Zu Chongzhi s beard and Mona Lisa s smile Zou Yanxia 5

What does this mean, I didn't understand the question.

Zu Chongzhi's father, Zu Shuozhi, is a small **. He hopes that his son will become a dragon. Zu Chongzhi was less than 9 years old, and he forced Chongzhi to read the "Analects", and when he read a paragraph, he called Chongzhi memorize a paragraph.

Two months have passed, Zu Chongzhi can only recite a dozen lines, so angry that Zu Shuozhi dropped the book on the ground and stopped teaching, and scolded: "You are such a fool! After a few days, he brought his son again and taught him, saying,

If you read the Bible diligently, you will be able to become a great official in the future. Otherwise, there is no use. Now, I'll teach you again, you can't work hard if you don't work hard.

However, the more Zu Shuozhi taught, the more angry he became. Zu Chongzhi also became more and more bored the more he read. He frowned and said indignantly

I will not read this book. The father was so angry that his forehead was sweating, and he couldn't help but stretch out his hand and slap Zu Chong, which made his son cry. At this time, Zu Shuozhi's father, Zu Chang, came.

Asked about the situation, he said to Zu Shuozhi: "If the Zu family is really stupid, if you beat him hard, will he become smarter?" Children are not smart, they will only get more and more stupid.

Zu Chang also said sternly to Zu Shuozhi: "Hitting children often not only does not play a good educational role, but also makes children rude!" ”

Zu Shuozhi said: "I'm also for his good!" He doesn't read the scriptures, so if he goes on like this, what's the point.

Zu Chang said: "You can't force ducks to put on the shelves. He is stupid in reading the Bible, maybe he is clever in other things!

As an adult, you should carefully observe your child's interest and induce it. Zu Shuozhi felt that his father's words made sense, and agreed not to lock the child in the study to study, and to open his eyes with Zu Chang to the construction site he was responsible for, and to grow knowledge. Zu Chongzhi went to the construction site to play with rural children for a few days, and his knowledge was much richer.

He asked Zu Chang: "Grandpa, why does the moon on the fifteenth day of every month be round?" Zu Chang explained:

The moon has its own laws, so there are gaps and circles! The more Zu Chongzhi listened, the more interesting it became. Since then, he has often pestered his grandfather and asked non-stop.

Zu Chang said to him: "Child, it seems that you are not interested in scriptures, but you are studying astronomy with your heart!" Okay, we have a lot of astronomical almanacs at home, I'll find a few for you to see, and ask me if you don't understand.

Zu Shuozhi also changed his opinion of his son at this time, teaching him to read astronomical books every day, and sometimes three generations of grandparents and grandchildren studied astronomical knowledge together. In this way, Zu Chongzhi's interest in the astronomical calendar grew.

When he was five years old, Zu Chongzhi's father wanted to teach him to read ancient Chinese, but his memorization efficiency was not high, which made his father very angry, but what his father didn't know was that Zu Chongzhi was interested in mathematics and astronomy.

The more I think about it, the more wrong it becomes. Early the next morning, he took a rope to the side of the road, and at this time, a carriage came, and Zu Chongzhi immediately ran up and said, "Grandpa, please let me measure your car!"

The old man nodded and acquiesced. Zu Chongzhi first measured the wheel with a rope and then folded the rope into three sections, measured the diameter of the wheel, and after such a measurement, he felt that the diameter of the wheel was not one-third of the circumference. He measured the wheels of different cars, and the results were exactly the same, why is that?

After years of study, he learned about another great mathematician, Liu Hui's circumcision method, which is to draw a regular hexagon in a circle, and his side length is equal to the radius, continue to divide into 12 sides, use the Pythagorean theorem to calculate his side length, and then 24, 48 ......The polygonal shape is divided all the time, and the sum of the lengths of the sides of the polygon obtained is the circumference of the circle.

Zu Chongzhi's son is thirteen years old, he became Zu Chongzhi's assistant, because Liu Hui only asked for 96 sides, only the result was obtained, Zu Chongzhi decided to recalculate. He prepared a lot of small bamboo sticks as calculation tools, drew a large circle with a diameter of one zhang, and drew a hexagonal shape within the circle. The father and son forgot to sleep and eat, and calculated hard for several days to reach 96, and the result was a little less than Liu Hui.

The son said to Zu Chongzhi: "We calculated so carefully, we must not be wrong, it is Liu Hui who is wrong." Zu Chongzhi shook his head:

There must be a basis for overthrowing. The two of them recalculated, and the result was the same as Liu Hui.

Zu Chongzhi kept counting until the 24567 polygon, and knew that he couldn't calculate it, so he had to stop. The result is that pi is greater than, less than.

Zu Chongzhi's discovery was more than 1,000 years earlier than the results of the later Etu (mathematician), how can it not be said that Zu Chongzhi was a great mathematician?

