days, the environment here is harsh, the climate is abnormal, not a single inch of grass grows, the grain does not grow, it is very suitable for the reform of criminals.

That is, it is not a tower, but why is it called a "tower"? According to legend, six distant brothers of the Qing imperial family once lived here. The Manchu language says that six are "Ninggu", one is a tower, and the ancient name is "Ninggu Tower".

The exile of criminals to Ningguta has two meanings: one is to punish evil and promote good, so that those who have committed crimes will leave their homeland and suffer a lot, go outside the customs to turn themselves in, think about themselves, regret themselves, and accept the wind and sand; The second is to "add bricks and tiles" to the hometown of the Qing imperial family. During the Qing Dynasty, there were some remote and backward areas in the country, but why didn't the Qing Dynasty exile criminals to other places for reform, and Ningguta was the first choice?

The intention is obvious, that is, Ningguta is the birthplace of the Manchus and the hometown of the Qing imperial family. When criminals came here, they not only had to open up wasteland and farm, build bridges and roads, and change the appearance of the Qing royal family's hometown, but also have to endure hunger, serve as cattle and horses for the local ** and Manchurians, and become domestic slaves.

Banishment refers to exile and expulsion. For example, in ancient China, the distribution of ** to the south such as Hainan, Guangzhou, Guangxi and other places is exile, although it is far away, it is still under the jurisdiction of China. If it is directly thrown outside the customs and left to fend for itself, it should be exiled outside the jurisdiction of ancient China.

Personal understanding, please correct.

It's basically the same, and I feel that exile is a little more political.

It was an important town in the northeastern frontier region ruled by the Qing Dynasty of China. Ningguta is the Qing Dynasty Ningguta General Governing Station and Station, is the Qing Dynasty located in the north of Shengjing (Shenyang) to govern Heilongjiang, Jilin vast area of the military, political and economic center. When the Qing Emperor Nurhachi established the Later Jin regime in 1616, he stationed troops here.

The origin of the place name is not the same, according to the "Ninggu Tower Record": according to legend, six brothers, occupy this place, Manchu called "six" for "Ninggu" and called "one" for "tower", so the name is "Ningguta".

Customs, refers to Shanhaiguan, Xiaozhuang with Shunzhi into the customs, in Beijing to build the capital, "never enter the customs" refers to "can never enter Beijing."

The customs here refer to the Shanhaiguan, and the outside of the Shanhaiguan is the Northeast region and the Inner Mongolia region, which is called the Guanwai.

Shanhaiguan is a vast area that includes many provinces.

Ningguta is now Ning'an County, Heilongjiang Province. Ningguta is not a tower, Ninggu is the meaning of Manchu six. Manchu: ninggu.

In fact, there were four main places where prisoners were exiled in the Qing Dynasty.

One is the Ninggu Pagoda in Heilongjiang. One is Shangyang Fort in Shengjing (now Kaiyuan City, Liaoning Province). One is Xinjiang Ili (now Gongliu County, Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang). One was the Mongolian Ura-Ud (present-day Buryatia, Russia).

The exiles of the Qing Dynasty were often political prisoners and socially excluded literati. The rulers exiled them to extremely remote places mainly to guard against them.

The pen of the literati is also very powerful.

The ancient city of Ningguta was originally near the ancient city village of Jiujie in Hailin County, Heilongjiang Province. Guan is Shanhaiguan.