What are the complications of nephrotic syndrome

Hello! Complications of nephrotic syndrome fall into three categories.

1. Infection Infection is a common complication of nephrotic syndrome, with insidious onset and atypical clinical manifestations, which is one of the main reasons for nephrotic syndrome or poor efficacy, and is related to the patient's immune dysfunction, decreased systemic nutritional status and the use of glucocorticoids.

2. Thromboembolism Thromboembolism is one of the most serious complications of nephrotic syndrome, and its occurrence is related to hemoconcentration, increased blood viscosity caused by hyperlipidemia, and increased liver synthesis of fibrinogen and some coagulation factors.

3. Acute renal failure Nephrotic syndrome can lead to decreased renal perfusion due to effective blood volume depletion, resulting in prerenal sputum massemia, which can be recovered after expansion and diuresis, and the complications of nephrotic syndrome are generally these three points! If you need to leave a message at any time, I am an expert in kidney disease!

Complications of nephrotic syndrome include:

1. Infection: It is the most common complication, which is related to edema, serous effusion, hormones and immunosuppressants**;

2. Thromboembolism: thrombosis of the lower limbs, renal vein thrombosis is most likely to occur, and pulmonary embolism may occur in severe cases;

3. Abnormal protein and fat metabolism: related to hypoproteinemia, hyperlipidemia, etc., manifested as fatigue, low immune system, bone pain, easy convulsions and other symptoms;

4. Acute kidney injury: related to prerenal factors, kidney lesions, excessive use of diuretics, angiotensin, etc.

The specific medication should be combined with clinical practice, and the doctor's face-to-face guidance shall prevail.

Nephrotic syndrome is a type of disease that not only causes harm to the patient but also causes some complications that can also cause more harm to the person with nephrotic syndrome. So, what are the complications of this disease?

Possible complications of nephrotic syndrome:

1.Thrombosis.

People with nephrotic syndrome are prone to the formation of blood clots. The causes of thrombosis are edema, venous congestion, patient inactivity, hyperlipidemia, hemoconcentration. In addition, the use of adrenocorticosteroids may also cause hypercoagulability.

2.Acute renal failure is present.

Patients will have a large amount of egg sail white urine, hyperlipidemia, hypoproteinemia, etc. And the body is often in a hypovolemic hypercoagulable state. With antihypertensive drugs and diuretics, renal perfusion may decrease abruptly and glomerular filtration rate decreases, leading to acute renal failure.

3.Infection occurs.

During the disease, large amounts of immunoglobulins are lost in the urine, resulting in a decrease in plasma proteins, which affects the formation of antibodies. However, the use of adrenocorticosteroids and some cytotoxic drugs can reduce the patient's resistance and make him susceptible to infection.

4. Coronary heart disease.

Patients with nephrotic syndrome often have hyperlipidemia, hypercoagulability, and coronary heart disease. Studies have reported that people with nephrotic syndrome have a higher chance of myocardial infarction. In addition, coronary heart disease is a major contributor to death in patients with nephrotic syndrome.

In fact, there are many complications that can be caused by nephrotic syndrome. It can be seen that this disease has brought us great harm. Therefore, patients must actively carry out nephrotic syndrome and strive for this disease as soon as possible.

Answer]: B. Examination of knowledge and inventory is the cause of nephrotic syndrome that is susceptible to co-infection.

Complications of nephrotic syndrome include infection, electrolyte imbalances, hypovolemic shock, hypercoagulability, and thrombosis. Patients with this disease are due to: protein malnutrition caused by massive proteinuria; high stool edema makes circulation poor; The loss of immunoglobulin and complement components in the urine causes immunocompromise and is very susceptible to various infections, among which respiratory tract infection, ** infection, and pre-feast primary peritonitis are the most common.

Susceptibility to infections such as varicella-zoster virus and measles virus when adrenocorticotropic hormone** is used.

Nephrotic syndrome is prone to complications such as infection, thrombosis, acute renal failure, and lipid metabolism disorders.

(1) Infection: The immunity of patients with nephrotic syndrome is weakened and they are prone to infection. Common respiratory tract infections such as pharyngitis, tonsillitis, pneumonia and urinary tract infections are common.

Due to malnutrition, hair loss, brittle nails, slow growth and development of children, abdominal pain, primary pleurisy. Once the infection appears, it should be immediately**, otherwise it can easily lead to death.

2) Thrombosis and embolic tendency: When suffering from nephrotic syndrome, the blood is in a state where it is relatively easy to coagulate. When plasma protein is less than 20 g liters, the risk of renal vein thrombosis increases.

Thrombosis can cause pulmonary embolism, and thrombosis can occur in arteries and veins around the body.

3) Acute renal failure.

