The expression of the basic knowledge of ancient poetry

The expressive techniques of ancient poems include "endowment, comparison, and xing", which are the three main expressions used in the Book of Songs. "Preface to Mao's Poems": "Therefore, the poem has six meanings: one is the wind, the second is the fu, the third is the comparison, the fourth is the xing, the fifth is the elegance, and the sixth is the song." ”

1. Fu: Flat and straightforward, laid out, and compared. It is equivalent to today's rhetorical method of arrangement.

2. Analogy: analogy. There are two ways to describe people or things to make their characteristics more distinctive, which are analogy and metaphor.

3. Xing: Initiating other things to cause the content to be sung. There is a certain connection with the content of the poem. The figurative technique can enhance the vividness and distinctiveness of the poem, and increase the charm and appeal of the image.

Borrowing from the past to satirize the present, borrowing things to metaphorize people, and using allusions.

Contrast, direct lyricism, pun.

Indirect like lyricism, borrowing scenery lyricism, combination of movement and static.

Combining virtual and real, association and thinking.

There are three categories of expressive hand-copying techniques: lyrical techniques, descriptive techniques, and rhetorical techniques.

1.There are two kinds of lyrical techniques: direct lyricism and indirect lyricism. Indirect lyricism is divided into lyricism through scenes, words and aspirations of supporting things, and allegorical reasoning.

2.The main descriptive techniques are: foil (positive and contrasting), association and imagination (combination of virtual and real), contrast, white drawing, combination of movement and static, rendering, etc.

3.Rhetorical devices mainly include: metaphor, personification, exaggeration, puns, allusions, duality, synaesthesia, etc.

Other techniques: desire to promote the first and suppress, symbolism, endowment, comparison, rejuvenation, etc.

Poetry appreciation, commonly used expressive techniques:

a) Foiling. Static combination, front and side knotting, white drawing right, detail description, fictional writing, imagination, combination of virtual and real, allusions, allegorical scenery (scene blending), direct expression of the mind (direct lyricism), comparison, xing, symbolism, supporting things and words, borrowing from the past to satirize the present, suppression, etc.

2) Metaphor, personification, questioning, rhetorical questioning, borrowing, duality, exaggeration, repetition, contrast, pun, synaesthesia, intertextuality, etc.

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Presentation skills include:

1. Expression: narrative, illustrative, argumentative, lyrical, descriptive. 2. Expression: think about the image, association, analogy, symbolism, and contrast.

Answer, contrast, rendering, etc. 3. Material arrangement: primary and secondary, detailed, complex and simplified. 4. Structure: connecting the previous and the next, suspense, care, foreshadowing, etc.

5. Rhetorical devices: metaphor, repetition, comparison, rhetorical question, personification, exaggeration, etc.

What are the commonly used expressions? What are their functions?

Broadly speaking, the expression technique is the special way of sentence organization used by the author in the wording and expression of thoughts and feelings Analyzing a work, you can specifically grasp its special expression from point to surface, first of all, the rhetorical skills on words and sentences, there are many types, including metaphor, symbolism, exaggeration, comparison, duality, contrast, personification, diction, etc.; When you grasp the expressive technique of the work as a whole, it is.

Pay attention to works of different genres:

1. Expressions of different genres.

1. The expression techniques of lyrical prose are rich and colorful, such as lyricism through scenes, words and aspirations, combination of suppression and promotion, symbolism and other techniques;

2. The writing techniques of narrative essays, such as beginning and end, finishing touch, skillful use of rhetoric, appropriate detail, combination of narrative, front and side reflection, etc.;

3. Discussion of writing techniques such as quoting scriptures, clever metaphors, reverse differences, positive and negative comparisons, analogous reasoning, etc.;

4. ** descriptive techniques, accentuation techniques, foreshadowing and response, suspense and interpretation, real and fictional writing, etc.

Second, the specific expression techniques.

Supporting things and words, writing scenes, lyrical narratives, lyrical and straightforward, straightforward expressions, smooth narratives, flashbacks, interpolations, contrasts, and contrasts, and the symbolism of the chapters and the symbols of imagination and association.

1. Rendering and accentuation.

The first is the concept, rendering, which refers to the positive description of various factors such as the environment and scenery to highlight the image. Accentuation refers to the process of deliberately describing from the side, acting as a foil, and making the desired things stand out clearly.

Next is the way to judge, although the concept says that the rendering is the front and the accent is the side. But in reality, rendering and accentuation are both techniques used in side depictions.

Whether it is depicting a scene or other foils, the ultimate goal is to set off the main object of description. So obviously, both are side depictions.

2. Foil and contrast.

The same is to talk about the concept first, and the foil is to use the conditions of similarity or opposition between things, and use some things as a foil to highlight the expression of the things to be expressed.

Contrast is to contrast two different things or two different aspects of a thing to make their characteristics more distinct.

3. Bixing. Metaphor is actually a metaphor, but the technique of metaphor is called metaphor when used in poetry. This technique is often used in poetry to achieve the artistic effect of vivid images and turning reality into fiction.

The judgment of the metaphor is very simple, as mentioned earlier, the metaphor in the poem is called the metaphor, so you only need to find the metaphor in the poem, but don't say that you can't find the metaphor.

4. Symbolism. Symbolism refers to the artistic technique of expressing certain concepts, thoughts and feelings through specific and easily associated concrete images. There is a certain similarity between the symbolic and the ontological.

Here's a quick example. For example, candles, when they burn, can bring light, but at the same time they burn themselves. Through this, we can associate with the noble spirit of self-sacrifice.

Therefore, the candle is a symbol of self-denial. Symbolism and metaphor are actually very similar, if there is a kind of metaphor throughout the text. It forms a symbol.

5. Association and imagination.

The techniques of association and imagination were mostly used by Romantic poets. For example, the famous poet Li Bai's sleepwalking in the sky and leaving farewell, depicting dreams, fairyland and immortals in the poem.

In order to express their pursuit of a bright and beautiful ideal world. There is no need to say anything specific about this technique, as long as you see it, you will naturally recognize it, and if you have to say a criterion for judgment, it does not exist in reality. If the poet describes something that does not exist in reality, it is the use of association and imagination.