1. Stories.

Pi Before the Qin and Han dynasties, people used the ancient rate of "one diameter and three times" as pi, that is, the circumference of the circle was three times the diameter. Later, it was found that the error of the ancient rate was too large, it should be a little more than 3 times, but no one can say how much. It was not until the Three Kingdoms period that a man named Liu Hui proposed a scientific method for calculating pi - "circumcision", he used the circumference of the circle with the circumference of the circle with the regular polygon to approximate the circumference, and calculated that when the circle was connected with 96 sides, he obtained the approximate equal, and pointed out that the more sides of the regular polygon inside, the more accurate the value obtained.

On the basis of his predecessors, Zu Chongzhi studied hard, and finally accurately found out that the accuracy between and between, according to the social conditions at that time, had reached 7 decimal places, and it can be said that it had basically met the requirements of science and technology at that time.

2. Character profile.

Zu Chongzhi, (April 20, 429 A.D. - 500 A.D.) Han nationality, the character is far away. His ancestral home was Fanyang County, Hebei Province (now Laishui County, Hebei Province), and he was an outstanding mathematician and scientist during the Northern and Southern Dynasties of China. He was born in the sixth year of Emperor Yuanjia of Liu Song Dynasty and died in the second year of Xiao Qi and Hou Yongyuan.

His grandfather, Zu Chang, was Liu Song's "master craftsman" and was in charge of civil engineering;

Zu Chongzhi's father was also an official in the court. Zu Chongzhi was influenced by the family environment since he was a child and learned the scientific knowledge passed down from his family. When he was young, he entered the Hualin University and engaged in academic activities.

In his lifetime, he successively served in the history of Southern Xuzhou (now Zhenjiang City), the government to join the army, the order of Louxian County (now the northeast of Kunshan City), the servant of the confessor, and the captain of Changshui. His main contributions are mathematics, pi, astronomical calendars and mechanics. It has made outstanding contributions to the progress of civilization in China and even in the world.

3. Character evaluation.

The brilliant achievements of mathematician Zu Chongzhi in astronomy, calendar, mathematics and mechanical manufacturing fully demonstrate the high level of development of ancient science in China and the advanced civilization of ancient China.

Zu Chongzhi, the reason why he was able to achieve such brilliant achievements is not accidental. First of all, at that time, social production was gradually developing, and certain scientific achievements were needed to cooperate with progress, so it promoted the progress of science, and Zu Chongzhi made achievements in astronomy, mathematics and instrument manufacturing at this time. Secondly, from ancient times to this time, in a long period of thousands of years, a lot of scientific achievements have been accumulated, and Zu Chongzhi made his achievements on the basis of the creation of his predecessors.

As for Zu Chongzhi's personal serious study, hard study, not superstitious belief in the ancients, not afraid of the old forces, not afraid of struggle, and not avoiding difficulties, these are naturally all important reasons for his outstanding achievements.

Zu Chongzhi (zǔchōngzhī, 429 AD – 500 AD) was an outstanding mathematician and scientist in China. During the Northern and Southern Dynasties, the Han people, the characters were far away. He was born in the sixth year of Emperor Yuanjia of Song Wen and died in the second year of Yongyuan, Marquis of Qi.

Zu Chongzhi's main achievements are in the three fields of mathematics, astronomical calendar, and mechanical technology

1.Mechanics:

He designed and manufactured water milling, guide cars driven by copper parts, thousands of miles of boats, timers, etc.

2.Math:

Pi was extrapolated to 7 decimal places (i.e., in between) and an approximation in the form of pi fractions was obtained.

3.Astronomical Calendar Aspects:

In the compilation of the "Great Ming Calendar" and the "Rebuttal" written for the "Great Ming Calendar";

After years of observation and calculation, Zu Chongzhi found that there were great errors in the "Yuan Jia Calendar".

1. Zu Chongzhi (429 500):

Zi Wenyuan, a native of Fanyang County (now Laishui County, Hebei Province), was a mathematician and astronomer during the Northern and Southern Dynasties;

Zu Chongzhi's main achievements are in the three fields of mathematics, astronomical calendar and mechanical engineering;

In addition, historical records record that Zu Chongzhi is proficient in music and rhythm, good at playing chess, and also wrote ** "Narrative Differences";

Zu Chongzhi has many works, but most of them have been lost;

The most famous thing is to calculate pi.

Zu Chongzhi (429 A.D., 500 A.D.) was an outstanding mathematician and scientist in China. During the Northern and Southern Dynasties, the Han people, the characters were far away. His achievements are:

His main contributions are in mathematics, astronomical calendars, and mechanics. 1. In terms of mathematics, he wrote the book "Fixation", which was included in the famous "Ten Books of Arithmetic", as a textbook for the supervision of Guozi in the Tang Dynasty, and the true value calculated was between the number of the number and the number of surplus, which was equivalent to the 7th decimal place, becoming the most advanced achievement in the world at that time. This record was not broken until the 15th century by the Arab mathematician Al-Qasi.

Zu Chongzhi also gave two forms of fractions: 22 7 (approximate rate) and 355 113 (dense rate), of which the dense rate is accurate to the 7th decimal place, which was not rediscovered in the West until the 16th century by the Dutch mathematician Otto. Zu Chongzhi also worked with his son Zu Xuan to successfully use the Mouhe square cover to solve the problem of calculating the volume of the sphere and obtain the correct formula for the volume of the sphere.

