What language did the ancients use to communicate What language did ancient China use to communicate

Ancient China used ancient Chinese to communicate.

Broadly speaking, all the languages spoken by the Han people before the May Fourth Movement can be regarded as ancient Chinese. Ancient Chinese is divided into two forms: written and spoken. The oral language of the ancient people is now left in some dialects, and what we often call ancient Chinese refers to the written language.

The written form of ancient Chinese has a history of more than 3,000 years, from the written record to the May Fourth Movement. Generally speaking, ancient Chinese can be divided into four periods: ancient times, ancient times, middle times and early antiquity. Ancient refers to the Yin and Shang periods, ancient refers to the Zhou, Qin and Han dynasties, Middle Ages refers to the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, Sui, Tang and Song dynasties, and modern antiquity refers to the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties.

Ancient Mandarin was based on Luoyang dialect. From antiquity and medieval times to modern times, it lasted more than 4,000 years. In the mid-to-late Qing Dynasty, Beijing dialect became an official language.

The official dialect is based on the Zhongzhou pronunciation, which refers to the reading pronunciation of Luoyang as an office language, not the spoken language of Luoyang, let alone the current Luoyang accent. Information.

In the past, the characters of various countries were slightly different, and the ruler only needed to manage the ** door of the previous scholars, and issued teaching tasks to the private schools in various places through the scholars, so there were many types of words at that time, until the unification of Qin Shi Huang, the text was unified into the Great Qin script, but all this is collectively called ancient text by our door today!

It is also a Chinese character, and it is a universal script that has been passed down from generation to generation.

The dialogue of ancient people basically uses ancient vernacular to dialogue, but it is different from modern vernacular.

Look at it in two parts.

One is the grammatical aspect, and the other is the phonological aspect.

1. Grammatical aspects.

Classical Chinese and vernacular are relatively consistent in the pre-Qin period, and the grammar recorded in the pre-Qin materials can basically give a glimpse of the way of speaking at that time, so there are also some studies of the pre-Qin princes who will judge their dialect characteristics and the characteristics of the times according to their grammatical common expressions and even foley interjections.

Later generations of classical Chinese have some inheritance and imitation of the previous generation, that is, when the language of later generations is more vernacular, the literati writing will appear a little more "literary" because of a certain inheritance, so there are certain differences. However, this difference is mainly in formal works, such as the writing of poems and books, like the popular **, the difference will be much smaller, and the dialogue of the characters in the Ming and Qing dynasties can basically be regarded as the way people spoke at that time.

2. Voice.

Both the ancient and middle sounds are now more recognized foleys, and although the specifics are still controversial, the general direction is relatively clear. If you want to know the foley of a word, you can check it separately, of course, you can guess it yourself according to Guangyun and so on, but unless there is a dispute, since someone has studied it, it ......is good to use it directlyThe Middle Sound is relatively easy to understand, and it sounds a bit like the Southern Dialect, the Ancient Sound.

In addition, the above is mainly in official dialect, such as the local dialect is countless, and the ancients also have some works that speak various local dialects professionally.

Classical Chinese, full of mouthfuls of people!

Cultural people use classical Chinese, and the common people use our current vernacular with a little bit of classical Chinese.

Of course, people everywhere use tongues.

The ancients basically spoke in the vernacular that is similar to what they do now, but the written language of the ancients became classical Chinese, and this is the situation of the separation of ancient languages.

There is nothing wonderful about the ancient vernacular, and there are still literary words in many rural areas.

The main modes of communication in ancient times and their characteristics:

1. Beacon fire to transmit military information: "Beacon fire" is a communication method used to transmit military intelligence on the frontier in ancient China, in the high place of the border military fortress or traffic point, every certain distance to build a high platform, commonly known as the beacon tower, also known as the beacon, the pier, the chimney and so on. This method travels faster over short distances.

2. The Biography of Hongyan: From the story of "Su Wu Shepherd" in "Hanshu Su Wu Biography", it gradually became a symbol of postal communication.

3. Fish to pass on ruler: In ancient Chinese poetry, fish is regarded as the messenger of letters, and "pescatology", "fish book", "carp", "double carp wheel stool" and so on are used as the pronouns of letters, which is rich in more literary significance.

4. The Blue Bird Biography: From the ancient book "The Classic of Mountains and Seas" in China, it is an allusion.

5. Flying pigeon biography: carrier pigeons are mainly used for the purpose of military communication, and they are widely used in ancient times because their transmission speed is much faster than that of horses.

6. Communication tower: In the 18th century, it took only 2 minutes to complete a message transmission within a distance of 230 kilometers, which shows its speed.

7. Signal flag: The signal flag communication used on the passenger ship has a history of more than 400 years. The advantage of semaphore communication is that it is very simple.

Just like the Mandarin we are popularizing now, in fact, there is a unified language called "Yayan" in ancient times, which is actually the language spoken by the people of the capital of a country, and the dialect of this capital is equivalent to the ancient Mandarin, but this kind of Yayan is generally only the language that the princes in ancient times would learn to communicate. Different eras have different sayings.

Confucius lectured everywhere, and as a native of Shandong, how did he communicate with people in other regions so that others could understand what he meant? At that time, the capital of the Zhou Dynasty was Luoyang, which was Henan, so the Yayan at that time was Henan dialect, so Confucius also needed to learn Henan dialect and then lecture with others.

With the change of dynasties, the Yayan will also be different, but often the two will be combined, and there will be some differences with the local dialects, but they are basically similar. For a long time, Nanjing dialect was used as an elegant dialect, also known as official dialect, and the Qing people entered the customs, and Nanjing dialect was also the main language. Later, in the Yongzheng period, the Beijing dialect with a Manchu accent was promoted, as well as the Zhengyin Pavilion, which is basically modern Mandarin, although there are certain differences, but there will be no difficulty in communication.

In ancient times, most of the ancients would never leave their ancestral home for the rest of their lives, and they were familiar with the local dialect and similar dialects of neighboring villages, which could cope with daily communication and exchanges.

Modern Mandarin is actually a vote, Mr. Sun Yat-sen once wanted to promote Cantonese as the official language of the country, but did not succeed, and later after the liberation of the choice of Mandarin is to vote, it is said that Cantonese missed the status of the Chinese by one vote, and finally the Beijing dialect was promoted as the Mandarin of the country. So now we can communicate with everyone, from the high-ranking officials and nobles to the common people, and the cost of communication has been greatly reduced, but as ordinary people become more and more powerful, the charm of dialects has become more and more blurred in the long river of history.

They don't communicate in classical Chinese, they also communicate in braille, which is a way of communicating by letter in ancient times, which has been passed down from generation to generation, and has achieved the current Mandarin.

Gestures, because the environment in which everyone lives together is the same, so it is possible to communicate by gestures. When we don't understand the language with foreigners, don't we also rely on comparisons?

In ancient times, there was also translation, and if the language was not compatible, it was possible to solve the communication problem through translation.

The languages of the ancients were not compatible, but they could use their gestures to express their emotions and then communicate.