Specifically, the results of renal function tests and urine microproteins should be examined. Nephrotic syndrome may occur with profuse sweating, and a lot of toilet visits indicate problems with kidney function and metabolism, and headaches have a lot to do with nephrotic syndrome. At present, according to the results of the examination, it can be carried out with hormones and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors**, and Chinese patent medicines can also be used, nephritis ** tablets may have a certain effect.

High blood pressure, diabetes, osteoporosis, etc.

infection, thrombosis, acute renal failure.

Nephrotic syndrome is a group of syndromes with clinical manifestations caused by massive proteinuria, hypoproteinemia, edema, and hyperlipidemia caused by various kidney diseases. It can be divided into two categories: primary and secondary.

The most common complication of nephrotic syndrome is a respiratory infection.

Complications of nephrotic syndrome include infections (mainly respiratory), thrombotic and embolic complications, acute renal failure, and disorders of protein and fat metabolism. The most common of these are respiratory infections.

Nephrotic syndrome is a common clinical manifestation of primary or secondary glomerular disease. The main manifestations are massive proteinuria, 24-hour urine protein quantification greater than gram hypoproteinemia, plasma albumin less than 30 grams per liter, high edema, and hyperlipidemia. Patients with nephrotic syndrome are prone to complications such as blood clots and infections due to hypoproteinemia, and according to your current results, there is a decrease in kidney function, and it is recommended to make a clear diagnosis as soon as possible**.

4.Complication.

1) Infection: upper respiratory tract infection, ** infection, peritonitis, etc.

2) Electrolyte disorders: low sodium, low potassium, hypocalcemia.

3) Thrombosis: Renal vein thrombosis is common in arterial and venous thrombosis, and there are severe pain in the waist and abdomen, hematuria, etc.

5) Protein and fat metabolism disorders.

Three more and one less: hyperproteinuria, hyperlipidemia, high edema, hypoproteinemia.

The most common complications of nephrotic syndrome are answered as follows: Nephrotic syndrome is a serious disease with many complications, including respiratory tract infections, thrombosis and embolic complications, kidney failure, and disorders of protein and fat metabolism. Leads to the occurrence of uremia and requires attention.

The complications of NS are an important factor affecting the long-term prognosis of patients, and should be actively prevented.

1.Infect. Antibiotics are usually not needed to prevent infection when hormones** are used, otherwise not only will the purpose of prevention not be achieved, but may induce superinfection of the fungus. Once infection is found, antibiotics that are sensitive, potent and non-nephrotoxic should be selected in a timely manner, and those with a clear focus of infection should be removed as soon as possible. Reduction or discontinuation of corticosteroids should be considered when severe infections are difficult to control, but this decision should be made on a case-by-case basis.

2.Thrombotic and embolic complications.

It is generally accepted that when plasma albumin is less than 20 g L (less than 25 g L for idiopathic MN disease), anticoagulant** can be given with heparin sodium (low molecular weight heparin may also be an option), subcutaneous injection, or oral warfarin. Anticoagulation may also be adjunctive with an antiplatelet drug, such as dipyridamole or aspirin taken orally. For patients who have thrombosis and embolism, urokinase or streptokinase systemic or local thrombolysis should be given as soon as possible (the best effect is within 6 hours, but it is still expected to be effective within 3 days), and at the same time, anticoagulant drugs should be used continuously for more than half a year.

Both anticoagulation and thrombolysis** should be used to avoid bleeding due to overdose.

3.Acute renal failure.

NS complicated by acute renal failure can be life-threatening if not properly managed, and most patients can expect to recover if treated promptly and correctly. The following measures can be taken:

1) Folded diuretics: Larger doses should be given to those who are still effective with folded diuretics to flush out the blocked renal tubular casts;

2) Hemodialysis diuresis is ineffective and has reached the indication for dialysis, hemodialysis should be given to maintain life, and appropriate dehydration after supplementation of plasma products to reduce renal interstitial edema;

3) Primary disease** Because its pathological type is mostly minimal lesion nephropathy, it should be treated actively**;

4) Alkalinization of urine Oral administration of sodium bicarbonate can be used to alkalize urine to reduce cast-type formation.

4.Disorders of protein and fat metabolism.

It is often difficult to completely correct the metabolic disorder until NS remission, but the amount and structure of protein and fat in the diet should be adjusted to minimize the effects of the metabolic disorder. At present, many drugs can be used for **protein and fat metabolism disorders. Such as:

Both ACE inhibitors and angiotensin receptor antagonists reduce proteinuria; Studies suggest that the traditional Chinese medicine Astragalus can promote hepatic albumin synthesis and may also reduce hyperlipidemia. Lipid-lowering drugs can be cholesterol-lowering monoyl-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors, such as statins such as lovastatin; or triglyceride-lowering chlorofibrate esters, such as fenofibrate. Hyperlipidemia resolves spontaneously after NS remission, and no medication is required**.