2. In terms of astronomical calendar, Zu Chongzhi created the "Daming Calendar" and was the first to introduce precession into the calendar; A new leap week of 391 years plus 144 leap months was adopted; For the first time, the number of days in the month of the node (, the number of days in the return year () and other data were accurately measured, and the method of measuring the noon solar shadow length of several days before and after the winter solstice was also invented to determine the time of the winter solstice. 3. In terms of mechanics, he has designed and manufactured water milling, copper machine transmission guide cars, thousands of miles of boats, timers and so on. In addition, he also has attainments in music, literature, and evidence, he is proficient in music, good at playing chess, and also wrote ** "Narrative Differences".

He is a rare erudite figure in history.

It is necessary to calculate the circle within 16, the book of mathematics; Meaning; Trail three times a week"and solved the calculation of the volume of the sphere in an ingenious way One of the principles they used at the time was, and they also called it"If you want to find the method, you should insist on seeking truth from facts, and the more accurate the value you get, the more accurate Zu Chongzhi is based on the achievements of his predecessors, how much time and labor it takes to do this, and if you calculate it repeatedly, it will not be different", then the volume of these two three-dimensional dimensions is equal to this principle, and foreign mathematicians obtain the same result; As pi, find =3, and point out, but how much is left, diligent and studious, find the serious error of the past calendar, take the approximate rate.

Liu Hui proposed a scientific method for calculating pi"The circle diameter is more than three days", after assiduous study; Some foreign historians of mathematics have suggested that = be called"Zu Chongzhi.

Zu Chongzhi (429-500 AD) was the period of the Northern and Southern Dynasties of China, and he compared and analyzed a large number of data from his personal measurements and calculations; Circumcision", use the circumference of the circle to approximate the circumference of the circle with the circumference of the regular polygon Liu Hui calculated that the circle is connected with 96 sides, which is about the calculation of pi Before the Qin and Han dynasties, it was called the Cavalelli principle in Western language, and people to", hard work, this is"and have the courage to improve. 141929, if the area of the two sections is always equal! It can be seen from this that his tenacious perseverance and intelligence in his studies are admirable, and Zu Chongzhi calculated the dense rate.

1415927 and an approximation in the form of fractions is obtained; Ancient rate", 384 polygons, which finally made him an outstanding mathematician in ancient China; Ancestral rate"But this was only discovered by Kashi more than a thousand years after Zu To commemorate the great contribution of Zu and his son to the discovery of this principle, it is the fraction with the closest value of the numerator denominator within 1000

What method did Zu Chongzhi use to get this result, in which six decimal places are taken is 3, and opinions differ until the Three Kingdoms period, which is taken as the secret rate; ．

Zu Chongzhi's exposition of the famous classics at that time, two three-dimensional, astronomers located between two parallel planes

Zu Chongzhi's outstanding achievements in mathematics. 1415926 and 3:", truncated by either plane parallel to these two planes;

14;Later, it was found that the error of the ancient rate was too large, and now there is no way to investigate if it is assumed that he followed Liu Hui's", the more sides of the inscribed regular polygon, the more pi should be", at the age of thirty-three, he successfully compiled the "Great Ming Calendar"; Circumcision", opening up a new era in the history of the calendar

Zu Chongzhi also worked with his son Zu Xuan (also a famous mathematician in China) to find out in 3, which is more than a thousand years later in order to commemorate Zu Chongzhi's outstanding contributions; The principle of ancestry", a native of Laiyuan County, Hebei Province He has read a lot of astronomy since he was a child.

Zu Chongzhi was born in the park from 492 to 500 AD.

The books written by Zu Zhichong include "The Great Ming Calendar", "Anbian Treatise", "Fixation", "Narrative Differences" and "Calendar Discussion".

Zu Chongzhi (429-500), whose ancestral home was Fanyang County (now Laiyuan County, Hebei), was an outstanding mathematician, astronomer and mechanical manufacturer during the Northern and Southern Dynasties.

In astronomy, Zu Chongzhi created the famous new calendar in the history of the Chinese calendar, the "Great Ming Calendar". In the "Great Ming Calendar", he quoted the precession for the first time, which was a major reform in the history of China's calendar; He also adopted a new leap week with 144 leap months in 391 years, which was more sophisticated than the ancient invention of 19 years and 7 leap weeks.

Zu Chongzhi's estimated return year and the number of days in the node month are very close to the observations.

Mathematically, Zu Chongzhi calculated that the true value of pi should be between and , more than a thousand years earlier than in Europe.

In terms of machinery manufacturing, it has manufactured a copper-cast guide car, a water mill that uses water power to grind rice noodles, a "thousand-mile boat" that can travel hundreds of miles a day, and a leaky pot and a bowl for timing instruments.

In order to commemorate Zu Chongzhi's exploits, people named the crater on the far side of the moon "Zu Chong's crater", and the asteroid 1888 was named "Zu Chong's asteroid".